黄芪多糖治疗鸡传染性法氏囊病

鸡传染性法氏囊病(Infectious bursal disease,IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus,IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的急性、高度接触性传染病.淋巴细胞是IBDV的靶细胞,尤其B淋巴细胞是最主要的靶细胞,法氏囊是主要靶器官.……     

鸡传染性法氏囊病毒常用检测技术概述

鸡传染性法氏囊病（IBD）是由鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）引起的一种主要危害雏鸡的免疫抑制性传染病。本病发病率高,发生本病的鸡场,常常出现新城疫、马立克氏病等疫苗接种的免疫失败,这种免疫抑制现象常使发病率和死亡率急剧上升。因此快速准确地检测鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）,对正确诊断、预防鸡传染性法氏囊病,降低养殖户的经济损失十分重要。本文将就鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒常用的检测技术进行分类介绍。     

麻雀自然感染鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒的调查

从鸡传染性法氏囊病（IBD）流行的鸡场捕杀麻雀54只,用鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）单克隆抗体夹心阻断ELISA检测抗体,阳性检出率为7.4％(4/54);以逆转录—聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测病毒核酸,阳性检出率为11.1％（6/54）;RT-PCR阳性样本病毒分离亦为阳性。结果表明,IBD流行的鸡场里的麻雀能够发生IBDV自然感染,麻雀可能是IBDV的贮存宿主或二次传染源之一。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒变异的分子生物学研究进展

鸡传染性法氏囊病(IBD)是由传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种急性、高度接触性传染病.     

传染性法氏囊病的危害及其控制

鸡传染性法氏囊病(IBD)是由传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)引起的一种急性、高度接触性传染病。IBDV主要侵害3～12周龄雏鸡的免疫器官—法氏囊,在孵化后3～6周,当法氏     

传染性法氏囊病研究进展

一、IBD流行病学特性 传染性法氏囊病(IBD)是由双RNA病毒科的传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)引起的、主要见于3～12周龄幼鸡的一种急性、高度接触性传染病.IBDV主要侵害鸡的中枢免疫器官一法氏囊和携带IgM的早期分化的B淋巴细胞,使鸡体免疫器官和免疫活性细胞功能受到严重影响,出现免疫抑制,导致其他疫苗接种后机体免疫应答功能低下或不发生免疫应答,因而常继发多种疫病,如鸡的大肠杆菌病、坏疽性皮炎、细菌性关节炎、禽传染性贫血、新城疫病、马立克氏病、禽传染性支气管炎、鸡慢性呼吸道病等.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病免疫复合物疫苗与活疫苗免疫鸡病毒载量和免疫效果的比较研究

为比较鸡传染性法氏囊病(IBD)免疫复合物疫苗与活疫苗免疫鸡法氏囊及外周血淋巴细胞(PBMC)中的病毒载量及免疫效果,本研究采用IBD免疫复合物疫苗和鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(IBDV)BX株活疫苗免疫1日龄SPF鸡,于免疫后7d、14d、21d、28d、35d、42d采用SYBRGreenI荧光定量PCR、ELISA方法及中和试验检测免疫鸡法氏囊和PBMC中IBDV载量和免疫鸡血清中IBDV抗体滴度,并攻毒,计算两种疫苗的保护率。结果显示,活疫苗免疫7d时IBDV在法氏囊和PBMC中的载量均比其它时间点的高,在14d时到达到最高,之后逐渐下降;两种疫苗刺激产生的IBDV抗体滴度随免疫时间的延长呈升高趋势;在免疫后7d攻毒两种疫苗的保护率均为0,其它时间的攻毒保护率均为100%。本研究结果表明,IBD免疫复合物疫苗与活疫苗免疫后病毒在鸡体内开始大量复制的时间并不相同,但免疫效果基本相同。本实验为IBD免疫复合物疫苗的研发提供实验依据。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病的诊断与防治

传染性法氏囊病(IBD)又称腔上囊炎、传染性囊病,是由传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)引起鸡的一种急性高度接触性传染病,临床上以法氏囊肿大、肾脏损害为特征。本病一直是危害养鸡业的重要传染     

超强毒型鸡传染性法氏囊病的防治

<正>鸡传染性法氏囊病(Infectious bursal disease,IBD)是由传染性法氏囊病病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus,IBDV)引起的一种以破坏鸡免疫中枢器官—法氏囊为特征的急性、高度接触性传染病。本病由cosgrove首次报道于美国甘布罗镇的肉鸡,所以,该病也称为甘布罗病(Gumboro disease)。鸡传染性法氏囊病(IBD)主要侵害3~6周龄雏鸡和青年鸡,以损害法氏囊中的B淋巴细胞为特征,感染鸡的B淋巴细胞,     

