硝酸盐在两个小白菜品种体内的分布及调配

 硝酸盐在作物体内的分布及调配规律研究是降低蔬菜硝酸盐含量、提高植物体对硝态氮利用效率的基础理论问题。本试验采用水培和植物电生理方法测定了两个小白菜品种的不同器官组织硝酸盐含量和液泡中硝酸盐浓度（活度）；氮亏缺条件下叶片、叶柄和根系组织硝酸盐含量、叶片硝酸还原酶活性以及叶片、根系的液泡和细胞质中硝酸盐活度。结果表明，叶片、叶柄和根系液泡中硝酸盐活度分别是组织硝酸盐含量的4.6、2.0和7.4倍，液泡硝酸盐活度远高于细胞质硝酸盐活度；亮白叶1号叶片、叶柄和根系液泡硝酸盐活度分别是上海青的2.4、1.9和3.6倍；不同器官组织硝酸盐含量呈叶柄>叶片>根系，而各器官液泡硝酸盐活度不存在显著差异；小白菜组织及液泡硝酸盐含量随氮饥饿时间急剧下降，而细胞质硝酸盐活度及叶片硝酸还原酶活性则基本维持稳定。硝酸盐主要累积于液泡内且可以再利用；叶柄及根系组织硝酸盐在氮亏缺时均可被运至叶片，而液泡硝酸盐则被释放至细胞质中，维持了细胞质硝酸盐浓度的稳定，使叶片硝酸还原酶得以稳定。高硝酸盐累积品种亮白叶1号液泡硝酸盐活度高，氮亏缺时其组织硝酸盐下降速度较慢，这可能由其硝酸还原酶活性低引起的。     

Growth traits and nitrogen assimilation-associated physiological parameters of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) under low and high N conditions

In this study, 14 wheat cultivars with contrasting yield and N use efficiency(NUE) were used to investigate the agronomic and NUE-related traits, and the N assimilation-associated enzyme activities under low and high N conditions. Under deficient-N, the cultivars with high N uptake efficiency(UpE) and high N utilization efficiency(UtE) exhibited higher plant biomass, yields, and N contents than those with medium and low NUEs. The high Up E cultivars accumulated more N than other NUE type cultivars. Under sufficient-N, the tested cultivars showed similar patterns in biomass, yield, and N content to those under deficient-N, but the varietal variations in above traits were smaller. In addition, the high Up E cultivars displayed much more of root biomass and larger of root length, surface area, and volume than other NUE type cultivars, indicating that the root morphological traits under N deprivation are closely associated with the plant biomass through its improvement of the N acquisition. The high Ut E cultivars showed higher activities of nitrate reductase(NR), nitrite reductase(NIR), and glutamine synthetase(GS) at stages of seediling, heading and filling than other NUE type cultivars under both low and high N conditions. Moreover, the high Up E and Ut E cultivars also displayed higher photosynthetic rate under deficient-N than the medium and low NUE cultivars. Together, our results indicated that the tested wheat cultivars possess dramatically genetic variations in biomass, yield, and NUE. The root morphological traits and the N assimilation enzymatic acitivities play critical roles in regulating N accumulation and internal N translocation under the N-starvation stress, respectively. They can be used as morphological and biochemical references for evaluation of Up E and Ut E in wheat.     

Effects of Nitrogen Forms on Carbon and Nitrogen Accumulation in Tomato Seedling

Utilization of organic nitrogen （N） is an important aspect of plant N assimilation and has potential application in sustainable agriculture. The aim of this study was to investigate the plant growth, C and N accumulation in leaves and roots of tomato seedlings in response to inorganic （NH4^＋-N, NO3^-N） and organic nitrogen （Gly-N）. Different forms of nitrogen （NH4^＋-N, NO3^--N, Gly-N） were supplied to two tomato cultivars （Shenfen 918 and Huying 932） using a hydroponics system. The plant dry biomass, chlorophyll content, root activity, total carbon and nitrogen content in roots and leaves, and total N absorption, etc. were assayed during the cultivation. Our results showed that no significant differences in plant height, dry biomass, and total N content were found within the first 16 d among three treatments; however, significant differences in treatments on 24 d and 32 d were observed, and the order was NO3^--N 〉 Gly-N 〉 NH4^＋-N. Significant differences were also observed between the two tomato cultivars. Chlorophyll contents in the two cultivars were significantly increased by the Gly-N treatment, and root activity showed a significant decrease in NHa^＋-N treatment. Tomato leaf total carbon content was slightly affected by different N forms; however, total carbon in root and total nitrogen in root and leaf were promoted significantly by inorganic and organic N. Among the applied N forms, the increasing effects of the NH4^＋-N treatment were larger than that of the Gly-N. In a word, different N resources resulted in different physiological effects in tomatoes. Organic nitrogen （e.g., Gly-N） can be a proper resource of plant N nutrition. Tomatoes of different genotypes had different responses under organic nitrogen （e.g., Gly-N） supplies.     

