Quality Standard of RADIX ET RHIZOMA HERACLEI

[Objective]To provide references for the establishment of quality standard of RADIX ET RHIZOMA HERACLEI. [Methods]Pharmacognosy,characters and microscopic identification methods were adopted. With reference substances of RADIX ET RHIZOMA HERACLEI as the control,TLC identification was carried out. According to the methods in Chinese Pharmacopoeia( edition 2010),the moisture content,total ash content and acid-insoluble ash content were detected in ten batches of RADIX ET RHIZOMA HERACLEI. [Results]Characters of pharmacognostic identification of RADIX ET RHIZOMA HERACLEI were descibed. RADIX ET RHIZOMA HERACLEI and its reference substances had the same color of fluorescent spots. The moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash contents should be less than 12. 0%,8. 0% and 2. 0%,respectively; while the extracts content should be more than 23. 0%. [Conclusions]TLC identification had strong specificity; the research results provided references for the identification,development and utilization of RADIX ET RHIZOMA HERACLEI,as well as the quality standard establishment of RADIX ET RHIZOMA HERACLEI.     

The Protection and Regulatory Effects of Yupingfeng Polysaccharides on Mice with Immune Function Damage

[Objective] To discuss the protection and regulatory effects of Yupingfeng polysaccharides on mice with immune function damage.[Methods]The immunosuppressive mice mode was established by 80 mg/kg cyclophosphamide. Effects of different dosages of Yupingfeng polysaccharides( 150,300,600 mg / kg) on structure and function recovery of mice immune organs were observed. [Results]The thymus and spleen in mice enlarged significantly; spleen index of mice increased obviously; splenic lymphocyte proliferation and transformation capacitates and NK cell activity all increased significantly( P 0. 05 or P 0. 01). Besides,spleen structure was damaged with compensatory hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue. Observation of polysaccharides positive control group( no administration of cyclophosphamide) showed that after mice were stimulated by Yupingfeng polysaccharides,spleens showed structural hyperplasia and hypertrophy. [Conclusions]Yupingfeng polysaccharides significantly promoted the structural and functional compensation of spleen after immunosuppression,and had obvious enhancement effects on spleen functions of normal mice.     

Comparative Research of the Chemical Components of RADIX at RHIZOMA CYATHULAE CAPITATAE with RADIX et RHIZOMA CYATHULAE OFFICINALIS and RADIX et RHIZOMA ACHYRANTHIS BIDENTATAE by Systematic Preliminary Test

[Objective]To carry out the systematic preliminary test on the chemical components of RADIX at RHIZOMA CYATHULAE CAPITATAE,and to compare with RADIX et RHIZOMA CYATHULAE OFFICINALIS and RADIX et RHIZOMA ACHYRANTHIS BIDENTATAE.[Methods]Systematic preliminary tests was adopted;physical and chemical identification of the water extracted solutions,ethanol extracted solutions and petroleum ether extracted solutions were carried out for RADIX at RHIZOMA CYATHULAE CAPITATAE,RADIX et RHIZOMA CYATHULAE OFFICINALIS and RADIX et RHIZOMA ACHYRANTHIS BIDENTATAE,respectively.The chemical components were preliminarily identified and compared.[Results]The three medicines all had saccharides,glycosides,proteins,saponins,phenols,organic acids,flavonoids,alkaloids,sterides,triterpenes and so on.Hydrochloric acid-magnesium powder test on the identification of flavonoids showed that the three medicines were all negative,indicating that the structures of flavonoids components were similar.Alkali test on the anthraquinones identification showed that only RADIX at RHIZOMA CYATHULAE CAPITATAE was negative;identification test on volatile oil and grease showed that only RADIX et RHIZOMA ACHYRANTHIS BIDENTATAE was positive.[Conclusions]It was preliminarily identified that there were saccharides,glycosides,proteins,saponins,phenols,organic acids,flavonoids,alkaloids,sterides and triterpenes in RADIX at RHIZOMA CYATHULAE CAPITATAE.     

