仿刺参体腔液的抗菌特性

为了解仿刺参体腔液的抗菌谱以及不同二价金属离子对仿刺参体腔液抗菌活性的影响,实验采用生长曲线测定法分别测定了仿刺参体腔细胞破碎液上清和体腔液上清对哈维氏弧菌、灿烂弧菌、希瓦氏菌、假交替单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、溶壁微球菌、停乳链球菌、拟诺卡式菌生长的影响,并通过该法以溶壁微球菌为受试菌测定了海洋环境中常见的Fe2+、Ca2+、Cd2+、Mg2+、Mn2+、Zn2+对仿刺参体腔液上清抗菌活性的影响。结果显示,仿刺参体腔细胞破碎液上清对受试的8株细菌的生长均无抑制作用,体腔液上清对溶壁微球菌的生长有明显的抑制作用,而对其他7株受试菌的生长无明显影响;Mn2+和Zn2+可明显增强体腔液上清对溶壁微球菌的生长抑制作用,而Fe2+、Ca2+、Cd2+、Mg2+对体腔液上清的抗菌活性无明显影响。研究表明,仿刺参体腔液在体外状态下只具有窄谱抗菌活性,与抗菌相关的免疫因子主要存在于体腔液上清中;体腔液中的抗菌免疫因子对海洋环境中的常见二价金属离子有一定的适应性,而且适当浓度的Mn2+和Zn2+可能具有促进仿刺参抗菌应答能力的作用。     

壳聚糖对Cd2+和Pb2+的吸附作用

为开发新型吸附剂,降低重金属对水体的污染,研究了壳聚糖对Cd²⁺和Pb²⁺的吸附条件,探讨了pH、温度、反应时间、壳聚糖添加量和金属离子初始浓度等因素对壳聚糖吸附性能的影响。结果表明,pH 7~8和pH 5~6条件下壳聚糖对Cd²⁺和Pb²⁺的吸附能力最强;低温有利于壳聚糖的吸附;在8 h时壳聚糖对Cd²⁺的吸附容量达到最大,而对Pb²⁺的吸附在实验时间内是随着吸附时间的延长而增大;随着壳聚糖添加量的增加,其对Cd²⁺和Pb²⁺的吸附能力也增强;初始金属离子浓度的变化对Cd²⁺的影响不大,而在高的金属浓度下对Pb²⁺的吸附率显著降低。壳聚糖对Cd²⁺、Pb²⁺的吸附动力学和热力学分别符合Lagergren方程二级吸附模型和Langmuir吸附方程。研究表明,壳聚糖对不同金属离子的吸附能力不同,在单一金属溶液中,壳聚糖对Cd²⁺的吸附能力要强于对Pb²⁺的吸附能力。系统地研究了壳聚糖对Cd²⁺和Pb²⁺的吸附条件及性能,为壳聚糖作为重金属吸附剂的应用提供理论依据。     

Effects of hypoxia on immune responses and carbohydrate metabolism in the Chinese mitten crab,Eriocheir sinensis

In aquaculture, hypoxia is an important stressor that can inhibit the healthy development of Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. The aim of this work was to research on how hypoxia (1 mg/L) followed by reoxygenation affects the immune response and carbohydrate metabolism in the Chinese mitten crab. The activities of immune‐related enzymes including lysozyme (LZM), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and phenoloxidase (PO) and concentration changes in haemolymph glucose, trehalose and hepatic glycogen were evaluated after 8 hr of hypoxia followed by 12 hr of reoxygenation. After 8 hr of hypoxia, the activities of LZM, PO, SOD and hepatic glycogen concentration significantly decreased to the minimum when compared to the control group, but the activities of ACP and AKP, and haemolymph glucose concentration significantly increased. After 12 hr of reoxygenation, the activities of LZM, ACP, AKP and SOD recovered to the normal level except SOD in plasma, while the PO, SOD in plasma and hepatic glycogen concentration were still significantly lower than the control level. No significant change was observed in trehalose concentration during hypoxia and reoxygenation periods. These results indicated that although the activities of ACP and AKP were likely increased to facilitate the hydrolysis of foreign matter, the overall strength of the immune response was decreased as LZM, PO and SOD activities were suppressed after exposure to hypoxic conditions. The energy stores of exposed crabs were reduced due to the expenditure of energy during exposure to hypoxic stress. In general, chronic hypoxia would impair the immunocompetence and increase the energy expenditure of Chinese mitten crab, further increased the risk of pathogen infection and feed coefficient, so the negative effects of hypoxia should not be ignored.     

