微卫星标记与考力代羊体重体尺性状遗传关系研究

本试验用单标记法研究考力代绵羊1号染色体ILSTS004~CSSM004和BM6506~MCM130之间的12个微卫星位点ILSTS004、MCMA008、MNS0094、CSSM004、BM6505、BMS4008、CSRD0298、TGLA415、BM8246、RM0509、URB0038、MCM0130,与其绵羊初生重、断奶重、体重(8月龄)、体高、体长、胸围、管围的遗传关系,结果ILSTS004位点不同基因型对初生重影响极显著(P<0·01)、对体重影响显著(P<0·05),CSSM004位点对体长影响显著(P<0·05),其余位点对体重等性状无显著影响(P>0·05)。其中,ILSTS004位点:基因型101099个体的初生重显著高于基因型095093(P<0·05),基因型101099个体的体重显著高于基因型103103(P<0·05);CSSM004基因型196196个体的体长显著大于基因型202202(P<0·05)。提示在1号染色体微卫星位点ILSTS004附近可能存在影响绵羊初生重、体重的数量性状位点(QTL),ILSTS004可作为其遗传标记之一;在CSSM004附近可能存在影响体长的QTL,CSSM004可作为其遗传标记之一。     

滩羊12个微卫星基因座遗传多态性研究

滩羊是我国优良的地方绵羊品种,开展滩羊微卫星标记和体重性状之间的相关性研究有利于建立基于分子标记的新育种体系。利用与绵羊体重主效基因高度连锁的12个微卫星标记(BL1080、BM6506、BM7145、BMS2263、BMS678、ILSTS004、ILSTS30、MCM58、BMS1591、BMS1636、CSSM004、MCM130),对51只滩羊进行了遗传检测。应用琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测微卫星的PCR扩增产物,计算12个微卫星基因座的等位基因频率、多态信息含量、基因纯合度和杂合度。结果表明,所选择的12个微卫星位点均为高度多态基因座,其中,BMS1636的遗传变异最大,BL1080的遗传变异最小。研究结果为滩羊种质特性研究提供了基础数据。     

陶赛特羊Carwell基因微卫星标记多态性与体重和体尺指标的相关性分析

据相关研究报道,在澳洲无角陶赛特羊18号染色体末端微卫星标记CSSM18和TGLA122之间的区域有控制其肌肉生长发育的Callipyge和Canvell基因。研究选择了微卫星标记CSSMl8和TGLAl22之间的TGLA122、LS33、ILSTS54、MCMA26四个微卫星标记,测定了新疆引进的澳洲无角陶赛特羊所产后代163只羔羊早期生长发育性状指标,采用PCR—SSCP技术检测了上述4个标记在研究群体中的多态性,分析了研究群体中4个微卫星标记不同基因型与早期生长发育性状的相关性。结果显示：微卫星标记TGLA122的杂合度0．4301,多态信息含量0．2733,有效等位基因数1．3761;微卫星标记MCMA26的杂合度0．4824,多态信息含量0．3660,有效等位基因数1．577O;微卫星标记LS33的杂合度0．3283,多态信息含量0．2744,有效等位基因数1．3780。微卫星标记TGLA122的3种基因型（AA／BB／AB）对90日龄母羔臀宽影响显著（P〈0．05）,对其他生长指标均无显著影响;微卫星标记MCMA26的3种基因型（GG／Tr／GT）对60日龄母羔胸围和臀宽有显著影响,对其他生长指标均无显著影响;微卫星标记LS33的2种基因型（EE／EF）个体的体重和体尺均无显著性差异;微卫星标记ILSTS54在该群体中无多态性。     

湘东黑山羊BM1329微卫星标记的遗传多态性研究

利用经筛选的绵羊微卫星引物BM1329,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳,对湘东黑山羊的BM1329微卫星基因座进行了多态性检测.结果表明:该基因座有8个等位基因,其片段大小在175bp～215bp之间,计算了该基因座各等位基因频率、基因型频率及其平均基因杂合度(0.8305)、多态信息含量(0.8090)和有效等位基因数(5.9001).说明在湘东黑山羊中微卫星标记BM1329基因座具有丰富的遗传多态性.     