Screening of Anti-inflammatory Active Fractions from RADIX ET RHIZOMA GENTIANAE

[Objective] To screen the anti-inflammatory active fractions from RADIX ET RHIZOMA GENTIANAE.[Methods]Anti-inflammatory activity screening was carried out based on mice auricle swelling model induced by xylene,capillary permeability model in mice abdominal cavity induced by glacial acetic acid,rats footpad swelling model induced by carrageenan and PGE2 model in inflammatory tissues of rats swelling foot induced by carrageenan.[Results] Compared with Tween-80 group,high-and middle-dosage groups of water fractions( 6,3g/kg) had significant inhibitory effects on mice auricle swelling induced by xylene,capillary permeability in mice abdominal cavity induced by glacial acetic acid,rats footpad swelling induced by carrageenan,and PGE2 in inflammatory tissues of rats swelling foot induced by carrageenan( P 0.05,0.01).Other fractions showed weak or basically no activities.[Conclusions]Water fraction was the anti-inflammatory active fraction of RADIX ET RHIZOMA GENTIANAE.     

The Safety of Shampoo with Compound Zaofan Function

[Objective] To discuss the safety of shampoo with compound Zaofan function to the skins of laboratory animals. [Methods]Kunming mice was used for skin acute toxicity test; domestic healthy rabbits were used for skin irritation test; and white guinea pigs were used for skin sensitivity test. Cell genetic toxicity of Shampoo with compound Zaofan function in the body was detected by lymphocyte micronucleus test on Kunming mice. [Results]After using the shampoo with compound Zaofan function,mice showed no symptom of acute toxicity. In skin irritation test,shampoo with compound Zaofan function had relatively weak stimulation to skin; and the degree was no irrigation. In skin sensitivity test,shampoo with compound Zaofan function had low incidence of sensitization and poor sensitization. In micronucleus test of lymphocyte,shampoo with compound Zaofan function had small effects on the teratogenicity / mutagenesis. [Conclusions]Shampoo with compound Zaofan function was safe and reliable for external use,and was worthy of clinical promotion.     

Determination of Content of Total Tannin in RADIX SANGUISORBAE from Different Resources by Improved Method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia

[Objective]To establish improved method described in Chinese Pharmacopoeia which could be used for determining the content of total tannin in RADIX SANGUISORBAE from different resources. [Methods]Improved ultraviolet spectroscopy described in Chinese Pharmacopoeia was used to determine the content of total tannin and the results were clustered by SPSS19. 0. [Results]The linear regression equation was as follows: Y = 115. 07X + 0. 098 1,R = 0. 999 3(n = 6). When the concentration of gallic acid was 1. 007- 10. 070 mg /L,it showed a good linear relationship with the absorbance. The average recovery rate was 100. 12% and the RSD was 2. 74%(n = 6). It was of good repeatability and stability. The extraction ratio was high and the results were accurate. S13(Fagopyrum dibotrys(D. Don) Hara) was clustered into a class alone and its content of tannin was 2. 82% which was very low. In category 2,S19(Geranium strictipes R. Knuth) was clustered into a class alone and its content of tannin was 25. 63% which was high. The content of total tannin in S3 sample was 18. 15% which was relatively high and it was clustered into class 2. The content of tannin in RADIX SANGUISORBAE originated from Chuanzhusi,Songpan County,Sichuan was close to that of S3 and it was 18. 21%. And it was also clustered in the class. [Conclusions]The content of total tannin in samples from different sources differed significantly due to family,genus and species,collecting and distributing centre and degree of frying. After processing,the content of total tannin in medicinal materials decreased significantly. Species should be classified and quality control should be applied when RADIX SANGUISORBAE was used in clinic. By doing so,we could guarantee the safety and effectiveness of its clinical medication. And its clinical medication would be controllable.     

