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不同施肥处理对玉米生育后期叶片保护酶活性及膜脂过氧化作用的影响 总被引:17,自引:2,他引:17
从高产施肥的角度研究了不同氮、磷、钾肥用量对春玉米生育后期叶片保护酶活性与膜脂过氧化产物作用的影响。结果表明:各施肥条件下,各种酶在灌浆期、乳熟期和蜡熟期随玉米生育期的推进呈现出相同的变化趋势,SOD活性先急剧降低,后稍有回升;CAT活性呈下降趋势;POD活性先增后降;MDA含量一直呈上升趋势。不同氮、磷、钾用量对叶片保护酶活性和MDA含量的影响不同,适宜的氮、磷、钾肥用量(N 240kg/hm2、P2O5 150~225kg/hm2和K2O240kg/hm2)可明显提高SOD、CAT活性,降低POD、MDA活性和含量,有效地延缓玉米生育后期叶片的衰老。氮、磷、钾养分缺乏或过量均会使叶片膜脂过氧化程度加剧,较早进入衰老状态。 相似文献
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试验采用二次回归饱和设计方法,研究了氮、钾、锰、硼肥和芸薹素内酯、乙烯利对甜菜根产量和含糖率的影响,建立了以根产量和含糖率为目标的回归方程。研究结果表明:氮、钾、锰、硼肥和芸薹素内酯、乙烯利的合理配合施用能使甜菜产量明显提高,品质得到显著改善。通过模拟寻优,决选出了根产量67704.46kg/hm2,含糖率22.3%以上的调控措施为:在施用P2O5150kg/hm2基础上,施纯N 119.85kg/hm2,K2O 144.79 kg/hm2,纯Mn 5.26 kg/hm2,纯B 1.16 kg/hm2;叶面喷施BR和ETH,浓度分别为10.42mg/L和225.58mg/L。 相似文献
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通过水、氮、钾3个因素的耦合作用,研究了对夏玉米产量效应的影响。结果表明:当灌水量2 700m3/hm2、施氮量270 kg/hm2、施钾量180 kg/hm2时,夏玉米产量最高,为12 053.32 kg/hm2。由三元二次回归方程得出,水、氮、钾的最佳用量为灌水量3 069 m3/hm2、施氮量285 kg/hm2、施钾量176.4 kg/hm2,最佳产量为12 111.6 kg/hm2;3个因素对产量影响的顺序为水氮钾。水氮耦合、水钾耦合对产量的影响显著,且均为正效应。 相似文献
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基于均匀设计研究氮、磷、钾肥对马铃薯产量的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
运用均匀设计法研究不同氮、磷、钾配施对马铃薯产量的影响。以马铃薯品种尤金为供试材料,在田间条件下以氮、磷、钾施用量和配比作为变量,马铃薯产量为目标函数建立方程。结果表明:氮、磷、钾需求量,钾肥>氮肥>磷肥,符合马铃薯需肥规律。通过对氮、磷、钾肥与产量的施肥模型进行频次分析得出,黑龙江省哈尔滨地区马铃薯田施肥量:纯N为157.95~162.61 kg/hm2,P2O5为30.59~34.08 kg/hm2,K2O为191.30~204.28 kg/hm2。 相似文献
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苗期渍水对直播冬油菜产量和农学利用率的影响及油菜在不同氮肥施用下的响应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在轻简化施肥背景下,为减少渍害损失,解决长江流域冬油菜产区生产面临的重要问题,开展氮肥施用
对油菜渍害的缓解作用研究。设置三因素田间试验,分别为不同氮肥用量(0、60、120、180、240和300 kg N/hm2)、氮
肥类型(油菜专用控释尿素和普通尿素)和水分处理(苗期渍水和正常排水),测定各处理产量和氮肥农学利用率,
明确苗期渍水对不同氮素供应水平油菜的影响,并比较油菜专用控释尿素一次性施用和普通尿素分次施用下油菜
对苗期渍水的响应。结果表明,直播冬油菜产量随氮肥施用量增加而提高,至240 kg N/hm2时不再增加。油菜专用
控释尿素一次性施用,在氮肥用量为60~180 kg N/hm2时产量高于普通尿素分次施用;在氮肥用量为240~300 kg
N/hm2时,两种氮肥类型产量基本相当。氮肥施用通过增加收获密度、单株角果数和每角粒数提高产量。苗期渍水
导致直播冬油菜产量损失1.1%~41.9%,随氮肥用量增加,渍水引起的产量损失率呈先增加后降低趋势。0~60 kg
N/hm2处理时,渍水使收获密度显著降低(降幅达29.4%~45.0%),单株角果数增加;施氮量为120~180 kg N/hm2时,
渍水导致收获密度和单株角果数分别降低19.5%~33.7%和1.4%~17.7%;施氮高于180 kg N/hm2时,收获密度和单
株角果数降幅减小(降幅分别为5%~30.9%和3.6%~9.5%)。普通尿素分次施用和油菜专用控释尿素一次性施用,
分别在施氮量为120和180 kg N/hm2时产量损失率最高,分别达29.8%和41.9%。相同氮肥用量下油菜专用控释尿
素一次性施用的产量损失率大于普通尿素分次施用。渍水显著降低氮肥农学利用率,降幅为8.4%~51.9%,施氮充
足(240~300 kg N/hm2)时氮肥农学利用率降幅低于氮素用量较低处理(120~180 kg N/hm2),油菜专用控释尿素一
次施用处理的农学利用率平均降幅(36.5%)高于普通尿素分次施用(17.3%)。综上可知,苗期渍水时,油菜专用控
释尿素一次施用,会加重油菜受渍影响;土壤氮素供应能力较低时,渍害逆境解除后,适量追施速效氮肥可有效缓
解产量损失,实现油菜稳产。 相似文献
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甜菜根际磷酸酶分泌特性的研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
甜莱根际磷酸酶的分泌特性是其根际土壤中有机磷有效性的决定性因子。采用液体培养和改进的Kuchenbuch微型盒土培法。对甜莱根际磷酸酶的分泌情况进行了较详细的研究。结果表明:(1)甜莱对有机磷的吸收是以有机磷的分解转化为前提,不同基因型的甜莱根际产生磷酶的种类、分布范围及分泌总量存在明显差异。并表现在对有机磷胁迫的抗耐能力方面的差别。某些基因型对有机磷表现出极强的分解、吸收和适应能力;(2)甜莱根系可分泌出多种磷酸酶。其中绝大多数品种以酸性磷酸酶为主。其次是中性磷酸酶.而碱性磷酸酶几乎没有;(3)甜莱各品种(系)根际磷酸酶的分布均表现出从根表向根际以外逐渐由高到低的特点。当达到一定点趋于一个恒定的值,符合方程y=yo ae^(-bx)的分布规律。 相似文献
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抗丛根病甜菜新品种宁甜双优2号的选育 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
甜菜抗丛根病新品种宁甜双优2号属遗传双胚型雄不育杂优品种。该品种在丛根病区种植不仅抗丛根病、褐斑病性能强。而且根产量、含糖率高,接近或达到无丛根病感染地的生产水平。1998、1999年参加5点次生产示范,平均块根产量53964.0kg/hm^2,比对照增产4.67%;平均含糖率达15.35%,比对照提高0.93度;平均产糖量8286.3kg/hm^2,比对照增产11.37%。 相似文献
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试验结果表明,非病地比病地平均提高根产量、含糖率、产糖量分别为12230.6kg/hm、4.46度、3122.4kg/hm2;t测验分析表明,不同土壤环境对甜菜产质量具有不同程度的影响,其大小顺序是含糖率>产糖量>根产量,分别有94.1%、84.7%和50.7%的材料因不同土壤环境而达到显著或极显著差异。方差分析结果显示,在病地参试材料的根产量、产糖量的差异显著性与非病地的基本同步,而含糖率差异显著性却不完全同步,病地更能造成材料间含糖率的显著或极显著差异。两种地块导致单胚材料、饲料甜菜的根产量和产糖量差异悬殊。 相似文献