Preliminary study on zeolite materials used to control of heavy metal pollution during the culture of mud clam Tegillarca granosa L.

To control heavy metal pollution during the culture of the mud clam, Tegillarca granosa L., the isothermal static adsorption capacities of three adsorption materials [natural zeolites, zeolites synthesized from kaolin and zeolites synthesized from coal fly ash (ZFA)] towards Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, Cr⁶⁺, Zn²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Hg²⁺ in seawater were investigated. The adsorption capacity of the best material was investigated during the culture of mud clam in an artificially polluted environment. Results showed that the ZFA adsorption capacity was the highest and conformed to the Freundlich model. The theoretical maximum adsorption capacities of the adsorbent towards Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, Cr⁶⁺, Zn²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Hg²⁺ in seawater were 3.057, 1.123, 0.325, 13.101, 6.116 mg g^?1 and 6.527 μg g^?1 respectively. For seawater artificially polluted by six heavy metals, heavy metal adsorption by ZFA followed the order Zn²⁺ > Cd²⁺ > Hg²⁺ > Cu²⁺ > Pb²⁺ > Cr⁶⁺. For the mud clam culturing experiment that simulated a continuously polluted water source, the Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, Cr⁶⁺, Zn²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Hg²⁺ contents of mud clam tissues decreased by 40.9%, 25.8%, 9.6%, 28.2%, ?27.8% and 25.7%, respectively, after 21 days of culturing compared with the contents before the experiment.     

Seasonal variations of immune parameters in the coelomic fluid of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus cultured in pond

In order to understand the effects of seasonal change on the immunity of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus cultured in pond, A. japonicus with body weight of 12.2 ± 4.5 g (sample A) and 32.6 ± 7.1 g (sample B), respectively, were collected monthly and randomly from a typical pond during a year cycle and employed for the evaluation of immunocompetence. Simultaneously, the environmental factors in the pond including water temperature, pH, salinity and dissolved oxygen (DO) were measured using a handheld multiparameter meter. The activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lysozyme (LYZ), phenoloxidase (PO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the coelomic fluid were selected for the evaluation of A. japonicus immunocompetence and determined using biochemical methods. The results showed that in both samples, the activities of all determined enzymes had small values in winter and early spring, and LYZ, CAT and MPO activities also presented small values in summer, suggesting that pond‐cultured A. japonicus underwent immunosuppression twice during a year cycle, and the immunosuppression occurred in winter and early spring was more severe than that occurred in summer. In addition, most of the determined enzymes showed different variations between the two samples, and had significantly negative correlation with protein concentration, which was significantly and negatively correlated with water temperature, revealing that body weight and water temperature might have crucial effects on the immunity of A. japonicus cultured in pond.     

Mechanism of Cd<Superscript>2+</Superscript> on DNA cleavage and Ca<Superscript>2+</Superscript> on DNA repair in liver of silver crucian carp

The subject of acute injury, apoptosis and canceration of animals induced by heavy metal ions has been one of the hotspots studied worldwide. However, the exact molecular mechanism of Cd-induced carcinogenicity remains largely unclear, and how to relieve the toxicity in vivo has rarely been reported. For this paper, we have investigated the mechanism of Cd²⁺ on DNA cleavage and Ca²⁺ on DNA repair in the liver of silver crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) by agarose gel electrophoresis methods and by estimating biochemical indexes. Our results show that Cd²⁺ induces the classical laddering degradation of DNA in vivo and that DNA cleavage is repaired after injection with Ca²⁺ under various Cd²⁺ concentrations. DNA cleavage caused by Cd²⁺ is due to the activation of deoxyribonuclease (DNase) and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, Cd²⁺ destroys the antioxidant system, which diminishes the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD), causing an increase of the lipid peroxidation (LPO) level, respectively. However, after the liver is injected with Ca²⁺ under various Cd²⁺ concentrations, the DNase activity, the ROS generating rate and the LPO level are obviously reduced, the activities of SOD, CAT, and POD are greatly increased. At the same time, ROS production and removal recoves its balance. The results show that Ca²⁺ can relieve the toxicity of Cd²⁺ in silver crucian carp.     

