Cross‐sectional observational survey of serum biochemistry values in a population of 69 adult female alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in South Australia

Blood samples were collected from 69 ‘healthy’ female alpacas aged ≥12 months from 11 properties in South Australia. The 10–90 percentile ranges of the 16/19 analytes measured in this sample population were within the published ranges of four healthy alpaca populations from other geographic locations. Marginal exceptions were glutamate dehydrogenase and bicarbonate. Potassium was notably elevated, probably because of haemolysis of some samples. The sample size was insufficient to provide the appropriate statistical power to define diagnostic references ranges according to international standards. The health status of the sample population of alpacas was presumptive based on a physical examination.     

Reference values: a review

Abstract: Reference values are used to describe the dispersion of variables in healthy individuals. They are usually reported as population‐based reference intervals (RIs) comprising 95% of the healthy population. International recommendations state the preferred method as a priori nonparametric determination from at least 120 reference individuals, but acceptable alternative methods include transference or validation from previously established RIs. The most critical steps in the determination of reference values are the selection of reference individuals based on extensively documented inclusion and exclusion criteria and the use of quality‐controlled analytical procedures. When only small numbers of values are available, RIs can be estimated by new methods, but reference limits thus obtained may be highly imprecise. These recommendations are a challenge in veterinary clinical pathology, especially when only small numbers of reference individuals are available.     

美国苜蓿草产业成功经验对甘肃省苜蓿草产业之借鉴

美国是全世界苜蓿(Medicago spp.)种植面积和出口量最多的国家,其生产和贸易对于我国来说有许多值得借鉴的地方。甘肃省是中国苜蓿种植面积最大的省份,近些年苜蓿草产业发展迅猛,但由于发展时间较短,还存在诸多问题。本文深入分析了美国苜蓿生产与贸易现状、总结其成功经验,并以此为借鉴,结合对甘肃省苜蓿草产业存在的突出问题的综合分析,进一步提出促进甘肃省苜蓿草产业健康发展的对策建议。     

WHO国际生物制品标准物质制备指导原则介绍与我国兽用生物制品标准物质制备程序思考

介绍了WHO 2004年公布的最新的国际及其他生物制品标准物质制备、鉴定和建立的指导原则,旨在引进科学的、具有指导性意义的国际生物制品标准物质建立程序和技术标准,为我国兽用生物制品标准物质制备程序的建立提供依据。     

Current and emerging concepts in biological and analytical variation applied in clinical practice

A single laboratory result actually represents a range of possible values, and a given laboratory result is impacted not just by the presence or absence of disease, but also by biological variation of the measurand in question and analytical variation of the equipment used to make the measurement. Biological variation refers to variability in measurand concentration or activity around a homeostatic set point. Knowledge of biological and analytical variation can be used to facilitate interpretation of patient clinicopathologic data and is particularly useful for interpreting serial patient data and data at or near reference limits or clinical decision thresholds. Understanding how biological and analytical variation impact laboratory results is of increasing importance, because veterinarians evaluate serial data from individual patients, interpret data from multiple testing sites, and use expert consensus guidelines that include decision thresholds for clinicopathologic data interpretation. The purpose of our report is to review current and emerging concepts in biological and analytical variation and discuss how biological and analytical variation data can be used to facilitate clinicopathologic data interpretation. Inclusion of veterinary clinical pathologists having expertise in laboratory quality management and biological variation on research teams and veterinary practice guideline development teams is recommended, to ensure that various considerations for clinicopathologic data interpretation are addressed.     

Measurement of tissue oxygen saturation levels using portable near‐infrared spectroscopy in clinically healthy dogs

Objective – To establish a reference interval for tissue oxygen saturation (StO₂) levels measured by a portable near‐infrared spectroscope and determine site(s) for reproducibly measuring StO₂ levels in dogs. Design – Prospective experimental study. Setting – Veterinary teaching hospital. Animals – Seventy‐eight healthy dogs. Measurements and Main Results – A portable device that quantitatively measures StO₂ levels directly in muscle tissue using near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was topically applied to shaved sites over 4 muscle bodies. Readings from the sartorius muscle were obtained 100% of the time. The digital extensors and biceps femoris muscles provided similar readings, but less consistently obtained StO₂ values (70% and 67%, respectively). Mean StO₂ levels measured over these 3 sites were not statistically different from one another. When readings from these 3 sites were combined, a mean ±1 SD of 92.9±7.4% was obtained. The epaxial muscles produced a significantly lower mean ±1 SD (68.5±22.4%), and readings were obtained only 60% of the time. Conclusions – In dogs, a mean ±1 SD of 92.9±7.4% can be used to investigate clinical applications of NIRS. The sartorius muscle most consistently allows for detection of StO₂ levels (100%). The epaxial muscles are not consistent or reliable for obtaining StO₂ readings and are not recommended for clinical application of near‐infrared spectroscope. Sex does not significantly affect StO₂ readings at any site. Body condition score only affects readings obtained from the sartorius muscle.     

