外源添加谷氨酰胺对肉仔鸡生长性能反抗氧化指标的影响

选1日龄Avian肉仔鸡360羽,随机分成4组,试验组日粮分别添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%谷氨酰胺(Glutamine,Gln).对照组饲喂基础日粮,于42日龄进行屠宰取样,测定各项指标,结果表明:与对照组相比,添加0.5%谷氨酰胺组的日采食量和日增重均显著提高(P<0.05),试验各组的料重比都有所下降,但差异不显著;1.0%Gln组胸肌中MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05),各试验组胸肌中SOD活力有升高的趋势;0.5%和1.0%Gln组血清中S0D和GSH-Px活力显著提高(P<0.05).说明饲粮中添加Gln有提高肉仔鸡生长性能和抗氧化能力的趋势,综合分析0.5%Gln添加组效果最佳.     

外源添加谷氨酰胺对肉仔鸡生长性能及抗氧化指标的影响

选1日龄Avian肉仔鸡360羽,随机分成4组,试验组日粮分别添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%谷氨酰胺(Glutamine,Gln),对照组饲喂基础日粮,于42日龄进行屠宰取样,测定各项指标,结果表明:与对照组相比,添加0.5%谷氨酰胺组的日采食量和日增重均显著提高(P<0.05),试验各组的料重比都有所下降,但差异不显著;1.0%Gln组胸肌中MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05),各试验组胸肌中SOD活力有升高的趋势;0.5%和1.0%Gln组血清中SOD和GSH-Px活力显著提高(P<0.05)。说明饲粮中添加Gln有提高肉仔鸡生长性能和抗氧化能力的趋势,综合分析0.5%Gln添加组效果最佳。     

日粮中添加谷氨酰胺对肉仔鸡肉品质和抗氧化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究外源添加谷氨酰胺(Gln)对肉仔鸡肉品质的影响,并对肌肉中风味物质和抗氧化指标进行分析,探讨其对肉质的影响机理.选用1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡360羽,随机分成4组(每组6个重复,每个重复15羽),对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂在基础日粮中分别添加了0.5%、1.0%、1.5%谷氨酰胺的试验日粮.于42日龄进行屠宰取样,测定各项指标.结果表明,与对照组相比,各试验组鸡的肌肉系水力和pH均有所提高(P>0.05),皮脂厚和肌间脂肪宽度有所降低(P>0.05);肌肉中胶原蛋白含量显著增加(P<0.05);胸肌中必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量都显著增加(P<0.05),谷氨酸和苯丙氨酸含量亦显著增加(P<0.05);1.0%和1.5%添加组肌苷酸含量有所提高(P>0.05);1.0%Gln组胸肌中丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05),各试验组胸肌中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力有升高的趋势(P>0.05);0.5%和1.0%Gln组血清中SOD和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力显著提高(P<0.05).以上表明,日粮添加Gln可改善肉仔鸡肉品质,提高鸡肉的鲜味和抗氧化能力,以0.5%的Gln添加量效果最佳.     

谷氨酰胺对黄羽肉鸡生长、抗氧化力及肉品质的影响

试验选择240只42 d健康的黄羽肉鸡(母),随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只,分别饲喂添加0%、0.4%、0.7%和1.0%谷氨酰胺(Gln)的饲粮,试验期28 d,研究外源Gln对黄羽肉鸡后期生长、抗氧化力及肉品质的影响。结果表明:随着饲粮Gln添加水平的提高,56～70 d和42～70 d的耗料增重比线性降低,1.0%Gln组的耗料增重比显著低于0%组(P0.05);70 d的血清、肝脏、胸肌和腿肌GSH-Px活力呈线性提高,0.4%、0.7%和1.0%Gln组的肝脏GSH-Px活力显著高于0%组(P0.05),0.7%和1.0%Gln组的血清和胸肌GSH-Px活力显著高于0%组(P0.05),1.0%Gln组的腿肌GSH-Px活力显著高于0%组(P0.05);70 d的血清、肝脏、胸肌和腿肌MDA含量以线性方式降低,0.4%、0.7%和1.0%Gln组的肝脏MDA含量显著低于0%组(P0.05),0.7%和1.0%Gln组的血清和胸肌MDA含量显著低于0%组(P0.05),1.0%Gln组的腿肌MDA含量显著低于0%组(P0.05);70 d的胸肌和腿肌滴水损失以线性方式降低,。0.4%、0.7%和1.0%Gln组胸肌和0.7%和1.0%Gln组腿肌滴水损失显著低于0%组(P0.05);70 d的胸肌pH24h以二次曲线方式提高和腿肌的pH24 h以线性方式提高,0.7%和1.0%Gln组腿肌pH24 h值显著高于0%组(P0.05)。提示,添加0.7%～1.0%Gln能改善黄羽肉鸡后期饲料利用率,提高机体抗氧化力,改善肉品质。     