林火对兴安落叶松根生物量及碳氮养分浓度的影响

以大兴安岭塔河林业局兴安落叶松林为研究对象,对不同时间火烧迹地进行调查,采用挖掘法获取土壤根系样品,研究火后落叶松根生物量,C、N养分浓度及C/N值变化。结果表明:1）火烧后1周,受低强度和中等强度火烧树木的活根生物量仅是对照树木的80%和36%,＜1 mm细根生物量则分别是对照的60%和19%。2）火烧后3个月,受低强度火烧树木细根得到了一定程度的恢复,受中等强度火烧树木根恢复程度明显低于受低强度火烧树木;火后2年,前者根生物量与对照树木无明显差异,而后者＜1 mm细根生物量与对照无显著差异,得到恢复。3）火烧降低了树木根的碳和氮养分浓度,低强度火烧使C/N值减小,而中等强度火烧使C/N值增加。林火对树木根系产生了显著的影响,烧毁根系,改变其生理活性及生存环境;而树木根系的恢复受多种因素影响。      

小白菜硝酸盐含量基因型差异的生理机制研究

以硝酸盐含量有显著差异的2个小白菜品种湘潭矮脚白(高硝酸盐含量基因型)和上海青(低硝酸盐含量基因型)为材料，通过测定其吸收硝酸盐的速率、硝酸还原代谢库内硝酸盐的浓度(MPS)、硝酸还原酶活性(NRA)等。研究其硝酸盐含量基因型差异的生理机制。结果表明，2个小白菜品种吸收硝酸盐的速率、NRA存在显著的差异。硝酸盐含量较高的品种湘潭矮脚白具有较低的NRA，但具有较高的硝酸盐的吸收速率：而硝酸盐含量较低的品种上海青则具有较高的NRA，吸收硝酸盐的速率则较低。因此小白菜硝酸盐含量的基因型差异产生的原因可能是吸收硝酸盐的速率不同和硝酸盐还原能力有差异共同作用的结果。     

土壤酸化对樱桃番茄养分积累和分配的影响

为研究土壤酸化对土壤养分有效性以及植物吸收、积累、分配养分的影响,采用盆栽试验,以酸性红壤(pH 5.05)、樱桃番茄(Lycopersivon esculentum Mill)为试验材料,浇施柠檬酸-磷酸氢二钠缓冲液和碳酸钠-碳酸氢钠缓冲液调节土壤pH,使土壤pH下调至4.0,5.0及上调至6.0和7.0,试验共4个处理,每处理5个重复,测定了土壤酸化对樱桃番茄植株生长、植株体内养分含量和积累分配的影响。结果显示,通过缓冲液调节,实测土壤pH为4.35、4.92、5.89、6.85;土壤酸化显著降低樱桃番茄叶面积、生物量尤其是根系生物量,降低植株根冠比;土壤酸化严重抑制氮、磷、钾、镁、铁在番茄根系的积累,而促进铁、锰在茎秆和钙、镁在叶片的积累分配,使根系氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、铁积累量显著降低,茎秆积累氮、钾、铁、锰较多,叶片积累磷、钙、镁较多,特别是植株各部位锰含量显著提高。结果表明,根系是樱桃番茄植株受土壤酸化抑制最严重、最敏感的部位,并因此导致多数养分被根系吸收,迁移受阻,积累显著下降。     

