饲粮中添加蚯蚓发酵液对安义瓦灰鸡生长性能、肌肉品质、肠道长度及粪便成分的影响

选取320只120日龄安义瓦灰鸡,随机分为4组(每组8个重复,每个重复10只).对照组饲喂基础饲粮(Ⅰ组),试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ在基础日粮中分别添加2.5,5.0,7.5 μL/g蚯蚓发酵液,试验期42 d.结果 表明:各组安义瓦灰鸡的终末体质量、平均日采食量及平均日增体质量均无显著性差异(P＞0.05),试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的料重...     

日粮中添加α-硫辛酸对家兔生长性能、血清免疫、抗氧化指标及肉品质的影响

为了研究日粮中添加不同比例的α-硫辛酸对家兔生长性能、血清免疫、抗氧化指标及肉品质的影响,试验选取体重相近的35日龄家兔240只,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复20只,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加200,400,600 mg/kg的α-硫辛酸,预试期5 d,正试期35 d,测定其生长指标、血清免疫与抗氧化指标及肉品质指标。结果表明：试验Ⅱ组平均日增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组的料重比显著低于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。试验Ⅱ组的血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组的血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);三个试验组丙二醛(MDA)含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组的屠宰后24 h...     

乳酸菌素对肉鸡血清生化指标和抗氧化功能的影响

本试验旨在探讨乳酸菌素对肉鸡血清生化指标和抗氧化功能的影响。300只1日龄肉鸡随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复15只。Ⅰ组为空白对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;Ⅱ组为抗生素对照组;Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加50、100、200 mg/kg乳酸菌素的试验饲粮。试验期70 d,分别在肉鸡28日龄和70日龄时采样,计算料重比,并检测各组中血液生化指标和抗氧化功能各项指标。结果表明:1)与Ⅰ组比较,试验1～28 dⅡ～Ⅴ组肉鸡增重显著升高(P<0.05),料重比显著降低(P<0.05);1～70 dⅡ组和Ⅳ组肉鸡增重显著升高(P<0.05),Ⅱ～Ⅴ组料重比显著降低(P<0.05),Ⅳ组最低,显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)各组肉鸡血清尿素氮含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。Ⅱ～Ⅴ组28日龄肉鸡血清总胆固醇含量和70日龄肉鸡血清碱性磷酸酶活性均极显著或显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.01或P<0.05);Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组28日龄肉鸡血清总蛋白含量均显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);各组70日龄肉鸡血清总胆固醇和总蛋白含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组之间上述各血清生化指标均差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)28日龄时,Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组肉鸡血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅴ组(P<0.05),但与Ⅲ组差异不显著(P>0.05);Ⅱ～Ⅴ组肉鸡血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)均极显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.01),但组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。70日龄时,Ⅱ～Ⅳ组肉鸡血清SOD活性和T-AOC均显著或极显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05或P<0.01),但组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。可见,饲粮中添加乳酸菌素可改善肉鸡生长性能,提高其抗氧化功能,以添加100 mg/kg乳酸菌素效果最佳。     

饲粮锌水平对育成期水貂生长性能及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮锌水平对育成期水貂生长性能及血清生化指标的影响。选取60日龄健康雄性水貂75只,随机分为5组,每组15个重复,每个重复为1只水貂,各组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0(Ⅰ组)、50(Ⅱ组)、100(Ⅲ组)、300(Ⅳ组)、600 mg/kg(Ⅴ组)锌的试验饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:1)60、75、90、105和120日龄时各组之间体重差异不显著(P>0.05);76~90日龄时Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组平均日增重显著高于Ⅰ和Ⅱ组(P<0.05);106~120日龄时Ⅲ组平均日增重显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅴ组(P<0.05)。2)Ⅳ组血清白蛋白含量显著高于Ⅰ和Ⅱ组(P<0.05);Ⅳ组血清总蛋白和球蛋白含量显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅴ组(P<0.05);Ⅳ组血清免疫球蛋白A含量显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组(P<0.05);Ⅳ组血清免疫球蛋白G含量显著高于Ⅴ组(P<0.05);各组血清免疫球蛋白M含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)Ⅰ和Ⅱ组血清尿素氮含量显著高于Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组(P<0.05);Ⅲ和Ⅳ组血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶活性显著高于Ⅰ和Ⅴ组(P<0.05)。4)Ⅲ、Ⅳ组血清碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于Ⅰ和Ⅴ组(P<0.05);各组血清乳酸脱氢酶活性无显著差异(P>0.05)。5)Ⅴ组血清锌含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);Ⅴ组血清磷含量显著低于Ⅰ和Ⅱ组(P<0.05);各组血清钙含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加100 mg/kg的锌能够有效提高育成期水貂的生长性能,而饲粮中添加300 mg/kg的锌血清中蛋白质相关指标含量及锌相关酶活性最高,有利于提高水貂机体免疫力。     