添加不同水平有机硒对红羽肉鸡生长和饲料报酬的影响

本试验通过研究蛋氨酸硒(Se-Met)对红羽肉仔鸡生产性能、饲料报酬的影响来探讨红羽肉仔鸡有机硒(蛋氨酸硒)的适宜添加量.选择1日龄红羽肉雏鸡180只,分为4组,分别饲喂在玉米-豆粕型基础日粮中分别添加蛋氨酸硒0、0.1、0.3、0.5 mg/kg的试验日粮.试验结果表明:在0～21日龄,0.1 mg/kg的蛋氨酸硒添加量效果最好,可提高日增重17.29%;不同蛋氨酸硒添加水平对红羽肉仔鸡胴体特性无显著影响(P＞0.05);可显著提高红羽内仔鸡的胸肌率与腿肌率(P＜0.05),降低红羽肉鸡的皮下脂肪厚与肌间脂肪宽.     

谷氨酰胺对AA肉鸡屠宰性能及肉品质性状的影响

本文旨在研究日粮中添加谷氨酰胺(Gln)对AA肉鸡屠宰性能及肉品质性状的影响。选择28日龄健康的爱拨益加(AA)肉鸡120只(♀),随机分成4组,每组30只,A组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,B、C和D组为试验组,分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加0.4%、0.7%和1.0%Gln的日粮,试验期14 d,试验结束每组随机抽取10只肉鸡屠宰测定屠宰性能及肉品质性状指标。结果表明:日粮中添加Gln对AA肉鸡的屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率和皮下脂肪厚无显著影响,有提高熟肉率、宰后肌肉pH值的趋势,D组腹脂率显著降低(P<0.05),B组和C组胸肌滴水损失显著降低(P<0.05),C组和D组腿肌滴水损失显著降低(P<0.05)。结果提示在AA肉鸡日粮中添加Gln对屠宰性能和肉品质性状有改善作用。     

母体日粮低能量对后代肉仔鸡生长性能、胴体品质和肉质的影响

本文旨在研究母体日粮低能量对后代肉仔鸡生长性能、胴体品质及肉质的影响.试验选用低脂系肉种鸡120羽,随机分成2组,每组60个重复,每个重复1羽,即单笼饲养.在肉种鸡产蛋期产蛋率达到5%进行试验处理,试验分试验组和对照组,试验组代谢能量为对照组的80%孵化后的肉仔鸡按照母体不同能量处理各挑选健康仔鸡,在相同的试验条件下进行饲养,试验期为56 d.结果表明:1)与对照组相比,母体日粮低能量有降低1日龄肉仔鸡体重的趋势,对全期日增重和料重比影响不显著(P＞0.05);2)与对照组相比,母体日粮低能量对后代肉仔鸡胸肌和腿肌的水分、脂肪和蛋白质含量,胸肌率和腹脂率均无显著影响(P＞0.05),但显著增加腿肌率(P＜0.05);3)与对照组相比,母体日粮低能量对后代肉仔鸡胸肌和腿肌的pH、红度、黄度、滴水损失和蒸煮损失均无显著影响(P＞0.05),但pH、红度和黄度值有升高趋势,滴水损失和蒸煮损失有降低趋势,胸肌和腿肌剪切力显著降低(P＜0.05);4)与对照组相比,母体日粮低能量显著提高后代肉仔鸡胸肌和腿肌肌纤维密度(P＜0.05),显著降低后代肉仔鸡胸肌和腿肌肌纤维直径(P＜0.05).本试验的研究结果表明:母体日粮低能量对后代肉仔鸡的胴体品质及肉质能产生一定的影响.     