影响粳稻品种吸氮能力的根系性状

 【目的】研究不同吸氮量类型粳稻品种根系性状的演变趋势与差异,明确吸氮量大的粳稻品种根系性状的特征,为粳稻品种根系性状的遗传改良提供参考依据。【方法】2008—2009年,在群体水培条件下,以国内、外不同年代育成的94个常规粳稻品种为供试材料,测定根系形态、根系活性、植株各器官干物重和含氮量、产量构成因素等,采用组内最小平方和的动态聚类方法将供试品种按吸氮量的大小从低到高依次分为A、B、C、D、E、F 等6类,研究各类品种根系等性状的差异,分析影响氮素高效吸收的主要根系性状。【结果】供试品种间吸氮量的差异很大,吸氮量最大品种为最小品种的2.94倍（2008年）和2.59倍（2009年）;吸氮量大的品种平均产量极显著高于吸氮量小的品种;生育期、吸氮强度均是影响吸氮量的重要因素,吸氮强度对吸氮量的影响大于生育期对吸氮量的影响;不同吸氮量类型粳稻品种间单株根干重、单株不定根总长、单株总吸收面积、单株活跃吸收面积差异显著,单株根数、单株根系活力的差异因年而异。吸氮量大的品种单株不定根数、单株根干重、单株不定根总长、单株根系总吸收面积、单株根系活跃吸收面积优于吸氮量小的品种;改良根干重、冠根比、单株不定根总长、单条不定根重等性状能显著提高水稻的吸氮量。【结论】供试粳稻品种间吸氮量的差异很大。吸氮强度大是粳稻品种吸氮量大的重要因素。吸氮量大的品种单株根数、单株根干重、单株不定根总长、单株总吸收面积、单株活跃吸收面积、单株根系活力优于吸氮量小的品种,根干重、冠根比、单株不定根总长、单条不定根重是影响粳稻品种吸氮能力的主要根系性状。     

硝态氮难以在菠菜叶柄中还原的原因初探

【目的】蔬菜硝态氮过量累积危害人类健康，叶柄是蔬菜硝态氮累积的主要器官，揭示其累积硝态氮的原因是解决这一问题的关键。【方法】以3个菠菜品种为供试材料，设置不同氮水平进行盆栽试验，在不同生长期采样，测定叶柄硝态氮含量、内外源硝酸还原酶活性、细胞的硝态氮代谢库与贮存库大小，以及加入叶片硝酸还原酶后叶柄组织的亚硝态氮生成速率。【结果】叶柄硝态氮含量与其硝酸还原酶活性、代谢库大小无明显关系，但内外源硝酸还原酶活性的比值高、贮存库小，加入叶片硝酸还原酶后叶柄组织的亚硝态氮生成速率高的品种，其叶柄硝态氮含量低。【结论】叶柄潜在硝酸还原酶活性的实际表达程度、叶柄细胞液泡的大小、硝态氮由贮存库（液泡）进入代谢库（细胞质）的难易程度是造成硝态氮难以在叶柄中还原及品种间叶柄硝态氮含量差异的重要原因。     

Ammonium Effects on Nitrate Uptake by Roots of Upland and Paddy Rice Seedlings Related to Membrane Potential Differences

Nitrate uptake characteristics and ammonium effects on nitrate uptake were compared between upland rice （Brazilian upland rice） and paddy rice （Wuyujing 3 and Yangdao 6） through the glass microelectrode technique and the concentration gradient method of uptake kinetics.Results indicated that nitrate uptake by rice seedlings and ammonium effects were depending on membrane potential of root cells.And upland rice and paddy rice presented obviously different responses.For all cultivars,the nitrate treatments induced rapid depolarization and then slow repolarization of membrane potential in root epidermal cells,and even hyperpolarization was observed when nitrate concentration was low.The membrane potential of epidermal cells in Brazilian upland rice roots was larger and its response to NO3- was bigger than those of two paddy rice cultivars.Depolarization of membrane potential was amplified when ammonium was simultaneously added with nitrate into the measure medium,but repolarization was reduced,even disappeared.Brazilian upland rice seedlings had high Vmax of nitrate uptake and low Km,furthermore,Vmax and Km were little affected by ammonium,but Vmax of Wuyujing 3 was reduced significantly.Therefore,inhibition of NH4＋ differed obviously between upland rice and paddy rice.     

