鸡白细胞介素15基因的克隆及序列分析

根据GenBank中所收录的鸡白细胞介素15(ChIL 15)的cDNA序列设计特异性引物,以经ConA刺激3 h的科宝鸡脾脏淋巴细胞的总RNA 为模板,用RT PCR 方法克隆获得了ChIL 15的cDNA。ChIL 15的cD NA全长655 bp,其中第84 位~644 位是该基因的阅读框(ORF),共编码187 个氨基酸。将所克隆的序列与已报道序列相比较,二者核苷酸的同源性为100%(655/655),所编码蛋白质的氨基酸序列同源性也为100%。     

白来航鸡IL-18和GM-CSF基因克隆与序列分析

根据GenBank中鸡白细胞介素18(IL-18)和粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)基因的序列设计2对特异引物,以白来航鸡脾淋巴细胞总RNA为模板进行RT-PCR扩增,克隆白来航鸡IL-18和GM-CSF工基因并进行序列分析.测序结果表明,白来航鸡IL-18基因开放阅读框为597 bp,编码199个氨基酸;序列分析表明,所获得的白来航鸡IL-18基因与GenBank中鸡IL-18的核苷酸同源性为99.0%～99.8%,氨基酸同源性为97.5%～99.5%.白来航鸡GM-CSF基因开放阅读框为435 bp,编码145个氨基酸;序列分析表明,所获得的白来航鸡GM-CSF基因与GenBank鸡GM-CSF的核苷酸同源性为99.3%～100%,氨基酸同源性为99.3%～100%,生物信息学分析表明,IL-18与GM-CSF基因编码的蛋白具有亲水性,都有很强的抗原性,IL-18共有2个潜在的N-糖基化位点,可能存在4个蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点,存在3个酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点;GM-CSF共有1个潜在的N-糖基化位点,可能存在1个蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点,存在4个酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点.     

土耳其东毕吸虫原肌球蛋白基因的克隆

根据日本血吸虫原肌球蛋白cDNA序列和曼氏血吸虫的原肌球蛋白cDNA序列M27512的保守区设计引物，采用RT-PCR方法，成功克隆了土耳其东毕吸虫的原肌球蛋白全长cDNA序列。测序结果表明，TM序列全长1125bp，5’非翻译区为1bp～124bp，3’非翻译区为980bp～1125bp，开放阅读框为125bp～979bp，编码284个氨基酸。将该序列与其他血吸虫的序列进行同源性比较，结果与埃及血吸虫的TM同源性为90％，与曼氏血吸虫、日本血吸虫的TM同源性均为88％，该基因已经提交GenBank，序列号为》N560898。     

内蒙古绒山羊 CDK2 基因的克隆与序列分析

采用同源序列克隆技术结合RT-PCR和RACE技术,首次从内蒙古绒山羊睾丸组织中克隆出羊CDK2基因的全长cDNA序列（GenBank登录号为EF035041）。结果显示：羊CDK2基因的cDNA序列长为1355bp,5′端非翻译区为174bp,3′端非翻译区为266bp,开放阅读框为894bp,编码298个氨基酸。与牛CDK2基因cDNA序列同源性为98％,氨基酸序列完全一致;和其他哺乳动物CDK2基因的cDNA序列同源性也达92％以上;氨基酸序列同源性为93％以上。说明CDK2在结构和功能上有很高的保守性。     

μ-calpain激活因子UK114的克隆与序列分析

构建了山羊肝脏cDNA文库，采用平板裂解法提取噬菌体DNA，以此为模板用所设计的引物以PCR法扩增出μ-calpain激活蛋白UK114基因，并克隆到pGEM-Teasy载体。序列分析表明，UK114 cDNA包括起始密码子和终止密码子在内全长共计1017bp，5＇非编码区长为39bp，3＇非编码区长为567 bp，编码区长411 bp，编码137个氨基酸序列。与GenBank中Colombo等所得UK114基因比较表明：在5’非编码区，UK114为102 bp，克隆的UK114为39 bp，且二者仅有9个核苷酸序列是相同的；紧接着是起始密码子ATG，然后是一个411bp的阅读框（40nt-450at），编码137个氨基酸，理论分子量约为15ku，二者在编码区仅有1个bp不同，为无义突变；在3’非编码区为552 bp，所克隆的UK114为567 bp，二者在此区域有57个核苷酸序列是不同的：UK114为polyA，所克隆的是不同的核苷酸。二者的同源性为91％，突变的86个核苷酸中都为无义突变，开放阅读框中仅有一个核苷酸突变。     