Immunopotentiating Effect of Small Peptides on Primary Culture Coelomocytes of Sea Cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus

The in vitro effect of small peptides on the nonspecific immune response of sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus, coelomocytes was studied. Coelomocytes were cultured in L‐15 medium containing different concentrations of small peptide (0, 5, 25, and 100 µg/mL). Coelomocytes were incubated with the above immunostimulant for 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. Coelomocytes incubated in the medium without immunostimulants were taken as controls at each incubation time. After exposure to small peptides, the coelomocytes were sampled and immune parameters namely, phagocytosis activity, respiratory burst activity, as well as activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined. All immune parameters were significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced by small peptides. Both phagocytic capacity and respiratory burst activity were up to maximum values at 6 h, and these values were 1.6 and 1.1 times as high as the control group, respectively. Among the humoral responses, the activities of ACP, AKP, and SOD were also up to maximum values at 6 h. The values were 1.4, 1.3, and 1.4 times as high as the control group, respectively. These results suggest that small peptides can enhance the nonspecific immune response of sea cucumber in vitro.     

病毒感染后杂色鲍部分血清免疫因子的变化

对杂色鲍(HaliotisdiversicolorReeve)进行病毒悬液和PBS(对照)注射感染,研究其血清免疫因子SOD、ACP、AKP、MPO活性的变化,并对实验结果进行统计学分析。结果表明,(1)注射病毒悬液组SOD活性变化为逐渐上升,至8h后达到最高点,然后逐渐下降;对照组SOD活力呈下降趋势,8h后上升,12h后恢复至初始水平,二者结果差异均为显著或极显著(P<0 05或P<0 01)。(2)注射病毒悬液组ACP与AKP活性的变化为:36h前变化不大,48h后明显上升;对照组ACP和AKP活性变化不大,二者结果除了第48小时外,差异均不显著(P>0 05)。(3)注射病毒悬液组MPO活性在第1小时内上升,然后逐渐下降,第8小时下降到最低点,随后逐渐上升;对照组在第1小时内下降,然后逐渐上升,第12小时升至最高点,然后逐渐下降,48h后与正常鲍活性基本一致。t检验显示,这两组结果在第1、4、8、24、36、48h差异显著或极显著(P<0 05或P<0 01),在第2、12小时差异不显著。结果显示,在人工感染病毒48h内,杂色鲍体内的免疫因子发生了明显的变化,血清中SOD活性降低,ACP及AKP活性显著升高,MPO活性显著升高。     

Cd2+、Hg2+、Pb2+抑制罗非鱼EOG反应的研究

将不同浓度Cd     

Inhibitory properties of some heavy metals on carbonic anhydrase I and II isozymes activities purified from Van Lake fish (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Chalcalburnus Tarichi</Emphasis>) gill

In this study, CA I and II isoenzymes were purified from Van Lake fish gills by using Sepharose-4B-L-tyrosine-sulfanilamide affinity chromatography and to determine the effects of some metals on the enzyme activities. For purified CA I isoenzyme, yield, specific activity, and purification fold were obtained as 42.07%, 4948.12 EU/mg protein, and 116.61 and for CA II isoenzyme, 7%, 1798.56 EU/mg protein, and 42.38 respectively. Activity of CA was determined by measuring “CO₂-hydratase activity”. Purity control was checked by SDS-PAGE. In vitro inhibitory effect of Cu²⁺, Ag⁺, Cd²⁺, Ni²⁺ metal ions, and arsenic (V) oxide were also examined for both isozymes activities. Whereas Cu²⁺, Ag⁺, Cd²⁺, and Ni²⁺ ions showed inhibitory effects on both isozymes, arsenic (V) oxide showed activation effect. IC₅₀ values were calculated by drawing activity %-[I] graphs for metal ions exhibiting inhibitory effects. IC₅₀ values were determined as 3.39, 6.38, 13.52, and 206 μM for CA I isozyme and 6.16, 20.29, 46, and 223 μM for CA II isozyme respectively.     