Physiological and Molecular Response of Wheat Roots to Nitrate Supply in Seedling Stage

The objective of this study was to understand the morphological, physiological, and molecular responses of wheat roots to nitrate supply at seedling stage. Two wheat genotypes, Jimai 22 and Shannong 15, were grown in Hoagland's nutrient solution with different nitrate levels at seedling stage. Results indicated that the plant dry weight and N accumulation increased with the increase of nitrate supply. The number of axial root, total uptake area (TUA), and active uptake area (AUA) increased with more nitrate supply. Correlation analysis indicated that significant positive correlations existed between N accumulation and dry weight, N accumulation and AUA, and N accumulation and AUA/TUA. Although, the expressions ofNRT2.1, NRT2.2, and NRT2.3 decreased with nitrate supply increased, the expressions of NRTI, NRT2.1,and NRT2.3 could maintain high level at N3 treatment. The free amino acid and NO3- content in shoot also increased with the increased nitrate application, but no significant difference was found in root among the treatments. These results implied that the increase of N uptake by nitrate supply was due to the morphological and physiological responses of wheat roots and the high expression level of TaNRT genes. Similarly, the contribution of morphological, physiological,and molecular parameters was different between two genotypes of wheat.     

Characterization of low-N responses in maize(Zea mays L.) cultivars with contrasting nitrogen use efficiency in the North China Plain

Over-use of N fertilizer in crop production has resulted in a series of environmental problems in the North China Plain(NCP). Thus, improvement of nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) in summer maize has become an effective strategy for promoting sustainable agriculture in this region. Using twenty maize cultivars, plant dry matter production, N absorption and accumulation, yield formation, and NUE in summer maize were investigated under three N levels in two growing seasons. Based on their yield and yield components, these maize cultivars were categorized into four groups including efficient-efficient(EE) cultivars, high-nitrogen efficient(HNE) cultivars, low-nitrogen efficient(LNE) cultivars and nonefficient-nonefficient(NN) cultivars. In both two seasons, the EE cultivars improved grain yield together with increased plant biomass, and enhanced accumulative amounts as well as higher average grain yields than the other cultivar groups under deficient-N conditions. Significant correlations were observed between yield and kernel numbers(KN), dry matter(DM) amount and N accumulation at both post-silking and maturity stages. DM and N accumulation at late growth stage(i.e., from silking to maturity) contributed largely to the enhanced yield capacity and improved NUE under N-deficient conditions. Compared with the NN cultivars, the EE cultivars also showed increased N assimilation amount(NAA) and N remobilization content(NRC), and elevated N remobilization efficiency(NRE), NUE and nitrogen partial factor productivity(PFPN). Our investigation has revealed N-associated physiological processes and may provide guidance for cultivation and breeding of high yield and NUE summer maize under limited N conditions in the NCP.     

珍贵树种花榈木容器苗配方施肥试验

采用"3414"试验设计,对花榈木容器苗进行氮、磷、钾肥配比施肥试验,测定了不同配方施肥处理花榈木容器苗生长和生理生化指标。结果表明:施肥后的各处理花榈木容器苗的苗高、地径、根系、生物量等生长指标以及光合速率、光能利用效率、水分利用效率、叶绿素含量、硝态氮含量、硝酸还原酶活性和根系活力等生理指标均大于不施肥的处理,且各施肥处理间生长、生理生化指标差异显著。在14个处理中,6#(N_2P_2K_2)的苗高、地径、平均根系直径、总根体积、≥5 cm侧根数、总生物量、光合速率、叶绿素a等指标表现最好,分别是对照的1.66、1.33、6.10、3.90、6.00、2.26、2.10、2.52倍。经施肥模型拟合后得到氮、磷、钾肥推荐施肥量为:每株施氮肥1.41 g、磷肥0.44 g和钾肥0.29 g。     

不同品种油菜幼苗硝态氮吸收差异研究

采用溶液培养试验,在不同硝态氮浓度下测定了不同氮效率油菜幼苗的根长、一级侧根数和根系活力的变化情况,同时在正常供氮条件下,测定了油菜幼苗的硝态氮吸收动力学参数,并对其单株生物量、氮素吸收量及氮素生理效率进行了比较。结果表明,不同品种油菜幼苗的根长、一级侧根数、根系活力、对硝态氮的亲和力及最大吸收速率、单株生物量、氮素吸收量、氮素生理效率等均有明显差异。本试验所比较的3个油菜品种中,氮高效品种湘油15在氮素胁迫条件下,具有更长的根长、更多的一级侧根数和更强的根系活力,且对硝态氮的亲和力也大,而高潜力品种742除其最大吸收速率最高之外,根系活力、对硝态氮的亲和力、根长及一级侧根数等其他各项指标并没有高于其他品种。     

