·科·技·推·广·要·靠·效·益·吸·引·

·科·技·推·广·要·靠·效·益·吸·引·赵瑞海（河北兴隆县畜牧技术推广总站０６７３００）时下总听到一些基层科技人员说：如今推广科技相当难，过去农村有生产队，一些技术一号召只靠行政命令就能推广下去，而现在一家一户自主经营，自由种植，科技推广工作还象过...     

犬·伊·维·菌·素·中·毒·病·例·报·告

1 病例 河南省中牟县某个体藏獒场,2010年10月12日对其9只6月龄左右的藏獒采用10倍治疗量注射制剂的伊维菌素进行体外驱虫,用药后2h左右均出现了不同程度的中毒症状,主人采取了相应措施后,于3h后最终造成了其中4只藏獒死亡,3只生理指标接近正常,2只病情危重,随后主人携带病犬前来我校兽医门诊就诊,来到门诊后立即对2只病重藏獒犬实施抢救. 病犬主要症状:该2只病犬均不能站立,肢体软弱,嘴角大量流涎,舌伸出口外,呼吸、心跳微弱,眼角膜混浊呈蓝色,反应极差,接近休克状态,体温分别为36.8℃、35.2℃.     

天·山·马·鹿·肠·毒·血·症·的·诊·断

2005年，新疆库尔勒某养鹿场鹿群发生了疑似肠毒血症的急性传染病，通过实验室检测手段对该病进行病原学诊断以及病理学观察，结果证实为魏氏梭菌感染。报告如下。     

兔·卵·母·细·胞·孤·雌·激·活·的·研·究

本研究探讨了兔卵母细胞孤雌激活的方法。兔卵母细胞经7%乙醇单独激活处理5min的卵裂率(13.0%),显著低于乙醇处理后在2mmol/LDMAP继续处理3h(48.1%)和5μmol/L离子霉素处理后在DMAP继续处理3h的卵母细胞(92.2%);离子霉素+DMAP处理组的囊胚发育率(27.1%)亦显著(P<0.05)高于乙醇+DMAP处理组(15.4%)和乙醇单独处理组(0%)。当用离子霉素和DMAP激活处理时,注射hCG后18h卵母细胞的卵裂率(92.1%)和囊胚率(35.3%)最高2,4h后卵母细胞的卵裂率(19.0%)和囊胚发育率(4.2%)均显著(P<0.05)下降。卵母细胞经离子霉素激活处理后,在DMAP继续处理1、35、h的卵裂率差异显著(P<0.05);而囊胚发育率无显著(P>0.05)差异。离子霉素和DMAP处理后再电激1次对卵母细胞的卵裂率(83.3%、80.0%)和囊胚率(30.0%、27.0%)无显著(P>0.05)影响。以上研究表明:离子霉素+DMAP是兔卵母细胞最有效的激活方法,注射hCG后18h的卵母细胞可取得较好的激活效果。     

犬·椎·间·盘·疾·病·的·X·线·诊·断

犬椎间盘疾病（Intervertebral disc disease，IVDD）是由犬脊椎椎间盘的退化和脱出引起的疾病。IVDD主要指椎间盘突出症，是因椎间盘变性、纤维环破裂，髓核向背侧突出压迫脊髓而引起的，以运动障碍为主要特征的脊椎疾病，多犬种都可发病。临床上晚期X线检查可确诊，但早期和中期病变不明显时，X线诊断确诊有一定难度。为了对本病有更清楚的认识，以便及早确诊，我们对23例本病患犬进行X线诊断和X光片对比研究，为该病的诊断提供资料。     

手·术·治·疗·犬·髌·骨·外·方·脱·位

犬髌骨脱位是指犬的髌骨由于先天性或后天性因素造成滑车嵴变浅或髌骨韧带撕裂导致的髌骨脱至滑车的两侧,使患肢失去正常的屈伸能力,影响正常行走、跳跃等的一种关节疾病.     