传染性法氏囊病研究的新进展

传染性法氏囊病(infectious bursal disease．IBD)是由传染性法氏囊病毒finfectious bursal disease vinls，IBDV)引起的一种高度危害养鸡业的传染病。该病于1957年由Cosgrove首次在美国发现并于1962年作为一种新病首次报导。IBDV主要侵害3～6周龄鸡，以损害法氏囊中的淋巴细胞为特征，引起免疫抑制和增加对其他病原体的易感性．被称为“世界三大禽病”之一。     

Importance of the medullary macrophage in the replication of lymphoid leukosis virus in the bursa of Fabricius of chickens

Electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry were used to study the development of lymphoid leukosis virus infection in the bursa of Fabricius of experimentally infected chicken embryos and chickens. In embryos infected at 7 days of incubation and killed 10 days later, virus particles and group-specific viral antigen were confined mainly to the connective tissue of the lamina propria of the bursal mucosal folds; a few developing follicles had discrete virions and group-specific antigen between cells. In chickens infected at 1 day of age, infection (as determined by use of electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry) was maximal in 1- to 4-month-old birds, and the greatest concentration of virus and group-specific viral antigen was in the medulla of the follicles. Although lymphoid leukosis virus was released from lymphocytes, epithelial cells, and macrophages, virus replication in the medullary macrophages was more active than that in the other cells. Normal medullary macrophages had cell membrane vesicles (50 to 80 nm in diameter) that covered part of all of the cell membrane surface. In infected chickens, virus particles frequently developed within these vesicles. Comparable vesicles were not found on cortical macrophages. Results of the present study indicated that the medullary macrophage was the principal host cell for replication of lymphoid leukosis virus in the bursa of Fabricius of the chicken.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病超强毒感染后SPF鸡免疫器官病理学观察

IBDV超强毒株LX株接种2周龄SPF雏鸡后，其致病性不同于经典强毒株CJ801株，它主要引起接种鸡全身性炎症反应，法氏囊、脾脏、盲肠扁桃体等免疫器官中大量异嗜性白细胞、巨噬细胞浸润，淋巴细胞严重坏死崩解，胸腺皮质严重萎缩、坏死，骨髓中造血细胞减少、巨噬细胞和脂肪细胞增生。在接种后14d法氏囊淋巴滤泡严重萎缩、淋巴细胞排空形成囊腺样结构，未见恢复正常，其它免疫器官形态基本恢复正常。电镜观察，接种后2和4d可见胸腺淋巴细胞胞浆浓集、染色质周边化形成新月形，表现细胞凋亡特征；在法氏囊坏死淋巴细胞胞浆中可见60nm大小呈晶格排列或散在的病毒粒子。研究初步探明了鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒超强毒的致病机理。     

Morphologic changes in the bursa of fabricius of chickens after inoculation with infectious bursal disease virus.

Sequential morphologic changes in the bursa of Fabricius were studied after oral inoculation of 1-day-old chicks with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). The epithelial surface morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy, whereas the IBDV replication was sequentially followed by immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. The earliest detectable changes in the bursal epithelium were evident at postinoculation hour (PIH) 48. They were characterized by reduction in numbers and size of microvilli on the epithelial cells accompanied by gradual involution of the button-like bursal follicles. At PIH 96 some specimens showed localized surface erosions due to loss of epithelial cells. As the damage progressed, the infolding of the buttomlike follicles became more pronounced and the surface erosions became more extensive. Loss of surface epithelium exposed the underlying damaged bursal follicles which appeared to be bounded by columnar epithelium. Some follicles had lost almost all the lymphocytes and macrophages and appeared as empty craters. Intrafollicular replication of IBDV was detectable as early as PIH 24 by immunofluorescence technique. Viral replication primarily took place in the lymphoid follicles. Regeneration of the follicles was not seen up to postinoculation day 12, suggesting that the IBDV-induced bursal damage could be permanent.     

中药"疫佳灵"对鸡T-淋巴细胞的动态观察

探讨中草药免疫增强剂疫佳灵的作用机理,观察其对血液中T淋巴细胞的动态变化.E-玫瑰花环试验结果显示1%组T-淋巴细胞花环形成率与对照组比较差异极显著(P＜0.01),0.5%组淋巴细胞花环形成率与对照组比较差异显著(P＜0.05),1%组与0.5%组在饮药后12 d和24 d比较差异不显著,在饮药后36d和48d比较差异显著(P＜0.05).结果表明中草药免疫增强剂疫佳灵可明显增加鸡T-淋巴细胞的数量.其中以1%浓度花环形成率最高,0.5%浓度次之.     