不同形态氮素配比对雄性毛白杨苗木生长的影响

目的研究雄性毛白杨对不同氮素形态配比的响应, 为提高雄性毛白杨的氮素利用效率和科学施肥提供理论依据。方法以窄冠雄性毛白杨331幼苗为研究对象, 采用容器植苗方法, 设置不同形态氮素配比(硝态氮:铵态氮=0:100、75:25、50:50、25:75、100:0)、单一形态氮(酰胺态氮)和不施肥为对照, 测定毛白杨苗高、地径、生物量、叶片结构、根系特征和氮、磷、钾含量, 研究不同形态氮素配比对雄性毛白杨生长、生理结构和养分累积的影响。结果雄性毛白杨331在同一施氮水平下, 苗高、地径随着硝态氮比例的增大呈现先增加后稳定的趋势, 当硝态氮比例达到50%及以上时, 苗高、地径趋于稳定, 平均分别达到189.33 cm、21.84 mm; 根和茎的生物量随着硝态氮比例的增大而增大, 但硝铵比为75:25处理(0.84)的根茎比显著大于单施硝态氮的处理(0.68)。硝铵配比施肥对毛白杨叶片总厚度、细根的生长具有明显的促进作用, 50%及以上硝态氮处理下的细根根长和根表面积显著大于其他处理组合。高硝铵比(50:50或75:25)和尿素施肥处理均能有效促进植株茎、根的氮素积累, 但尿素处理苗木根系的磷含量显著低于高硝铵配比处理。结论硝态氮能够明显促进窄冠雄性毛白杨331的生长和养分积累, 毛白杨331具有明显的偏硝性。雄性毛白杨施肥时建议采用硝铵比为50:50至75:25的施肥配比。      

玉米苗对氮素吸收和利用效率的研究

用溶液培养的方法,设置4个氮素水平,研究了西南地区9个主栽玉米品种在苗期对氮素的吸收和利用效率。结果表明：(1)与“适中”水平比较,登海1号和农大108在低氮和高氮水平下均有较高的相对氮吸收量;农大3138、川单21号、东单60号和西单2号的相对氮吸收量在高氮水平下较高,而在低氮水平下较低;雅玉2号、成单14号和屯玉2号在低氮及高氮浓度下,其相对氮吸收量都不高。(2)几乎所有参试品种在低氮和极低氮素水平下植株对氮素的利用率都高于适中和高氮水平;农大3138、东单60号、屯玉3号、西单2号等品种在低氮和高氮水平下均有较高的氮利用效率。本试验中还没有发现在苗期对氮素营养既高效吸收又高效利用的材料。     

缺氮、磷、钾、钙、镁对芥蓝硝酸盐积累、硝酸还原酶和过氧化物酶活性的影响

缺素试验表明,缺镁促进芥蓝叶片内硝酸盐的积累,缺乏其它元素则减少硝酸盐的积累缺素亦影响硝酸还原酶活性,缺氮、磷、钾、钙均抑制叶片的硝酸还原酶活性,缺镁促进硝酸还原酶活性氮、磷、钾、钙、镁用量适宜,过氧化物酶活性较低缺乏其中任何一个元素均提高了芥蓝叶片的过氧化物酶活性     

甘蓝型油菜氮高效的生理与分子遗传基础研究进展

氮是植物生长发育所必需的大量营养元素。油菜对氮肥的需求量较大,氮肥利用率低。不同油菜品种的氮效率存在较大的基因型差异。与氮低效基因型油菜相比,氮高效基因型油菜在氮的吸收、转运、代谢、光合作用以及再利用等方面表现出显著的优势。同时,参与上述过程的基因包括硝酸根转运基因(NRT)、铵离子转运基因(AMT)、编码植物氮代谢相关酶类的基因以及其他基因等的表达水平也受到氮水平的显著影响,并在氮高、低效基因型间表现出显著的差异。本文主要从甘蓝型油菜氮效率的基因型差异、氮高效的生理与分子遗传基础等方面简要介绍了近年来关于甘蓝型油菜氮效率方面的研究进展。     