绵羊微卫星标记与部分毛用性状的关系研究

根据GenBank在绵羊1、6号染色体上选取了14个微卫星基因座，对被测绵羊群体所有的表型数据资料按基因型分组进行方差分析和多重比较，得出结论：ILSTS004、OarAE101、OarJMP8和BM1434个微卫星标记可以对羊毛自然长度性状进行标记；BM1824，BM6438和BM6506可以对羊毛细度进行标记。在绵羊6号染色体上的OarAE101、BM143和OarJMP83个位点之间或附近存在控制羊毛自然长度的QTLs；在绵羊第1号染色体的BM1824，BM6438和BM6506区域可能存在控制羊毛细度的QTLs。     

奶牛微卫星基因座与产奶性能及体尺性状相关性的研究

研究选择了3个微卫星DNA基因座UWCA9、IDVGA-2和BM3413,对54头荷斯坦奶牛进行产奶性能及体尺性状的相关分析。通过最小二乘分析,结果表明:3个微卫星基因座对体重、体斜长及管围影响不显著(P>0.05),对产奶量及胸围影响显著(P<0.05),BM3413和IDVGA-2基因座对体高影响显著(P<0.05),UWCA9基因座对体高影响极显著(P<0.01)。     

湘东黑山羊BM1329微卫星标记的遗传多态性研究

利用经筛选的绵羊微卫星引物BM1329,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳,对湘东黑山羊的BM1329微卫星基因座进行了多态性检测。结果表明:该基因座有8个等位基因,其片段大小在175bp~215bp之间,计算了该基因座各等位基因频率、基因型频率及其平均基因杂合度(0.8305)、多态信息含量(0.8090)和有效等位基因数(5.9001)。说明在湘东黑山羊中微卫星标记BM1329基因座具有丰富的遗传多态性。     

Callipyge侧翼微卫星DNA多态性与道赛特肉羊后臀发育相关性研究

试验从callipyge侧翼选取与道赛特肉羊后臀发育可能存在关系的5个微卫星基因座进行PCR扩增,计算群体遗传参数,并分析微卫星DNA多态性与肉羊后臀发育的相关性.结果表明:基因座OY3、MCMA26、UWCA4、TGLA122、BM3413对道赛特羊的后臀发育有显著影响(P＜0.05);同时也发现了一些与道赛特肉羊后臀发育紧密相关的等位基因.     

小尾寒羊产羔性状的微卫星标记研究

选用位于绵羊第6号染色体上与多胎基因(FecB)紧密连锁的微卫星OarAE101、BM1329、BM143和OarHH55以及位于第4号染色体上的OarHH35对小尾寒羊的产羔性状进行标记研究,结果发现5个微卫星基因座在小尾寒羊的PIC都达到了高度多态(PIC>0 5)水平。5个微卫星基因座标记小尾寒羊的产羔性状,以OarAE101效果最好,找到了6个显著标记;其次为BM1329,找到了4个显著标记;BM143和OarHH35分别找到了2个和3个显著标记;在OarHH55基因座上没有找到显著标记。以上所产生的15个显著标记中,与产羔数有极显著正相关(P<0 01)的标记有5个,其相关大小顺序依次为OarAE101的等位基因113bp、BM143的基因型118bp/106bp、OarHH35的等位基因139bp、OarAE101的等位基因103bp和OarAE101的基因型113bp/103bp;与产羔数呈显著正相关(P<0 05)的标记有2个,其相关大小顺序依次为OarHH35的基因型139bp/127bp、BM1329等位基因170bp;与产羔数呈极显著负相关(P<0 01)的标记有4个,其负相关强弱顺序依次为OarAE101基因型111bp/101bp、OarAE101的等位基因111bp、BM1329的等位基因168bp、OarAE101的等位基因101bp;与产羔数呈显著负相关(P<0 05)的标记有4个,其负相关强弱顺序依次为BM143等位基因116bp、BM1329的等位基因186bp、BM1329基因型186bp/168bp、Oa     

微卫星标记BM1329在湘东黑山羊中的遗传多态性研究

利用经筛选的绵羊微卫星引物BM1329,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳,对湘东黑山羊的BM1329微卫星基因座进行了多态性检测。结果表明:该基因座有8个等位基因,其片段大小在175bp-215bp之间,计算了该基因座各等位基因频率、基因型频率及其平均基因杂合度(0.8305)、多态信息含量(0.8090)和有效等位基因数(5.9001)。说明在湘东黑山羊中微卫星标记BM1329基因座具有丰富的遗传多态性,可用于山羊遗传多态性的评估,也为山羊的选育、保存和利用提供了一定的科学理论依据。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.