种鸡及子代肉仔鸡饲粮添加外源肌苷酸对子代肉仔鸡生长性能、肉品质及相关基因表达的影响

本试验旨在研究种鸡及子代肉仔鸡饲粮添加外源肌苷酸(IMP)对子代肉仔鸡生长性能、肉品质及相关基因表达的影响。选取遗传背景相同、体重相近、产蛋率达到5%的20周龄健康爱拔益加(AA)种鸡864羽,随机分为2组,每组6个重复,每个重复72羽。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加0.5%肌苷酸,试验期30 d。试验结束前1周,母鸡产蛋率到达高峰期,连续收集7 d种蛋,共3 700枚种蛋孵化,孵化结束后,依据母代分组情况,选取孵化所得1日龄健康子代肉仔鸡3 000羽,分成4组,分别记为II(母代饲喂基础饲粮+0.5%肌苷酸,子代饲喂基础饲粮+0.5%肌苷酸)、IN(母代饲喂基础饲粮+0.5%肌苷酸,子代饲喂基础饲粮)、NI(母代饲喂基础饲粮,子代饲喂基础饲粮+0.5%肌苷酸)和NN组(母代饲喂基础饲粮,子代饲喂基础饲粮),每组6个重复,每个重复125羽。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)与NN组相比,II、IN和NI组子代肉仔鸡的平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比均无显著差异(P0.05)。2)与NN组相比,II、IN和NI组子代肉仔鸡胸肌率和腿肌率均无显著差异(P0.05);II组腹脂率显著高于NI组(P0.05)。3)与NN组相比,II、IN和NI组子代肉仔鸡胸肌、腿肌的红度(a*)和黄度(b*)值均无显著差异(P0.05),II组胸肌的亮度(L*)值显著降低(P0.05);IN和NI组胸肌和腿肌pH45 min显著提高(P0.05),IN和NI组胸肌pH24 h显著提高(P0.05),II、IN和NI组腿肌pH24 h显著升高(P0.05)。4)与NN组相比,II、IN和NI组21和42日龄胸肌和腿肌的谷氨酰胺磷酸核糖焦磷酸酰胺转移酶(GPAT)基因相对表达量没有显著差异(P0.05),21日龄NI组胸肌和IN组腿肌的腺苷琥珀酸裂解酶(ADSL)基因相对表达量显著提高(P0.05),42日龄II和IN组胸肌的ADSL基因相对表达量显著提高(P0.05)。以上结果提示,种鸡及子代肉仔鸡饲粮添加外源肌苷酸对子代肉仔鸡生长性能、屠宰性能无显著影响;能够提高肌肉pH,降低胸肌L*值,提高胸肌ADSL基因表达量,在一定程度上能够提高子代肉仔鸡肉品质。     

谷氨酰胺对AA肉鸡生产性能、肌肉品质及H-FABP基因表达的影响

旨在研究日粮中外源添加谷氨酰胺(Glutamine,Glu)对AA肉公鸡生产性能、胴体性状、肌肉品质、肌苷酸含量和H-FABP mRNA表达水平的影响.采用单因子完全随机设计,将240只1d的雄性AA肉仔鸡随机均分为4组(A、B、C和D),分别在基础日粮中添加0、0.2％、0.4％和0.8％水平的谷氨酰胺,21和42 d时测定并计算日增体质量、日采食量和料重比 ;42 d时屠宰,测定其剪切力、滴水损失和色度(L*、a*和b*) ;计算屠宰率、全净膛率、半净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率和腹脂率 ;取胸肌和腿肌,用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定肌苷酸含量,利用RT-PCR技术检测H-FABP mRNA表达水平的变化.B组可显著提高AA肉鸡的平均日增体质量和平均日采食量(P＜0.05),显著增加胸肌、腿肌的肌苷酸含量和H-FABP mRNA的表达水平(P＜0.05) ;C组可显著增加全净膛率、腿肌率、肌间脂肪宽度、胸肌剪切力和减少腹脂率(P＜0.05) ;D组可显著增加腿肌剪切力、胸肌和腿肌的L*和a*值(P＜0.05).日粮中添加0.2％、0.4％和0.8％水平的Glu均可不同程度提高肉鸡生产性能、胴体性状、肌肉品质、肌苷酸的含量和H-FABP mRNA表达水平,在生产中0.2％水平为建议添加量.     