肉种鸡饲粮添加肌苷酸对生长后期子代肉鸡生长性能及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究肉种鸡饲粮中添加不同水平肌苷酸(IMP)对生长后期(22~42日龄)子代生长性能和血清生化指标的影响。试验选取遗传背景相同、体重相近的20周龄健康爱拔益加(Arbor Acres)肉种鸡480只,随机分为4组,Ⅰ组(基础日粮)、Ⅱ组(基础日粮+0.2%肌苷酸)、Ⅲ组(基础日粮+0.5%肌苷酸)和Ⅳ组(基础日粮+1%肌苷酸)。子代肉鸡根据肉种鸡饲粮中肌苷酸添加情况相应分为Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组,每组6个重复,每个重复80只,子代肉鸡仅饲喂基础日粮,试验期为子代肉鸡22~42日龄。结果显示:与Ⅰ组相比,22~42日龄子代肉鸡各组生长性能无显著差异(P>0.05);在子代肉鸡42日龄时,与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组子代肉鸡血清中总蛋白(TP)的含量显著提高(P<0.05);与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组血清中低密度脂蛋白(LDL-c)含量显著提高(P<0.05);与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组血清中甘油三酯(TG)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。以上结果表明,肉种鸡饲粮中添加肌苷酸对子代生长性能无显著影响,但饲粮中添加0.2%肌苷酸可显著提高生长后期子代血清中TP的含量,降低TG的含量,添加0.5%和1%肌苷酸可显著提高生长后期子代血清中LDL-c含量,且添加1%肌苷酸可显著提高TP含量。     

γ-氨基丁酸对肉雏鸡生产性能和血清生化指标的影响

为研究日粮中不同添加剂量γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对肉雏鸡生长性能和血清生化指标的影响,将500只1日龄三黄羽肉雏鸡随机分为5组(每组100羽),其中对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别在日粮中添加5、30、50和70 mg/kg的GABA,统计试验全期(1～42日龄)的生长性能指标,并测定21和42日龄血清生化指标。结果显示:试验Ⅳ组体重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);试验Ⅳ组平均日增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);各组间平均日采食量差异不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅱ组料重比显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结果提示:日粮中添加GABA可以增加肉雏鸡的体重、提高平均日增重、降低平均日采食量;肉雏鸡血清生化指标不受GABA的影响;日粮中推荐添加30 mg/kg的GABA。     

不同比例葡萄籽饲粮对生长猪生长性能、血清生化指标、抗氧化性能和粪便微生物组成的影响北大核心CSCD

本试验旨在研究饲粮中不同葡萄籽添加比例对生长猪生长性能、血清生化指标、抗氧化性能和粪便微生物组成的影响。试验选取体重相近的80头健康的杜×长×大三元杂交生长猪,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复5头。对照组(Ⅰ组)饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,Ⅱ、Ⅱ、Ⅰ、Ⅳ组分别在饲粮中添加2%、5%和8%的葡萄籽,试验期28 d。结果表明:与Ⅰ组相比,1)Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组生长猪的平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比无显著差异(P>0.05);2)第14天,Ⅲ组血清尿素氮含量显著降低(P<0.05),第28天,Ⅱ组血清甘油三酯含量显著降低(P<0.05);3)第14天,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性和Ⅲ、Ⅳ组血清过氧化氢酶活性显著降低(P<0.05);第28天,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组血清总抗氧化能力显著降低(P<0.05);4)第14天,Ⅲ组土胞杆菌属(Terrisporobacter)的相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组毛螺旋菌科UCG-010(Lachnospiraceae_UCG-010)相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅲ组泰氏菌属(Tissierella)相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05)。第28天,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组链球菌属(Streptococcus)和乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05),普雷沃氏菌属(Prevotella)相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05)。综上所述,在生长猪饲粮中添加2%~8%的葡萄籽对其生长性能、粪便微生物的多样性无显著影响,能一定程度上影响其抗氧化性能并提高生长猪对脂质和蛋白质的利用率,显著降低粪便中Streptococcuss的相对丰度,提高Prevotella的相对丰度。     

半胱胺螯合锌对育肥猪免疫性能、抗氧化能力、血清生化指标及肠道微生物的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中不同添加量的半胱胺螯合锌(Zn-CS)对育肥猪免疫性能、抗氧化能力、血清生化指标及肠道微生物的影响。选取90头体重为(64.67±1.15)kg的健康育肥猪,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复(圈)6头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组,分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加60、90、120、150 mg/kg Zn-CS的试验饲粮。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量显著提高(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组血清丙二醛含量显著降低(P<0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组血清总抗氧化能力显著提高(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,Ⅱ组血清生长激素含量显著提高(P<0.05),Ⅱ组血清生长抑素含量显著降低(P<0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组血清胰岛素含量显著提高(P<0.05)。4)各组在门水平上相对丰度超过1%的优势菌门有厚壁菌门、变形菌门、拟杆菌门,各组在属水平上相对丰度超过1%的优势菌属有梭菌属、肠杆菌属、Romboutsia、Turicibacter、Terrisporobacter、放线菌属。由此可见,饲粮中添加Zn-CS能够提高育肥猪免疫性能与抗氧化能力。在本试验条件下,建议Zn-CS在育肥猪饲粮中的适宜添加量为120 mg/kg。     