鸡IL-2受体α亚基成熟蛋白基因的克隆及其胞外段的原核表达

以鸡脾淋巴细胞总RNA为模板，采用RT—PCR方法克隆了鸡白细胞介素-2受体α亚基（ChIL-2Rα）编码区基因。将ChIL-2Rα胞外段基因克隆到pET-32a（＋）中，获得重组质粒pET32a—exChIL-2Rα，转化宿主菌E．coli Rosseta^TM（DE3）后，经IPTG诱导表达的融合蛋白大小约为34ku。序列分析发现，鸡IL-2Rα编码区基因与GenBank上已登录序列的核苷酸同源性为99．2％，氨基酸同源性为99．5％。ChIL-2Rα与其他哺乳动物IL-2Rα在核苷酸和氨基酸水平上的同源性分别为29．6％～54．5％和18．8％～28．0％。表明，禽类IL-2Rα与哺乳类的差异较大。     

高丹草超低氢氰酸含量ISSR特征片段的克隆及序列分析

为明确高丹草超低氢氰酸含量ISSR特征片段的DNA分子特征,以散穗高粱×黑壳苏丹草杂种F2的3个超低氢氰酸含量ISSR特征片段H-1、H-2、H-3和散穗高粱×白壳苏丹草杂种F2的3个超低氢氰酸含量ISSR特征片段B-1、B-2、B-3为材料,对6个不同的ISSR特征片段进行了克隆和测序分析.结果表明:克隆的特征片段H-1序列全长为1377bp,序列包含1个357bp的完整编码区(ORF),位于743～1099bp区域,共编码119个氨基酸,片段与小麦亚种蛋白b的同源性为60％.片段H-2序列全长2268bp,序列包含1个279bp的ORF,位于735～1013bp区域,共编码93个氨基酸,片段与高粱假设蛋白SORBIDRAFT_05g027190同源性为63.9％,与水稻粳稻组假设蛋白OsJ_07776同源性为62％.片段H-3序列全长2614bp,序列包含1个339bp的ORF,位于1024～1362bp区域,共编码113个氨基酸.片段B-1序列全长1432bp,序列包含1个300bp的ORF,位于700～999bp区域,共编码100个氨基酸.片段B-2序列全长1363bp,序列包含1个228bp的ORF,位于603～830bp区域,共编码76个氨基酸.片段B3序列全长2751bp,序列包含1个186bp的ORF,位于2534～2719bp区域,共编码62个氨基酸.片段H-3、B-1、B-2、B-3与现有已知的植物碱基序列和氨基酸序列没有同源性,可能是与高丹草超低氢氰酸含量关系更为密切的DNA新序列.     

鲤鱼白细胞介素10基因组DNA克隆及序列分析

为获得鲤鱼白细胞介素10(interleukin 10,IL-10)全长基因组序列,本研究利用鲤鱼IL-10全长cDNA序列(GenBank登录号:JX524550),通过在两端非编码区设计引物,以提取的鲤鱼脾脏基因组为模板,使用PCR方法成功获得鲤鱼IL-10全长基因组序列。鲤鱼IL-10基因组全长2176 bp,GenBank登录号为JX524551。将所获得的序列与其他物种IL-10基因组序列相比,结果发现都含有5个外显子,4个内含子,外显子在进化上相对保守,剪切位点都符合"gt......ag"规则;序列包含540 bp的开放阅读框,编码179个氨基酸,有2段典型的IL-10氨基酸信号基序。     

鸡白介素-17 cDNA基因的克隆、序列分析及表达

用RT-PCR方法,分别以ConA体外刺激培养12、24、48 h的鸡脾脏淋巴细胞(SP)和经人工感染2次堆型艾美尔球虫(E im eria tenella)孢子化卵囊(约3.6×104个/鸡)的鸡盲肠扁桃体/肠上皮淋巴细胞(IELS)总RNA为模板,成功扩增出预计大小的鸡白介素-17 cDNA基因,并克隆入pM D 18-T载体,进行序列测定。测序结果显示其阅读框(ORF)为507 bp,与G enB ank上鸡IL-17基因已知序列(A J493595)BLA ST的比较表明:核苷酸和氨基酸的同源性分别为99.4%和82.4%。将cDNA基因克隆入pET-32a质粒,构建了pET 32a-IL-17原核表达载体,IPTG诱导后表达出的融合蛋白大小为36 000左右。     

家蚕转录因子AP-4基因cDNA的分子克隆与生物信息学分析

AP-4(activator protein 4)是一种转录因子,在生物的生长发育中有重要作用。根据家蚕表达序列标签(EST)并利用cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)方法克隆了家蚕AP-4(Bombyx mori activator protein4)基因,结合生物信息学方法对所获的序列进行开放阅读框、序列同源性分析,预测了AP-4蛋白的理化性质。获得的家蚕AP-4基因cDNA的全长为1621bp,其开放阅读框为996bp,编码331个氨基酸,基因由3个外显子和2个内含子组成。同源性比对表明该基因推导的氨基酸序列与棉铃虫AP-4和谷蛀虫AP-4推测的蛋白同源性分别为76%和54%,第45-99位氨基酸序列是一个典型的保守结构域。实时定量RT-PCR显示该基因在所检测家蚕的各发育时期中,除幼虫1龄和蛹期第4天无表达外,其它时期均有表达,其中幼虫3龄和4龄期的表达量较高。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.