日粮中添加蜂胶粉对肉仔鸡生产性能和屠宰性能的影响

为了探讨日粮中添加不同水平的蜂胶粉对AA白羽肉仔鸡生产性能的影响,为蜂胶的临床应用提供参考依据,试验将90只7日龄AA白羽肉仔鸡随机分成3组(Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组),Ⅰ组为基础日粮对照组,Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加400 mg/kg、800 mg/kg的蜂胶粉,试验通过测定各组在平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比等方面生长性能及屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率等屠宰性能,分析蜂胶粉的不同添加水平对AA白羽肉仔鸡生产性能的影响。结果表明:Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组与Ⅰ组相比,平均日增重显著提高(P0.05),料重比显著降低(P0.05),胸肌率、腿肌率显著提高(P0.05)。说明日粮中添加400 mg/kg和800 mg/kg蜂胶粉能显著促进AA白羽肉仔鸡的生长性能和屠宰性能,提高肉仔鸡生产性能。     

Comparison of in vitro and in situ methods in evaluation of forage digestibility in ruminants

The objective of this study was to compare the application of different in vitro and in situ methods in empirical and mechanistic predictions of in vivo OM digestibility (OMD) and their associations to near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy spectra for a variety of forages. Apparent in vivo OMD of silages made from alfalfa (n = 2), corn (n = 9), corn stover (n = 2), grass (n = 11), whole crops of wheat and barley (n = 8) and red clover (n = 7), and fresh alfalfa (n = 1), grass hays (n = 5), and wheat straws (n = 5) had previously been determined in sheep. Concentrations of indigestible NDF (iNDF) in all forage samples were determined by a 288-h ruminal in situ incubation. Gas production of isolated forage NDF was measured by in vitro incubations for 72 h. In vitro pepsin-cellulase OM solubility (OMS) of the forages was determined by a 2-step gravimetric digestion method. Samples were also subjected to a 2-step determination of in vitro OMD based on buffered rumen fluid and pepsin. Further, rumen fluid digestible OM was determined from a single 96-h incubation at 38°C. Digestibility of OM from the in situ and the in vitro incubations was calculated according to published empirical equations, which were either forage specific or general (1 equation for all forages) within method. Indigestible NDF was also used in a mechanistic model to predict OMD. Predictions of OMD were evaluated by residual analysis using the GLM procedure in SAS. In vitro OMS in a general prediction equation of OMD did not display a significant forage-type effect on the residuals (observed - predicted OMD; P = 0.10). Predictions of OMD within forage types were consistent between iNDF and the 2-step in vitro method based on rumen fluid. Root mean square error of OMD was least (0.032) when the prediction was based on a general forage equation of OMS. However, regenerating a simple regression for iNDF by omitting alfalfa and wheat straw reduced the root mean square error of OMD to 0.025. Indigestible NDF in a general forage equation predicted OMD without any bias (P ≥ 0.16), and root mean square error of prediction was smallest among all methods when alfalfa and wheat straw samples were excluded. Our study suggests that compared with the in vitro laboratory methods, iNDF used in forage-specific equations will improve overall predictions of forage in vivo OMD. The in vitro and in situ methods performed equally well in calibrations of iNDF or OMD by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.     

大庆市羊东毕吸虫病流行病学调查

对大庆市羊东毕吸虫病的流行病学进行了调查研究。结果表明，大庆有3种东毕吸虫，即程氏东毕吸虫（O.cheni)、土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫（O.turkestanica)和土耳斯坦东毕吸虫结节变种（O.turkestanican var.thuberculata)；中间宿主螺类有1种，即卵萝卜螺；东毕吸虫病在大庆分布很广，所调查的4区2县均有发生，羊东毕吸虫平均感染率分别为50．33％，平均死亡率为21．12％，大庆羊急性病例发病时间为8月上旬至10月下旬，慢性病例为11月上旬至翌年2月中旬。     