发酵构树饲料对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中不同比例发酵构树饲料对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响。试验选取35日龄、体重为(7.4±1.1)kg的健康断奶仔猪216头,随机分为Ⅰ(对照)、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组,每组3个重复,每个重复18头仔猪。其中,Ⅰ组饲喂基础饲粮;Ⅱ组饲喂3%发酵构树饲料+97%基础饲粮;Ⅲ组饲喂6%发酵构树饲料+94%基础饲粮;Ⅳ组饲喂9%发酵构树饲料+91%基础饲粮。预试期5 d,正试期25 d。结果表明:1)与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组断奶仔猪的腹泻率显著降低(P<0.05),各组间平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)和料重比(F/G)无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、钙(Ca)和磷(P)表观消化率均显著降低(P<0.05)。3)Ⅲ组血清总胆固醇(TC)含量较Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ组显著降低(P<0.05);各组间其他血清生化指标无显著差异(P>0.05)。4)各组间血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中不同比例发酵构树饲料可以显著降低断奶仔猪的腹泻率,未对生长性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化指标产生不利影响,其中6%的替代比例效果最佳。     

葡萄糖氧化酶对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化功能及养分消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加不同水平葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化功能及养分消化率的影响。试验选取28日龄断奶仔猪150头[平均体重(8.41±0.06)kg],随机分为5个组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头,公母各占1/2。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组~Ⅳ组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加120、180、240和300 U/kg葡萄糖氧化酶的试验饲粮。试验期30 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,添加葡萄糖氧化酶对仔猪末重、平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)及料重比(F/G)无显著影响(P0.05),试验Ⅱ组腹泻率显著降低(P0.05)。2)试验Ⅳ组仔猪血清白蛋白(ALB)含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),试验Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组血清尿素氮(UN)含量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。3)试验Ⅱ组血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于试验Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组(P0.05),试验Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著性低于对照组和试验Ⅳ组(P0.05)。4)试验Ⅱ组仔猪干物质消化率显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P0.05),试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组仔猪粗蛋白质消化率显著高于对照组(P0.05),试验Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组仔猪总能消化率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。综上,断奶仔猪饲粮中添加葡萄糖氧化酶可改善仔猪血清抗氧化功能,降低腹泻率,促进机体对蛋白质、糖和脂质代谢与消化吸收,从而提高生长性能,建议添加量为180 U/kg。     

Comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, and Shorthorn breeds for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and condition score of cows

Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size.     

Supplementation of broodmares with copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium

In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum.     

Concentrations of strontium,barium, cadmium,copper, zinc,manganese, chromium,antimony, selenium,and lead in the liver and kidneys of dogs according to age,gender, and the occurrence of chronic kidney disease

This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb) in canine liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla, and the association of these concentrations with age, gender, and occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tissues from 50 dogs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cu, Zn, and Mn levels were highest in the liver followed by the renal cortex and renal medulla. The highest Sr, Cd, and Se concentrations were measured in the renal cortex while lower levels were found in the renal medulla and liver. Female dogs had higher tissue concentrations of Sr (liver and renal medulla), Cd (liver), Zn (liver and renal cortex), Cr (liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla), and Pb (liver) than male animals. Except for Mn and Sb, age-dependent variations were observed for all element concentrations in the canine tissues. Hepatic Cd and Cr concentrations were higher in dogs with CKD. In conclusion, the present results provide new knowledge about the storage of specific elements in canine liver and kidneys, and can be considered important reference data for diagnostic methods and further investigations.     

电感耦合等离子-质谱法测定饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅

应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

Granulocyte isolation from whole blood of goat, sheep, cattle, horse, dog, pig, and man

A simple two step procedure for the isolation of caprine, ovine, bovine, equine, canine, porcine and human peripheral blood granulocytes is described. After enrichment of granulocytes by centrifugation, contaminating erythrocytes are lysed hypotonically. Recovery, purity, and viability of the granulocyte suspensions are determined. FACScan analysis of the cell suspensions measuring cellular size by forward and sideward light scatter is compared with the corresponding analysis of whole blood leukocytes. Constituencies of the isolated cell suspensions and loss of granulocyte subpopulations through isolation procedure is discussed with regard to granulocyte function assays.     

Department of Clinical Veterinary Practices, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4

Circular excised skin wounds in the thoracic and metatarsal regions of the dog were studied. A similar sequence of events took place in the two regions although differences did occur due to the different reactions of the tissues which surrounded the wounds. None of the wound cavities became filled with exudate during the early stages of healing. In the thoracic wounds the cavities were largely filled by the swelling and inward movement of adipose tissue. Epithelium first grew on the wound surface in the sector of the wound that was situated in the direction of hair flow. The average time to complete epithelization was similar in both sets of wounds. A zone of alopecia developed around the wounds.