重庆市甘薯病毒病种类及为害

调查和研究我国甘薯病毒病害种类、发生为害情况以及出现的新趋势,总结重庆市甘薯病毒病害的相关研究进展,以便采取相应的防治对策,促进重庆甘薯产业健康快速发展。     

我国甘薯脱毒种薯种苗繁育存在的问题及建议

病毒病是甘薯的重要病害, 种植脱毒健康种苗是防治病毒病?提高甘薯产量最有效的方法?近年来, 我国甘薯病毒及其传播介体的发生呈现出新的特点, 传统的脱毒种薯种苗繁育体系不能满足当前甘薯生产的需要?本文综述了当前我国甘薯病毒的种类及危害现状, 分析了我国甘薯脱毒种薯种苗繁育中存在的问题, 对规范和完善我国甘薯脱毒种薯种苗繁育体系提出了建议?     

甘薯根腐病药剂防治试验研究

甘薯根腐病,其病原菌为腐皮镰孢甘薯转化型,属半知菌亚门真菌。该病目前已成为威胁邹平县乃至山东省甘薯生产的重要病害。目前我国的防治方法多采用轮作换茬和选用     

甘薯茎线虫病药剂防治效果试验示范研究

甘薯茎线虫病是我国甘薯生产中最重要的病害,造成薯块糠心,品质和产量严重下降近年来驻马店市甘薯茎线虫发生日趋严重,防治滞后,为保障我市甘薯生产,2014年我们对甘薯茎线虫病进行了药剂防治试验和大田示范,选用克百威、丁硫克百成、噻唑膦、阿维菌素、淡紫拟青霉等5种新型药,采用群众易于接受的颗粒剂剂型和穴施的施药方法,结果表明,噻唑膦、克百威、丁硫克百威、阿维菌素防治效果均在90%以上,淡紫拟青霉为速效防效也可达到75%以上,增产效果显著,均可用于田间防治。     

多主棒孢和棒孢叶斑病的研究进展

多主棒孢Corynespora cassiicola是一种重要的植物病原真菌,寄主范围广泛,能够侵染530余种植物。由多主棒孢引起的棒孢叶斑病在橡胶、蔬菜等作物上流行性暴发,对农作物产业发展构成严重威胁。该文简述了多主棒孢的分类地位和形态特征,对该病原菌的遗传多样性和毒素蛋白结构等方面的研究进行了较为全面的概括。另外,总结了近年来国内外在棒孢叶斑病诊断和防治研究中取得的成果和存在的问题,并提出了我国多主棒孢病原学及病害防治方面的研究方向。     

广西3种甘薯薯块真菌性病害的病原鉴定

从广西玉林、崇左、南宁等市田间及农贸市场采集表现不同症状的甘薯薯块,通过对病原菌的形态特征观察、柯赫氏法则验证及rDNA ITS基因的序列分析,发现采集的甘薯薯块病害样品中有甘薯软腐病、甘薯根腐病和甘薯干腐病,鉴定结果为进一步开展甘薯薯块病害的防治提供依据。     

烟草曲茎病毒/DNAβ病害复合体研究进展

烟草曲茎病毒(Tobacco curly shoot virus, TbCSV)是从云南烟草上分离的双生病毒科Geminiviridae菜豆金色花叶病毒属Begomovirus的一个新种,在番茄和烟草上可引起严重的曲叶病。该病毒与伴随卫星DNAβ形成的病害复合体在病毒致病性、DNAβ与辅助病毒的伴随关系及调控症状的作用等方面均与其它双生病毒病害复合体不同,对其进化起源的研究表明,TbCSV在进化中介于需要卫星的双生病毒和真正的单组分双生病毒之间,因而针对TbCSV病害复合体的研究对于解读双生病毒的起源和遗传进化机制具有重要意义。作者从TbCSV病害复合体的发生危害、基因组结构、伴随小分子DNA、各DNA组分互作以及起源进化等方面综述了该病毒病害复合体的研究进展。     

甘薯瘟防治研究的初步报告

 甘薯瘟是一种在两广地区发生已有十多年厉史且为害剧烈的病害,又是广西南部各县甘薯生产上迫切需耍解决的问题。我们从1953年5月开始工作,本文是三年研究工作的总结,内容包括甘薯瘟的分布、为害情况、症状及病原、和田间防治试验结果。     

一种重要的甘薯新病害——甘薯基腐病

近年来,台州地区新发现了一种甘薯基部腐烂病害,经调查取样,其病原分离鉴定为甘薯基腐病菌(Plenodomus destruens),是我国大陆首次发现的一种新病害。本文介绍了甘薯基腐病的分布情况和症状识别,并结合文献对病原菌形态及病害发生特点进行了说明。提出了加强植物检疫、建立健康种苗制度、清洁田园、水旱轮作、薯田淹水和化学药剂预防等措施,以及从粮食安全的战略高度,加大经费投入,开展区域协作,研究甘薯主要病害和新入侵病害的致病成因、侵染循环等建议,为有效防控甘薯基腐病提供参考。     