转vp28蓝藻口服剂对凡纳滨对虾抗白斑综合征病毒能力及免疫反应的影响

为探讨转vp28蓝藻(Anabaena sp.PCC7120)口服剂对凡纳滨对虾抗白斑综合征病毒能力及其相应的免疫反应,本研究将此口服剂免疫幼虾7 d,再分别通过投喂攻毒和浸泡攻毒,测定其存活率及相应的免疫指标。投喂攻毒和浸泡攻毒的实验组存活率分别为78.8%和83.19%,表明该口服剂能显著增强对虾抗白斑综合征病毒的能力。蓝藻口服剂免疫对虾的酶活性检测结果显示,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、酚氧化酶(PO)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性在免疫后2 h均有上升趋势,且在48或96 h达到最高值,这表明该口服剂能引起对虾体内酶活性变化。投喂攻毒的对虾酶活性检测结果显示,实验组攻毒后的对虾肝胰腺SOD活性分别比阳性对照组、野生型组、空载体组显著提高42.10%、32.26%和16.04%,且攻毒后的肌肉SOD活性分别比阴性对照组、阳性对照组、野生型组和空载体组略微提高17.70%、11.50%、15.00%以及10.00%。实验组攻毒后的对虾肝胰腺PO、CAT和AKP活性比阳性对照组分别提高12.17%、88.80%和240.07%,比野生型组分别提高21.49%、30.90%和100%;酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性比阴性对照组略微提高,而在肌肉中各组ACP活性无显著性差异。同时浸泡攻毒组结果与投喂攻毒组具有类似的趋势。浸泡攻毒的实验组CAT和AKP活性显著高于其余处理组,且CAT活性比投喂攻毒更为显著。浸泡攻毒的实验组肝胰腺PO活性显著高于阳性对照组、野生型组和空载体组,而各组肌肉ACP活性无显著性差异。研究表明,转vp28蓝藻口服剂能够增强凡纳滨对虾抗病能力并延缓对虾死亡。转vp28蓝藻PCC7120本身可作为幼虾饵料直接投喂,无需提取纯化,有望大规模应用于对虾养殖产业。     

Antioxidative role of selenium against the toxic effect of heavy metals (Cd<Superscript>+2</Superscript>, Cr<Superscript>+3</Superscript>) on liver of rainbow trout (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oncorhynchus mykiss</Emphasis> Walbaum 1792)

The main purpose of this study is to discuss the effect of Cd⁺², Cr⁺³ and Se metals on biochemical parameters in liver tissue of Oncorhynchus mykiss. The rainbow trout were exposed to heavy metal stress (Cd⁺², Cr⁺³) at 2 ppm dosage. The present study was undertaken to determine the protective effect of selenium treatment at the same dosage (2 ppm) on some biochemical parameters. The activity of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the changes in levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) from biochemical parameters were determined in liver tissue of the fish groups exposed to heavy metals, especially for the selenium-applied groups. Results of this study showed that the activities of CAT, GSH-Px and SOD in the tissues of fish exposed to the stress of Cd⁺² and Cr⁺³ were significantly lower than the control groups (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the closer values to the control groups were obtained in selenium-added groups (Cr⁺³ + Se⁺⁴, Cd⁺² + Se⁺⁴). For the level of MDA, the last production of lipid peroxidation showed increases (P < 0.05) in the groups exposed to the metal stress, whereas significant decreases were obtained in selenium-applied groups. The result of the statistical evaluation showed that the negative effects occurring in the biochemical parameters of the applied groups exposed to the toxicity of heavy metal were significantly eliminated (P < 0.05) as a result of selenium treatment.     

中华绒螯蟹感染“颤抖病”病毒后血清免疫因子的变化

对中华绒螯蟹进行颤抖病病毒悬液和PBS(对照)注射感染,研究其血清免疫因子抗菌活性(Ua)、溶菌活性(UL)、凝集活性(HA)、酚氧化酶(PO)、过氧化酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(S0D)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性的变化,并对实验的结果进行统计学分析。结果表明,在中华绒螯蟹人工感染颤抖病病毒后,蟹体内的免疫因子发生了明显的变化,血清中Ua、UL活性先是降低,然后上升至高于正常值水平。P0活性先上升然后下降至低于正常值水平,POD、HA、SOD活性逐渐升高至显著水平;ACP及AKP活性则显著下降。     