Immunomodulatory Effects of Yupingfeng Polysaccharides on Immunosuppressed Mice

[Objective] To discuss the protection and regulatory effects of Yupingfeng polysaccharides on immunosuppressed mice. [Methods] The immunosuppressive mice model was established by 80 mg / kg cyclophosphamide. The spleen index,spleen lymphocyte proliferation capability,serum hemolysin antibody generation and serum IL-2 level of mice were researched,so as to observe the effects of Yupingfeng polysaccharides at different dosages( 100,200,400 mg / kg). [Results] Yupingfeng polysaccharides enhanced the spleen index of immunosuppressed mice,improved the proliferation capability of spleen lymphocyte,promoted the generation of serum hemolysin antibody in normal mice,and protected against the secretion reduction of serum hemolysin antibody induced by cyclophosphamide. Besides,Yupingfeng polysaccharides enhanced the IL-2 levels in serum of both immunosuppressed and normal mice,especially that the middle-and low-dosage groups had relatively significant effects.[Conclusions] Yupingfeng polysaccharides protected against the immunosuppression of mice induced by cyclophosphamide,enhanced the immune function and protected the spleen function of mice.     

Protective Effects of Lycium ruthenicum Murr on Irradiated Mice

[Objective] To research the protective effects of Lycium ruthenicum Murr on irradiated mice. [Methods] Except normal control group,mice were radiated by X-Rays with the radiation dosage being 5 Gy. The RBC,WBC,PLT and HGB of mice were detected. The thymus and spleen indices were calculated. The antioxidase activity,DNA,caspase-3 and caspase-6 contents were detected. [Results] L. ruthenicum water extracts significantly enhanced the hemogram of irradiated mice,increased the SOD activity,improved DNA content,reduced the CAT,GSH-PX and T-AOC activities,and lowered the caspase-3 and caspase-6 contents. Viscera index showed no statistical significance.[Conclusions]L. ruthenicum water extracts had certain protective effects on irradiated mice.     

Microwave Digestion- Dual Channel Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry for Determination of Selenium and Germanium in Chinese Herbs

[Objective] To conduct simultaneous determination of selenium and germanium content in traditional Chinese medicine,such as wild RHIZOMA GASTRODIAE,RADIX POLYGONI MULTIFLORI,RADIX ANGELICAE SINENSIS,RADIX ADENOPHORAE,and RHIZOMA COPTIDIS,by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. [Methods] The samples were prepared by nitric acid-hydrogen peroxide microwave digestion,using phosphoric acid as the medium and thiourea as the pre-reductant,the selenium and germanium contents of traditional Chinese medicine were determined by dual channel atomic fluorescence spectrometry. [Results] Under the optimized conditions,the instrumental detection limits of selenium and germanium were 0. 25 and 1. 46 ng / m L,and the RSDs were 1. 9%( 5 ng / m L,n = 10) and2. 9%( 10 ng / m L,n = 10),and the recoveries were 91. 7%- 97. 2% and 89. 5%- 95. 7% with RSD less than 4%( n = 10),respectively.The linear ranges were all 0- 300 ng / m L. Interference ions as Cr3 +,Cu2 +,Zn2 +and Co2 +had the biggest influences on selenium,while Pb2 +and Ni2 +the biggest influences on germanium. These interference ions were not considered,because their contents were not high enough to disturb selenium and germanium determination. [Conclusions]The selenium contents of 5 kinds of medicinal materials were in the range of533. 1- 1 773 ng / g,the order was: wild RHIZOMA GASTRODIAE RHIZOMA COPTIDIS RADIX POLYGONI MULTIFLORI RADIX ANGELICAE SINENSIS RADIX ADENOPHORAE; the germanium content range was 253. 9- 842. 5 ng / g,the order was: wild RHIZOMA GASTRODIAE RADIX ADENOPHORAE RADIX ANGELICAE SINENSIS RADIX POLYGONI MULTIFLORI RHIZOMA COPTIDIS. Two element contents of wild RHIZOMA GASTRODIAE were higher than that of other cultivated samples.     