美国化学药品标准物质管理情况概述及分析

通过对美国化学药品标准物质的管理现状进行概述和分析,思考兽药标准物质未来的管理方向,促进我国兽用化学药品国家标准物质的发展与提高。     

马拉硫磷对照品的制备

通过对马拉硫磷对照品候选物进行全面质量控制,以美国药典委员会提供的马拉硫磷对照品作为溯源对照品,用高效液相方法通过协作标定对制备的马拉硫磷对照品进行定值,确定制备马拉硫磷对照品含量为99.0%,相对标准偏差为0.3%。通过对马拉硫磷对照品的研制,期望能对兽用化学药品对照品的研制提供一些参考意见和建议。     

参考群筛选方法及规模对基因型填充准确性的影响

为探究基于A矩阵期望遗传关系最大化（maximizing the expected genetic relationship for matrix A,RELA）、基于A矩阵目标群体遗传方差最小化（minimized the target population genetic variance for matrix A,MCA）、平均亲缘关系最大化（the highest mean kinship coefficients,KIN）、随机选择（random selection,RAN）、共同祖先筛选（common ancestor,CA）等不同参考群筛选方法及参考群规模对基因型填充准确性的影响。本研究使用矮小型黄羽肉鸡作为试验群体,采用鸡600K SNP芯片（Affymetrix Axion HD genotyping array）进行基因分型,测定435羽子代公鸡45、56、70、84、91日龄体重。利用Beagle软件将低密度SNP芯片填充为高密度SNP芯片数据,比较不同参考群筛选方法、参考群规模对基因型填充准确性的影响,以及填充芯片基因组预测准确性。结果表明,使用Beagle 4.0结合系谱信息进行填充效果最佳,其次为Beagle 4.0,而Beagle 5.1填充效果最差。使用MCA方法筛选参考群进行基因型填充准确性最高,使用RAN方法筛选参考群进行基因型填充准确性最低,MCA、RELA、CA 3种方法基因型填充准确性差别较小。相比其他方法,使用MCA方法筛选个体作为参考群将低密度SNP芯片填充至高密度SNP芯片进行基因组选择的预测准确性较高,与真实高密度SNP芯片的基因组预测准确性相差甚微。随着参考群规模增大,基因型填充准确性也随之增加,但增速逐渐下降,最后趋于平缓。综上所述,可以通过参考群筛选方法构建参考群以及控制参考群规模,以保证基因型填充和基因组预测准确性并节省成本,本研究为基因型填充在畜禽遗传育种中的应用提供技术参考。     

普氏野马血液生理参数测定及与家马的差异研究

本文受新疆林业厅委托测定了３４匹不同年龄的普氏野马血液生理参数。并且与蒙古马、当地马的血液生理参数进行了比较，比较结果表明，野马的多项红细胞值明显高于家马，而杆状型、分叶型嗜中性白细胞和单核细胞低于当地马。野马性别、年龄的血液生理参数值差异趋势与家马接近。     

氰戊菊酯对照品的质量检测及赋值

为研制兽用氰戊菊酯国家对照品。取氰戊菊酯原油精制得氰戊菊酯原料,经质量检查,最大紫外吸收波长为277 nm、熔点为53-54℃、水分为0.02%,用正相和反相两种高效液相色谱法测得纯度为99.8%,按质量平衡法进行含量赋值为99.8%,不确定度为±0.1%。     

猪瘟阴、阳性血清国家参照品候选物的均匀性考察

为了研制猪瘟阴、阳性血清国家参考品,对猪瘟病毒阴、阳性血清国家参考品候选物的均匀性进行检验。每亚批随机抽取16支样品,其中1支样品取样10次,其余样品取样1次,用猪瘟ELISA抗体检测试剂盒测定其OD450值,用t检验和F检验进行统计分析。结果显示,各组测定数据的均值与方差无显著差异。该批候选物是均匀的。     

我国台湾与大陆高校道德教育之比较

我国台湾与大陆高校都非常重视道德教育的改革。虽然两岸因社会制度、意识形态、教育模式不同,在道德教育理论、内容和方式途径上表现出较多差异性,但亦产生了道德教育规律的诸多共性。文中通过我国台湾与大陆高校道德教育之比较分析,提出借鉴台湾高校道德教育途径多样与学科渗透的做法,为大陆高校道德教育提供一些改革的思路。