中国圈养野生动物疫苗使用调查

2005年对中国动物园协会单位中的18家动物园饲养野生动物疫苗免疫情况进行调查。受调查动物园在野生动物疫苗使用和动物种类方面具有一定的代表性。调查结果显示动物园动物现共使用18类36种疫苗,预防31种疫病。其中哺乳动物使用14类24种疫苗,预防24种疫病;禽类使用4类12种疫苗,预防7种疫病。使用范围最广的有禽流感、犬瘟热疫苗等、新城疫疫苗、猫瘟热疫苗等。共有24目58科动物接种疫苗,其中食肉动物类1目8科,食草动物类3目9科,杂食动物类2目3科,禽类18目38科。研究结果提示应加强动物园之间疫病信息交流、防疫资源的利用、疫病监测和研究,加大对动物园动物疫病的研究投入,逐步建立动物园动物统一的防疫规程。     

ELISA试验在防制猪伪狂犬病中的应用

猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂病病毒(Pseudorabies virus PRV)引起的急性传染病。其特征是成年猪常为隐性感染，可有流产、死胎、呼吸系统症状，新生仔猪除神经症状外还可侵害消化系统，并伴大批死亡。本病已经给全世界的养猪业造成严重的损失，我国许多地区已报道该病。为进一步探讨该病的控制、净化措施，我们对12个养猪场共856分血清采用美国嗍公司的ELISA试剂盒进行了抗体检测。     

Use of cyclocryotherapy in management of glaucoma in dogs

In 5 cases of glaucoma (2 from trauma, 2 from narrowed drainage angles, 1 secondary to lens extraction), cyclocryotherapy was used to control intraocular pressure. In all cases the intraocular pressure decreased, with the usual result being a cosmetic and painless but blind eye.     

Estimate of economic impact of fowl cholera in turkeys in Georgia in 1986

Information gathered from cases of fowl cholera (FC) in commercial turkey flocks through case records, flock records, and telephone and mail surveys was used to estimate disease costs. The cost to the Georgia commercial turkey industry in 1986 from preventive measures, treatment of outbreaks, and production losses from the disease was estimated at $634,545. The cost of FC per kg of live production was estimated to be $0.015.     

Occurrence of MRSA in pigs and in humans involved in pig production--preliminary results of a study in the northwest of Germany

In 2007, 678 pigs of all age groups out of 347 different farms from Lower Saxony and Northrhine-Westphalia and 86 persons occupationally exposed to pigs were investigated for their nasal colonisation with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus areus (MRSA) by the Field Station for Epidemiology of the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover and the Robert Koch-Institute. At the individual animal level, a frequency of positive results of 13% (n = 85 positive animals) and at the herd level, a frequency of positive results of 18% (n = 62 positive herds) were found. All isolates were assigned to the Multilocus Sequence Typing Type ST398. Within MRSA-positive herds, there were more MRSA-negative than MRSA-positive animals. Among the occupationally exposed persons (veterinarians, laboratory personnel and meat inspection personnel), 20 persons (23%) showed a nasal colonisation with MRSA ST398. A quite strong association between the intensity of the contact to pigs with the frequency of nasal colonisation in the occupationally exposed persons was detected. None of the animals or the humans nasally colonised by MRSA ST398 showed any clinical symptoms of a staphylococcal infection. Conclusions are drawn on the herd and intra-herd prevalence of the nasal colonisation of pigs with MRSA ST398 in pigs, but especially on which questions need to be addressed by further research.     

2017年西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平检测

为了解西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平,2017年8月随机选择免疫过H5禽流感疫苗的8个规模养殖场、2个散养户、3个活禽交易市场,共13个群体,采集1 041份家禽血清样品进行H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感HI抗体检测。结果显示：H5亚型禽流感免疫抗体合格率为45.73%,H7、H9亚型抗体阳性率分别为21.13%、52.64%;养殖场、散养户和活禽交易市场的不同亚型抗体水平存在较大差异,规模化养殖场的H7亚型抗体阳性率最高（29.92%）,活禽市场的H5、H9亚型阳性率最高（78.16%、79.31%）,散养户的所有亚型抗体阳性率均最低。结果表明,拉萨市H5亚型禽流感疫苗免疫效果较差,特别是散养户,疫病发生风险较高,H7、H9亚型疑似自然感染率较高,应进一步查明原因,及时采取相应的措施,防止疫情发生。