Preventive Effects of Vitamin C And Polysaccharides in Dioscrea pposite Thunb. on Cadmium-induced Liver Injury in Mice

[Objective]To investigate the preventive protective effects and its mechanism of vitamin C and polysaccharide in Dioscrea pposite Thunb. on cadmium-induced liver damage in mice. [Methods]50 Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group,model group,D. pposite polysaccharides protection group,vitamin C protection group,D. pposite polysaccharides and vitamin C protection group. At the 7th day of feeding,the mice were given saline by gavage,and the mice in other groups were intraperitoneally injected with 3. 0 mg /kg CdCl2 solution. 24 hours after injection,blood was collected for ALT and AST test. Then,mice were sacrificed and the livers were removed for the calculation of hepatosomatic index(liver weight / body weight). Also,the liver homogenates were prepared for the determination of SOD and GSHPx activities and the of MDA and NO contents. [Results]Compared with the mice in model group,the liver-somatic index,serum ALT,AST activity,and contents of liver MDA and NO reduced,the activities of SOD and GSH-Px,and the content of GSH improved in D. pposite polysaccharides and vitamin C protection group(*P 0. 05,**P 0. 01). Compared with the model grfoup,the protective effects of D. pposite polysaccharides combined with vitamin C strengthened(**P 0. 01). [Conclusions]The combination of D. pposite polysaccharides and vitamin C has preventive protection effects on cadmium-induced liver injury in mice by antagonizing cadmium and /or oxidative stress. The application of D. pposite polysaccharides combined with vitamin C had a synergistic effect.     

Protective Effects of Coriolus versciclor Polysaccharides on Liver Injury of Mice Induced by CCl_4

[Objective] To discuss the protective effects of Coriolus versciclor polysaccharides on liver injury of mice induced by CCl4.[Methods]40 male Kunming mice at four moths old were randomly divided into four groups,which were control group,model group,C. versciclor polysaccharides protection group and feeds + C. versciclor polysaccharides group. Mice were fed for 8 d. On 2 h after final administration,intraperitoneal injection of blend oil solution was carried out was carried out in control group. And in other groups,intraperitoneal injection of0. 15% CCl4 blend oil solution( 10 mL / kg) was conducted. After 18 h,eyeballs were collected and serum was isolated. Livers were taken out and the hepatosomatic index was calculated. Liver homogenate was prepared and the ALT and AST were detected,as well as the SOD and NOS activities,and MDA,GSH and NO contents.[Results] Compared with model group,C. versciclor polysaccharides in different administration ways reduced the hepatosomatic index( P 0. 05) and MDA content( P 0. 001),lowered the AST activity in serum( P 0. 05),the NOS activity and the NO content( P 0. 01),and enhanced the SOD activity and GSH content( P 0. 01).[Conclusions] C. versciclor polysaccharides in different administration ways protected the liver injury of mice induced by CCl4.     

Effects of Yuezhitang Decoction on Lactation Promotion of Over Lactation Model Mice

[Objective] To discuss the effects of Yuezhitang decoction on promoting lactating function of maternal mice,enhancing the quality of newborn mice,and improving the survival ratio of newborn mice by using the overload lactation model of mice.[Methods]Overload lactation model of maternal mice was established.Maternal mice were given different dosages of samples by gavage.The lactation volume,accumulative lactation volume,body weight change of newborn mice at lactation period were researched.The mammary gland index was detected; the changes of breast tissue morphology and physiology were observed.[Results] Compared with model group,11 and 16.5 g/kg dosage groups significantly improved the lactation volume of maternal mice(P0.05).Mammary gland index of 11 g/kg dosage group increased significantly.In 11 and 16.5 g/kg dosage groups,mammary gland acinus had dense structure; the acinus was arranged regularly with complete structure and significant increase in quantity,showing typical characters of secretory mammary gland.[Conclusions]Yuezhitang decoction promoted the lactation of maternal mice.     