扇贝内脏团中耐镉菌株的分离及其吸附镉机理

为探讨扇贝内脏团中微生态系统与扇贝高能力富集镉(Cd)的关系,从自然环境中采集的栉孔扇贝内脏团中分离、纯化了2株耐Cd细菌(编号为菌株A和B),运用16S rDNA基因序列进行分子鉴定,通过金属吸附实验研究了耐Cd菌株对Cd的吸附能力及其对Cd的吸附特性,并利用扫描电镜、透射电镜相结合的方法研究了Cd胁迫条件下耐镉菌株细胞形态与结构变化,探讨了其对Cd的吸附机理。结果显示,2株菌株(A和B)在固体培养基上能耐受Cd的浓度分别为100和80 mg/L。经16S rDNA测序鉴定菌株A与Nitratireductor sp.亲源关系最近,菌株B与Ruegeria sp.亲源关系最近。2株菌株对Cd的吸附率远高于铜(Cu)、锰(Mn)、锌(Zn)和铅(Pb)等重金属。在50 mg/L Cd浓度的液体培养基中,菌株A、B对Cd富集量分别为48.57和42.14 mg/g,富集系数分别为971.4和842.8。电镜观察结果显示,经过Cd处理后,2菌株数量均有所减少,细胞中出现空泡,菌株A细胞外沉淀增多,菌株B表面变得粗糙且出现凹陷,表明胞外沉积作用可能是耐Cd菌株对Cd富集作用的重要途径。     

WSSV＋斑节对虾的血清免疫相关酶对人工感染WSSV粗提液的反应

用含3×103拷贝·g^-1、6×1062拷贝·g^-1和2×10^2拷贝·g^-1的对虾白斑综合征病毒（white spot syndrome virus,WSSV）粗提液和PBS液（对照）注射感染病毒携带量约1×10^5拷贝·g^-1的斑节对虾（Penaeusmonodon）,分别于第15分钟、第30分钟、第1小时、第3小时、第6小时、第12小时、第24小时、第48小时、第72小时取样,研究了WSSV感染对斑节对虾血清内酸性磷酸酶（acidphosphatase,ACP）、碱性磷酸酶（alkalinephospha—tase,AKP）、酚氧化酶（phenoloxidase,PO）、过氧化物酶（peroxidase,POD）和超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）活性的影响。结果表明,在3种感染浓度下ACP、AKP、SOD活性总体呈现先上升后下降随后上升的趋势,其中SOD活性后期水平显著高于初期;PO、POD活性总体呈现先下降后上升随后下降最后上升的趋势,但PO后期活性水平与初期相当,而POD后期活性水平显著高于初期。各免疫相关酶的反应强度与WSSV的感染浓度存在一定关系,除ACP外其余4种酶的活性变化均以6×10^2拷贝·mL^-1浓度组最为敏感。PBS组5种免疫酶活性变化幅度均显著小于3种WSSV浓度感染组。     

The effects of hairtail protein hydrolysate–Fe<Superscript>2+</Superscript> complexes on growth and non-specific immune response of red swamp crayfish (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Procambarus clarkii</Emphasis>)

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of prepared hairtail protein hydrolysate–Fe²⁺ (PH–Fe²⁺) complexes on growth and non-specific immune responses of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). The diets with five different levels of PH–Fe²⁺ (200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 mg/kg) were fed to crayfish for 60 days. The results indicated that the survival rate, weight gain percentage, specific growth rate, and muscle index of crayfish with 400–1000 mg/kg of PH–Fe²⁺ feeding were significantly higher, 9.94–10.10, 8.55–8.72, 0.24–0.29 %/day, and 2.39–3.05 %, respectively, than the control values after 60 days of feeding. Additionally, after 30 days of feeding, 200–400 mg/kg of PH–Fe²⁺ showed no significant (P > 0.05) improvement effect on activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), phenoloxidase (PO), lysozyme (LSZ), and acid phosphatase (ACP) in serum or hepatopancreas of crayfish. However, significant improvement effects were observed in 800–1000 mg/kg groups. After 60 days of feeding, 400–600 mg/kg of PH–Fe²⁺ significantly (P < 0.05) improved the activity of SOD and LSZ, but did not affect the activity of PO and ACP significantly (P > 0.05). Moreover, the activities of SOD, PO, LSZ, and ACP in serum and hepatopancreas were all significantly enhanced upon treatment with 800–1000 mg/kg of PH–Fe²⁺. For these reasons, PH–Fe²⁺ can be recommended as a supplement in crayfish feed to increase the growth and immunity.     