崇·左·市·猪·旋·毛·虫·感·染·情·况

广西是旋毛虫感染较严重的老疫区。据统计，1988—1989年广西采用压片镜检法检查屠宰猪1395头，检出阳性56头，阳性率为4．01%。为了全面了解崇左市屠宰生猪的旋毛虫感染情况，及时制订旋毛虫病的防制措施，2002年8月至2004年11月，我们采用ELISA法对全市7个县（市、区）的主要屠宰场进行了猪旋毛虫病普查。     

牛·白·细·胞·粘·附·缺·陷·病·的·诊·断

牛白细胞粘附缺陷病（bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency,BLAD）是一种常染色体单基因隐性遗传疾病,病因为白细胞表面整合素β（CD18）亚单位的编码383位碱基由A突变为G所致。自1983年报道本病发生以来,BLAD已给奶牛业造成了巨大的经济损失。2004年10月我们在进行本病调查时,在黑龙江省大庆市某奶牛繁殖育种中心发现1头编号为1054的奶牛患有BLAD,报道如下。     

肥·大·细·胞·与·奶·牛·蹄·叶·炎

奶牛蹄叶炎的确切病因和发病机制没有一致性的结论。陈家璞认为蹄叶炎的主要原因是组胺、毒素和代谢紊乱，而组胺本身就是肥大细胞所释放的生物活性物质之一。关于肥大细胞及其所释放的多种生物活性物质，在生理和病理过程中发挥重要作用已有许多文献报道。尤其是分布于皮肤内的肥大细胞释放组胺、肝素、类胰蛋白酶、类糜蛋白酶、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF—α）、白三烯、前列腺素（PG）、细胞因子等参与Ⅰ型变态反应及许多皮肤性疾病如银屑病、增生性瘢痕、瘢痕性疙瘩、特应性皮炎等疾病的病理过程。但肥大细胞及其所释放的以上生物活性物质在奶牛蹄叶炎发病机制中的作用尚未见报道，故本文应用组织化学方法观察蹄叶炎奶牛蹄部的组织结构、肥大细胞的数量、分布及组化性质，探讨肥大细胞在奶牛蹄叶炎发病过程中的作用，为奶牛蹄叶炎的防治提供新的理论依据。     

家·兔·微·粒·皮·肤·移·植·试·验

目前在动物临床上,所见皮肤移植均为皮肤微粒或嵌植移植,微粒体移植是北京积水潭医院张名良于上世纪80年代创立的一种新的皮肤移植技术,即:微粒皮肤移植术。目前此项技术已在人医方面推广应用。其基本原理既是皮片的扩张,主要是依靠边缘细胞同一面积的皮片分割愈小总的边缘愈长,处于皮片边缘的细胞愈多,扩展率愈大。目前此项技术在动物方面的应用还未见报道,因此我们欲将此项先进技术应用到动物医学中来,为动物临床提供一种新的治疗手段。本试验采用微粒皮肤移植技术,在家兔体上进行自体皮肤移植,来尝试和掌握这种新技术,为今后的动物临床提…     

电感耦合等离子-质谱法测定饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅

应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

Supplementation of broodmares with copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium

In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum.     

Comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, and Shorthorn breeds for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and condition score of cows

Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物尿液中11种β-受体激动剂残留量的不确定度评估

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物尿液中11种β-受体激动剂残留量,对标准溶液、体积、质谱峰面积、浓缩过程及回收率等测定不确定度因素进行了分析,通过评定各不确定度分量及标准不确定度,得出11种β-受体激动剂的扩展不确定度在0.7 ～ 1.1 ng/mL范围内.由各因素对合成不确定度的贡献比分析可知,影响较大的因素为试验回收率及标准溶液浓度.     

Granulocyte isolation from whole blood of goat, sheep, cattle, horse, dog, pig, and man

A simple two step procedure for the isolation of caprine, ovine, bovine, equine, canine, porcine and human peripheral blood granulocytes is described. After enrichment of granulocytes by centrifugation, contaminating erythrocytes are lysed hypotonically. Recovery, purity, and viability of the granulocyte suspensions are determined. FACScan analysis of the cell suspensions measuring cellular size by forward and sideward light scatter is compared with the corresponding analysis of whole blood leukocytes. Constituencies of the isolated cell suspensions and loss of granulocyte subpopulations through isolation procedure is discussed with regard to granulocyte function assays.