生防菌盾壳霉ZS-1菌株对油菜菌核病的田间防治效果

油菜菌核病是由核盘菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum引起的重要病害。近年来,随着油菜免耕直播栽培技术的推广,油菜菌核病的发生呈逐年上升趋势。目前,防治油菜菌核病主要依赖化学防治,但过量施药给生态环境和食品安全带来极大压力。盾壳霉Coniothyrium minitans是核盘菌上的一种重要寄生菌,因其对多种作物菌核病具有防治作用,在一些国家和地区已被开发成商品制剂。但在田间利用盾壳霉防治油菜菌核病的研究鲜见报道。Cheng等和姜道宏等研究表明,分离自湖北省竹山县蔬菜种植园土壤的盾壳霉ZS-1菌株可产生大量分生孢子,对核盘菌菌核有极强寄生作用,且对油菜菌核病具有较好的田间防治效果。作者等于2008—2010年在湖北省黄冈市和武穴市的免耕直播田测定了盾壳霉ZS-1菌株对油菜菌核病的防治效果,并进行了大田示范试验。     

首次发现巴西果胶杆菌(Pectobacterium brasiliense)引起甘薯茎腐病

<正>Dickeya和Pectobacterium属细菌的植物寄主广泛,包括十字花科、茄科、百合科、伞形花科和禾本科等科的农作物^[1],所引发的细菌性软腐病严重影响农作物的产量和品质,造成严重经济损失,威胁农业生产和粮食安全。Dickeya和Pectobacterium属不同种的菌株能侵染同一种植物,产生相似的病症。如已发现能侵染马铃薯并导致软腐病害的有D. solani、D. dianthicola、D. dadantii、D.chrysanthemi、D. zeae、P. versatile、P. carotovorum、P. brasiliense、P. atrosepticum、P. betavasculorum、P. parmentieri、P. parvum、P. peruviense、P. polaris、P. actinidiae和P. punjabense等种的细菌^[2-3]。     

Identification and pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with root and stem rot of sweet potato in Brazil

The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is characterized by the production of tuberous roots rich in starch and is one of the most produced and consumed vegetables in Brazil. Botryosphaeriaceae, among other fungi, are known to cause root and stem rot of sweet potato. However, no representative and accurate study has been performed for the correct identification of these fungal species in sweet potato in Brazil. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with root and stem rot of sweet potato and confirm their pathogenicity. Tuberous roots and stems of sweet potato with rot symptoms were collected in production fields and markets and used for fungal isolations. The identification of fungi was based on the morphology of reproductive structures and phylogenetic analyses of the gene regions ITS, tef1-α, and rpb2. The following species were identified: Lasiodiplodia theobromae, L. hormozganensis, Macrophomina phaseolina, M. euphorbiicola, M. pseudophaseolina, and Neoscytalidium dimidiatum. For the pathogenicity test, one representative isolate for each species was inoculated in healthy tuberous roots and in 30-day-old healthy seedlings. Black and necrotic lesions on tuberous roots and stems were observed in all replications and resulted in the death of some seedlings. This is the first report of L. hormozganensis, M. pseudophaseolina, and M. euphorbiicola, as causal agents of the stem and root rot of sweet potato and N. dimidiatum as a causal agent of stem rot worldwide.     

基于Dickeya dadantii特有标志基因检测甘薯茎腐病菌

 甘薯细菌性茎腐病是由达旦提狄克氏菌(Dickeya dadantii)引起的一种检疫性病害,近年来在我国多地发生,严重威胁我国甘薯产业的发展。建立特异灵敏的检测D. dadantii的方法对于鉴定检疫病原菌、田间监测病原菌和防控病害有重要意义。本研究对Dickeya属菌株的全基因组序列进行比较基因组学分析,筛选到D. dadantii特有的标志基因,针对标志基因设计引物,其中针对编码登录号为WP_077245517未知蛋白基因的1对引物Dad1-F(5′-CATATCAACCAGACCAGCCGTT-3′)和Dad1-R(5′-CGGCCTGCTTTTAAACAACGTATTA-3′)能只从D. dadantii扩增到167 bp目的片段。由此建立了特异灵敏的常规PCR和实时荧光定量PCR检测D. dadantii的方法,为鉴定检疫甘薯茎腐病病原菌和田间监测病害提供了有效方法。     