硝态氮处理对雪菊幼苗生长及代谢的影响

【目的】筛选出适宜雪菊幼苗生长的硝态氮肥施用量。【方法】以雪菊为试验材料,选用硝态氮(Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O)为供试肥料,采用盆栽试验,按照完全随机区组设计,设置6个硝态氮处理水平,每盆硝态氮的施用量分别为0 (CK),0.10、0.15、0.20、0.25、0.30 g/kg营养土,研究不同硝态氮处理对雪菊幼苗生长及代谢产物的影响。【结果】不同硝态氮处理对雪菊幼苗生长及代谢产物均有一定的影响。硝态氮施用量为0.25 g/kg时,雪菊幼苗的株高表现最佳,为7.26 cm;硝态氮施用量为0.3 g/kg时,雪菊幼苗的鲜重、茎粗、幼苗分枝数、SPAD值、可溶性蛋白质含量表现最佳,SPAD值和可溶性蛋白质含量分别为48.92和8.86 mg/g。硝态氮对雪菊幼苗可溶性糖有一定促进作用,在硝态氮施用量为0.25 g/kg时,可溶性糖含量最高,为32.63％。对照的雪菊幼苗根冠比、根长、叶片中绿原酸、总黄酮以及根中总黄酮含量最高,叶和根中总黄酮分别为90.70和34.77 mg/g,叶片中绿原酸含量为10.85 mg/g。硝态氮施用量为0.3 g/kg时,雪菊幼苗中PAL活性最低,与对照相比降低10.76％。【结论】少施或不施硝态氮有利于提高雪菊幼苗叶片PAL活性,增加幼苗根和叶的总黄酮和绿原酸含量,但少施或不施硝态氮对雪菊幼苗的生长以及干物质积累有明显的抑制作用。硝态氮施用量以0.25～0.3 g/kg营养土为宜。     

白桦幼苗NH+4/NO-3吸收特征的研究

采用水培方法，研究白桦幼苗氮吸收特征。结果表明:白桦早期对NO-3 N呈偏向选择吸收，供氮强度和光强增加使苗木氮吸收总量、NH+4 N吸收量、NO-3 N吸收量增加。根系是白桦早期还原NO-3的主要部位；根系和叶片硝酸还原酶活性均因供NO-3强度和光强的增加而增强。较低供氮水平下，NH+4优势处理苗木的营养液pH值下降，NO-3优势处理苗木的营养液pH值上升；氮吸收量增大导致NH+4优势处理苗木的营养液pH值下降程度深化，而供NO-3营养液pH值却未因此进一步升高；较高光强下，各处理苗木营养液pH值均有不同程度下降。      

干旱区棉花秸秆还田和施肥对土壤氮素有效性及根系生物量的影响

【目的】本研究探讨干旱区棉田土壤氮素转化过程及对棉花根系生物量的影响,明确棉田土壤氮素有效性对农业管理措施的响应,为棉田制定高产高效管理措施,实现棉花高产优质低成本及环境友好生产服务。【方法】在定位试验条件下,采用裂区设计,以秸秆不还田(S0)与秸秆还田(S1)为主区,4种施肥处理(不施肥(F0)、施氮磷钾化肥(F1)、施有机肥(F2)、施氮磷钾化肥+有机肥(F3))为副区,分析了秸秆还田和施肥对土壤氮素有效性的影响,探讨了棉田土壤氮素转化过程,包括净矿化速率、净硝化速率、总硝化速率和反硝化速率的变化,明确了土壤有效氮含量和棉花根系生物量对秸秆还田和施肥措施的响应。【结果】(1)秸秆还田和施肥显著增加了土壤净矿化速率、总硝化速率和反硝化速率,棉花不同生育时期不同施肥处理间各指标的变化不同,但秸秆还田下施肥处理间差异不显著,在盛花期均有最大速率;(2)秸秆还田和施肥显著增加了土壤铵态氮、硝态氮和无机氮含量,但秸秆还田下施肥处理间差异不显著,棉花盛花期和盛铃期土壤无机氮含量显著高于收获期;(3)秸秆还田显著降低了棉花根冠比,对根系生物量、细根/粗根比影响不显著,施肥显著增加了根冠比、根系生物量及细根生物量,施肥处理之间差异不显著。综上所述,秸秆还田能增加土壤净矿化速率、净硝化速率、总硝化速率、反硝化速率、硝态氮、铵态氮和可吸出无机氮含量以及根系生物量。有机肥无机肥配施有最大的土壤净矿化速率、净硝化速率、总硝化速率、反硝化速率、硝态氮和可吸出无机氮含量。有机肥无机肥配施也有最大的根系生物量和粗根细根比。【结论】秸秆还田和施肥有利于促进土壤氮素转化过程,增加土壤有效氮含量,对根系生长及生物量产生影响。在干旱区实施秸秆还田,结合有机无机肥配施技术有利于加速土壤养分转化,提高肥料利用效率,增加有效养分含量,促进作物根系生长和地上部碳同化能力。