Effects of sodium selenite on some biochemical and hematological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) exposed to Pb2+ and Cu2+

This study was carried out to understand the preventive effect of selenium (Se⁴⁺) on heavy metal stress induced by lead and copper in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Variation in glutathione peroxidase (Se-GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in liver, spleen, heart, and brain tissues of rainbow trout after 72 h of exposure to Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺ were investigated in the presence and absence of Se⁴⁺. In the presence of Se⁴⁺, Se-GSH-Px activity and SOD activity were found to be higher and MDA levels were lower compared with in its absence. Hematological parameters were also determined and it has been observed that total leukocyte count (WBC), mean cell volume (MCV), and mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) were increased and erythrocyte number (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit value (Hct; P < 0.05) were decreased in fish exposed to heavy metals in the absence of selenium. Selenium presence recovered hematological parameters to normal levels. In the light of our findings, it could be stated that Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺ lead to dramatic changes in biochemical and hematological parameters and selenium caused these parameters to converge to control levels when it was administered concurrently with these heavy metals.     

Effects of salinity on the physiological responses of the large yellow croaker Pseudosciaena crocea under indoor culture conditions

The physiological responses to different environmental salinities were assessed in juveniles of large yellow croaker Pseudosciaena crocea. This species shows a good capacity to adapt to comparatively low environmental salinities by evaluating some physiological responses, i.e. superoxide dismutase (SOD), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and lysozyme (LZM) in the liver, spleen, gill and kidney respectively. Growth and survival at salinity 5‰, 10‰ and 25‰ were better than those at salinity 15‰ and 20‰. No significant differences in ACP, AKP, SOD and LZM in the liver were observed among different salinity treatments; SOD, AKP and LZM in the spleen among different treatments only showed significant differences at the beginning or the 2nd week; in the gill, no significant difference of AKP and LZM were observed during the whole experiment, SOD among different treatments showed significant difference at the beginning and the 8th week, and ACP only showed significant difference at the end of the experiment; in the kidney, significant differences in ACP, AKP and SOD among different salinities were merely observed at the end of experiment, and LZM showed significant difference among different treatments at the 2nd week. Overall, some slight stress responses were observed, but few significant differences were observed between low salinity and normal salinity, especially the growth and physiological functions were not influenced by low salinity, i.e. 5‰ and 10‰. We conclude that juvenile large yellow croaker is tolerant to low salinity and shows a potential for low salinity culture.     

复方中草药对杂色鲍幼鲍血淋巴中几种酶活力的影响

将12种中草药按其不同的药理作用和药效进行配伍,形成5组复方中草药,分别编号为中草药1～5号。将以上中草药添加到杂色鲍幼鲍的人工配合饲料中,连续喂饲幼鲍,饲养47d后,测定幼鲍无细胞血淋巴中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、溶茵酶(LSZ)活力。结果显示,所有添加中草药的sOD活力均比对照组降低,中草药1、5号可提高幼鲍血淋巴的ACP和LSZ活力,而对AKP则起到降低的作用;中草药3、4号可提高幼鲍血淋巴的LSZ活力,却降低幼鲍血淋巴的ACP和AKP活力,中草药2号对ACP、AKP和LSZ活力均有提高作用,具有较突出的促进杂色鲍幼鲍免疫酶活力的功能。     

高盐对凡纳滨对虾仔虾生长、渗透调节及免疫相关酶活性的影响

为探讨高盐条件下凡纳滨对虾仔虾的耐盐性和免疫响应,进行了为期30 d的生长实验。实验设置4个盐度梯度(40、50、60、65),以盐度30为对照,称量实验起始和结束时仔虾的体质量,计算平均日增重,实验结束时检测体内总ATPase、Na~+-K~+-ATPase、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和溶菌酶(LZM)、丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果显示,高盐能显著抑制凡纳滨对虾仔虾的日增重,盐度40、50、60、65平均日增重分别为对照组的84.53%、60.99%、46.19%、27.71%;存活率随盐度升高而显著降低。随着盐度的升高,仔虾体内Na~+-K~+-ATPase活性缓慢升高,盐度60后趋于稳定。总ATPase活性表现出先小幅下降后稳定的趋势,最终维持在1.4 U/mg prot左右。T-SOD和CAT活性随盐度升高均呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,盐度50时达到峰值;ACP和AKP活性随盐度升高呈上升趋势,不同盐度间差异显著。此外,盐度显著影响凡纳滨对虾仔虾的MDA含量,对LZM含量无显著影响。研究表明,盐度越高,仔虾生长越缓慢,用于渗透调节的能量增加。在一定的盐度范围内,高盐能激发仔虾机体部分非特异性免疫酶活性以适应高盐胁迫。