基于Dickeya dadantii特有标志基因检测甘薯茎腐病菌

 甘薯细菌性茎腐病是由达旦提狄克氏菌(Dickeya dadantii)引起的一种检疫性病害,近年来在我国多地发生,严重威胁我国甘薯产业的发展。建立特异灵敏的检测D. dadantii的方法对于鉴定检疫病原菌、田间监测病原菌和防控病害有重要意义。本研究对Dickeya属菌株的全基因组序列进行比较基因组学分析,筛选到D. dadantii特有的标志基因,针对标志基因设计引物,其中针对编码登录号为WP_077245517未知蛋白基因的1对引物Dad1-F(5′-CATATCAACCAGACCAGCCGTT-3′)和Dad1-R(5′-CGGCCTGCTTTTAAACAACGTATTA-3′)能只从D. dadantii扩增到167 bp目的片段。由此建立了特异灵敏的常规PCR和实时荧光定量PCR检测D. dadantii的方法,为鉴定检疫甘薯茎腐病病原菌和田间监测病害提供了有效方法。     

Bacterial wilt of sweet potato caused by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ralstonia solanacearum</Emphasis> in Taiwan

During the last decade, a new bacterial disease has impaired the yield of vegetable sweet potato (30–80%) in Taiwan. Infected plants developed stunting, root and stem rot, vascular discoloration and wilting. Ten bacterial isolates that caused the same symptoms in sweet potatoes after inoculation were reisolated and classified as Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype I biovar 4 based on physical and molecular analyses. Moreover, these isolates also caused wilting in convolvulaceous, solanaceaous and cruciferous plants. This report is the first of bacterial wilt of sweet potato caused by R. solanacearum in Taiwan.     

甘薯茎腐病症状及其病原鉴定

 甘薯茎腐病是危害甘薯的一种严重病害,甘薯茎、叶柄、叶片和块根均可被害。该病典型症状是茎基部发黑和变软腐烂,叶发黄,茎和块根维管束黑褐色,引起块根腐烂、有臭味。通过对甘薯茎腐病典型症状样本的采集、病原菌的分离和纯化以及致病性测定,明确该病害是一种细菌病害。通过对甘薯茎腐病菌的菌体形态和培养特性观察发现,病原菌是革兰氏阴性细菌,菌体短杆状,大小约为2.36 μm×0.4 μm, 周生鞭毛,可在烟草上激发过敏性反应(HR)。Biolog测定、脂肪酸分析、16S rDNA序列分析、MALDI-TOF质谱鉴定和8个看家基因(dnaX、rplB、fusA、gapA、gyrA、purA、recA和rpoS)的序列系统发育分析,发现该病原菌与达旦提狄克氏菌Dickeya dadantii高度一致。这些结果说明,浙江省发生的小番薯病害是甘薯茎腐病,病原为D. dadantii。     

银杏茎腐病的防治试验

 前言炭腐病菌[Macrophomina phaszoli(Maubl.) Ashby]在江苏、浙江、安徽、山东、福建,江西等地發现。受害植物有黄麻、芝麻、豇豆、花生、向日葵、大麻、番藷、烟草、棉花等作物及松、柏、麻櫟、板栗、洋槐、杜仲及銀杏等的苗木。銀杏受害很重,在南京是育苗的障碍。     

Control of soil rot of sweet potato by the incorporation of the fresh aerial tissue of Geranium carolinianum L. into the soil

In a previous study, we found that a 70% aqueous ethanol extract of the fresh aerial tissue of Geranium carolinianum L. showed antimicrobial activity against the pathogen causing soil rot of sweet potato. As the appropriate time for cultivation of sweet potato and the growing period of G. carolinianum do not overlap in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, the fresh aerial tissue is available in order to control soil rot of sweet potato. Thus, we examined the control effect of fresh aerial tissue against soil rot of sweet potato. The various trials (a single repetition of 20 m²) were performed in fields that had undergone 8 years of continuous cropping of sweet potato at Okinawa Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station, Horticultural branch. After harvest, when the disease severity was evaluated by determining the necrotic area of the storage root, the incorporation of fresh aerial tissue (5000 kg 1000 m^-2) into the soil was considered to be highly effective, with a protective value of 75.4. This result shows that G. carolinianum could be used as a biological agent for the control of soil rot of sweet potato.     

Foot rot disease of sweet potato in Japan caused by Diaporthe destruens: first report,pathogenicity and taxonomy

Journal of General Plant Pathology - Foot rot, also known as stem rot or tuber-root rot syndrome, on sweet potato occurs in sweet potato fields in Okinawa, Japan. Isolates of one fungal species...     

一种马铃薯根茎腐烂病病原鉴定

正马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)为茄科茄属植物,是全世界广泛种植的重要粮食作物~([1])。马铃薯为人们提供了丰富的营养物质,如碳水化合物、多种微量营养素和有利于健康的膳食纤维~([2,3])。马铃薯根茎腐烂病由多种病原菌引起,是马铃薯采后的主要病害~([4])。甘薯长喙壳菌也引起多种植物果实腐烂,如巴西首次报道甘薯长喙壳菌侵染鸡蛋