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Histological characteristics of sugar beet leaves potentially linked to drought tolerance 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jadranka Lukovi Ivana Maksimovi Lana Zori Nevena Nagl Milorad Per
i Dubravka Poli Marina Putnik-Deli 《Industrial Crops and Products》2009,30(2):281-286
Water is becoming more and more limiting factor of sugar beet production and the productivity of the crop can be significantly improved by increased drought tolerance. It is therefore a great challenge to assess the degree of variability of anatomical and morphological traits of breeding material with respect to water use efficiency and drought, that can be used as potential markers for selection of sugar beet genotypes with better tolerance to water shortage. To achieve this, the first step is to assess the degree of genetic variability with respect to anatomical and histological features linked to water management in plants, under optimal water supply. Comparative histiological analysis of lamina and petiole was done on 12 sugar beet genotypes which previously showed divergent responses to lack of water in the field. The plants were grown in semi-controlled conditions of a glasshouse, and watered daily. Mircromorphological analyses were done to assess leaf epidermal characteristics, by both light and SEM, and lamina and petiole histological features. The measurements were used to calculate the percentage of individual tissues in relation to the thickness of the lamina, main vein area and petiole area. The general structure of sample variability was established by principal component analysis (PCA), based on correlation matrix. In majority of genotypes the ratio of the size of cells of spongy parenchyma and palisade cells in average was 80%. Low genotypic variability of the studied histological parameters of the lamina and petiole may reflect the narrow genetic base of tested breeding material. The most significant genotypic difference, considering leaf epidermal tissue, was in % of adaxial and abaxial epidermis. The highest found number of stomata per mm2 on both adaxial and abaxial epidermis was 40% higher than the lowest. During water stress, when stomata are closed, plant survival depends on the amount of water lost through the cuticle. SEM analysis of adaxial epidermis of the lamina show that cuticle varies in texture. Considering the observed genotypic variability in cuticle ornamentation and the fact that plants develop various strategies of adaptation to drought, finding genotypes with increased drought tolerance could be based on the characteristics of the cuticle and epidermis. 相似文献
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Atena AdnaniMahiran Basri Naz ChaibakhshMohd Basyarudin Abdul Rahman Abu Bakar Salleh 《Industrial Crops and Products》2011,33(1):42-48
Artificial neural network (ANN) analysis of immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B-catalyzed esterification of palmitic acid with xylitol was carried out. Temperature, time, amount of enzyme, amount of molecular sieve, substrate molar ratio and volume of solvent were the six important parameters used as the inputs of the network trained by Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm. After evaluating different ANN configurations, the best network was found to be consisted of two hidden layers with six and seven neurons in the first and second layers respectively, using a hyperbolic tangent sigmoid transfer function. The coefficient of determination (R2) and mean square error (MSE) values between the actual and predicted responses were 1 and 1.5025e−24 for the training and 0.97239 and 0.03259 for the testing datasets. The results indicate the good generalization performance of the neural network model and its capability to predict the conversion of the substrates. 相似文献