不同产地枸杞多糖含量及其免疫功效的研究

比较了宁夏区和山西省产枸杞的多糖含量及其对小鼠免疫指标的影响。结果表明,每200g宁夏中宁产枸杞制得的粗多糖为3.75g,其纯度为31.29%;每200g山西省古交市产枸杞制得的粗多糖为2.35g,纯度为22.78%;宁夏产枸杞多糖对ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化能力和迟发型变态反应的促进作用均高于山西产枸杞的多糖。不同产地枸杞的免疫功效各异,这可能与其中多糖含量、组成和比例密切相关。     

玉屏风复合多糖对免疫抑制小鼠的免疫调节作用

为探讨玉屏风复合多糖对免疫功能损伤的调节和保护作用,以环磷酰胺80 mg/kg诱导的免疫低下小鼠为实验动物模型,通过检测小鼠的脾脏指数、脾淋巴细胞增殖能力、血清溶血素和血清中IL-2等指标,观察不同剂量玉屏风复合多糖(100,200,400 mg/kg)对小鼠脾脏指数、脾淋巴细胞增殖能力、血清溶血素和血清IL-2的影响。结果发现,玉屏风多糖能使免疫抑制小鼠的脾脏指数升高,促进脾淋巴细胞的增值;玉屏风多糖可促进正常小鼠血清溶血素抗体的生成,对抗环磷酰胺所致的小鼠血清溶血素抗体分泌减少;玉屏风复合多糖能提高正常小鼠和免疫抑制的小鼠血清的IL-2水平,尤其以中、低剂量组效果较好。结果证实,玉屏风多糖能对抗环磷酰胺诱导的小鼠免疫抑制,提高免疫功能,对小鼠的脾脏功能也有保护作用。     

黄芪多糖对氟苯尼考诱导的免疫抑制小鼠保护作用

为了调节动物免疫状态和改善机体防御能力提供试验依据。利用MTT法和ELISA法探讨黄芪多糖对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的调节作用,建立氟苯尼考诱导免疫抑制小鼠模型,通过称重计算脾脏指数;MTT法检测T、B淋巴细胞增殖反应;双抗夹心ELISA方法检测小鼠血清中IgG,IgG1,IgG2b抗体水平。结果表明：黄芪多糖能够提高免疫抑制小鼠的脾脏指数,在ConA或者LPS刺激下提高T、B淋巴细胞增殖率,提高抗体水平。黄芪多糖在一定剂量下对氟苯尼考诱导的免疫抑制小鼠有一定的保护作用。     

不同供水条件下玉米耐旱生理特性比较

【研究目的】研究了玉米耐旱生理特性,为玉米耐旱品种选育提供依据。【方法】试验以玉米品种正大619、农大108为材料,分别在间隔4天、8天、12天、16天灌一次水的不同水分处理条件下,分析玉米叶片叶绿素、脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)的含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性。【结果】结果表明:随着水分胁迫程度加大,玉米叶片脯氨酸的含量、MDA含量和POD活性呈现不同程度的增加,而叶绿素含量和SOD活性则随着水分胁迫程度加大而降低。且敏感型品种农大108的变化明显强于抗旱型的正大619。【结论】脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)的含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性可以作为玉米耐旱品种选育参考。     

The Effect of Arbutin on Mice Brain Cells after Ischemia-reperfusion Injury

[Objective]To study the effect of the Chinese traditional medicine arbutin on brain cells after ischemia-reperfusion injury and provide a theoretical foundation for its clinical application. [Methods]Forty Kunming mice were randomly divided into four groups,namely the blank group,the ischemia-reperfusion group,the chemoprophylaxis group and the medication group. The cerebral ischemia-reprefusion model,made according to the principle of brain damage caused by ischemia,was stained with TTC and HE to observe cells' morphological changes.SOD activity,MDA content and GSH-Px activity in brain tissues were tested. [Results]Compared with the ischemia-reperfusion group,necrosis of ischemia areas stained by TTC in the chemoprophylaxis group and the medication group was less obvious. HE staining showed the alleviation of cells damage. The enhancement of SOD activity and that of GSH-Px activity showed significant differences. MDA content was reduced(P 0.05 for both). [Conclusions]Arbutin had antioxidant properties which can effectively prevent and protect brain cells from damage.     

The Antioxidation of Proanthocyanidins from in Rhodiola rosea L.

[Objective]To discuss the antioxidation of proanthocyanidins( OPCRR) in Rhodiola rosea L. [Methods]By establishing peroxide injury model of ICR mice induced by D-gal,intragastric administration of mice was carried out for continuous 49 d. Then,80,160 and 320( BW) mg/kg OPCRR were added into low-,middle- and high-dosage groups,respectively. The SOD,GSH,GSH-Px and MDA in serum,heart,liver and brain tissues and the MAO in liver and brain tissues were investigated. [Results] Compared with model control group,OPCRR at certain dosage could significantly enhance the SOD and GSH-Px activities of mice serum,heat,liver and brain tissues,and obviously reduced the MDA content. And high-dosage group was the most prominent. In high-dosage group,SOD activities of serum,heart,liver and brain tissues enhanced by 29. 5%,28. 1%,62. 7% and 90. 8%,respectively; GSH-Px activities enhanced by 67. 8%,58. 4%,32. 1% and50. 3%,respectively; MDA contents reduced by 19. 2%,30. 0%,33. 3% and 19. 2%. Besides,middle- and high-dosage groups showed extremely significant effects on reducing the brain MAO activity( P 0. 01),which decreased by 22. 3% and 28. 6%,respectively. High-dosage group significantly reduced the liver MAO activity( P 0. 05) by 36. 5%. [Conclusions] OPCRR protected the organism in different degrees,antagonized peroxidation injury induced by D-gal,and prevented from aging.     

Effects of Mango Seed Kernels on Mice with Kidney-Yang Deficiency and Oligoasthenospermia

[Objective] To discuss the effects of mango seed kernels on mice with kidney-Yang deficiency and oligoasthenospermia.[Methods]Mice model with kindey-Yang deficiency was established by intramuscular hydrocortisone,so as to observe the effects of mango seed kernels on swimming time,viscera index and freeze resistance capability of mice with kindey-Yang deficiency. The mice model with oligoasthenospermia was established by administration of tripterygium glycosides,so as to observe the effects of mango seed kernels on sperm quality of mice with oligoasthenospermia. [Results]Mango seed kernels could improve the swimming time,viscera index and freeze resistance capability of mice with kindey-Yang deficiency. Besides,mango seed kernels could enhance the sperm density,sperm survival rate,sperm motility,and reduce the malformation rate of mice with oligoasthenospermia. [Conclusions] Mango seed kernels had the function of tonifying kidney-Yang and showed certain therapeutical effects on oligoasthenotspermia.     

金樱子多糖对小鼠急性药物肝损伤的保护作用

为探讨金樱子多糖对CCl4所致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。建立CCl4诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤模型,分光光度法检测丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、丙二醛(MDA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH2Px)的活性。结果表明：高剂量的金樱子多糖可显著降低CCl4所致急性肝损伤小鼠的肝脏指数(P<0.05)和脾脏指数(P<0.01);中、高剂量的金樱子多糖可显著降低CCl4所致急性肝损伤小鼠血清ALT、AST、ALP活性(P<0.01)和肝组织MDA含量(P<0.01),提高肝组织ALT、AST、ALP活性(P<0.01)和GSH-Px、SOD活性（P<0.01或P<0.05）,并增加GSH的含量(P<0.01)。金樱子多糖对CCl4所致小鼠急性肝损伤具有一定的保护作用。