Immunostimulatory effects of the muramyl dipeptide analogue LK415 in chickens immunized with a vaccine strain of infectious bursal disease virus

The effects of muramyl dipeptide (MDP) synthetic analogue LK415 on the immune response of chickens immunized with a live vaccine against infectious bursal disease (IBD) were studied in two independent trials, using levamisole hydrochloride as comparative immunostimulant. Groups of five-week-old commercial chickens (Isa Brown) were immunized orally with 10 doses of the vaccine strain of IBDV (Winterfield strain). The chickens were then given four injections of the MDP analogue LK415 in a dosage of either 0.25 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) or 2.5 mg/kg b.w. or levamisole at a daily dose of 15 mg/kg b.w. for four consecutive days, starting from the day of immunization. Histological examinations of bursal tissue collected on days 2, 4 and 7 postimmunization (p.i.) showed a lower degree of destruction of bursal follicles and earlier renewal of bursal tissue in LK415-treated chickens compared to levamisole-treated and untreated immunized groups. Compared to the other groups, the LK415-treated chickens showed a significantly higher antibody response to IBDV on days 14 and 28 p.i. (P < 0.01) as measured by commercial ELISA. The present study indicates some potent immunostimulatory effects of the MDP analogue LK415 on the chicken immune system.     

Quantitative measures of disease in broiler breeder chicks of different major histocompatibility complex genotypes after challenge with infectious bursal disease virus

Criteria for evaluating genetic differences in resistance and susceptibility to infectious bursal disease (IBD) within a commercial broiler breeder line of chickens were compared. Line A broiler breeder chickens were challenged with graded doses of Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) strain IBD virus (IBDV) and evaluated at 2 time points, 3 days postinoculation (PI) and 10 days PI. Measures obtained at both time points included bursa to body weight, bursa histology, bursa lymphocyte count, and percentage of T cells in the bursa. Furthermore, viral load in the bursa was determined 3 days PI and anti-IBDV antibody titers, 10 days PI. A dose of 50 50% embryo infective dose caused IBD in about half the line A birds at the 10-day time point, and this dose was chosen for further studies. The data were analyzed for correlation among the various measures. Comparison of the 3-day- and 10-day-PI bursa lymphocyte counts indicated that birds challenged with low doses of virus suffered lymphocyte depletion at the 3-day time point, but many or all (depending on the dose) recovered by the 10-day time point. With a viral dose that caused bursal atrophy in about half the birds by 10 days PI, families segregating for 2 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotypes were compared in terms of resistance to IBD. Results indicated that there was no difference among the 3 MHC genotypes in incidence of IBD by any of the disease measures.     

Pathology and virus tissue distribution of Turkey origin reoviruses in experimentally infected Turkey poults

The pathogenesis of 4 isolates of turkey-origin reovirus (NC/SEP-R44/03, NC/98, TX/98, and NC/85) and 1 chicken-origin reovirus (1733) was examined by infecting specific pathogen free (SPF) poults. These turkey-origin reovirus (TRV) isolates were collected from turkey flocks experiencing poult enteritis and are genetically distinct from previously reported avian reoviruses. Microscopic examination of the tissues collected from the TRV-infected poults revealed different degrees of bursal atrophy characterized by lymphoid depletion and increased fibroplasia between the bursal follicles. To understand the relationship between virus spread and replication, and the induction of lesions, immunohistochemical staining (IHC) for viral antigen, in situ hybridization (ISH) for the detection of viral RNA, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay for the detection of apoptosis in affected tissues was performed. Both IHC and ISH revealed viral antigen and RNA in the surface epithelial cells of the bursa, in macrophages in the interstitium of the bursa and, to lesser degree, in splenic red pulp macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells. Increased apoptosis of bursal lymphocytes and macrophages was observed at 2 and 5 days postinoculation. No lesions were found in tissues from poults inoculated with the virulent chicken-origin strain, however viral antigen was detected in the bursa and the intestine. Although all TRVs studied displayed similar tissue tropism, there were substantial differences in the severity of the lesions produced. Poults inoculated with NC/SEP-R44/03 or NC/98 had moderate to severe bursal atrophy, whereas poults inoculated with TX/98 or NC/85 presented a mild to moderate bursal lymphoid depletion. The lymphoid depletion observed in the bursa appears to be the effect of an indirectly induced apoptosis and would most likely result in immune dysfunction in poults infected with TRV.     

免疫器官中肾型鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的定位和动态分布

以鼠抗鸡肾型传染性支气管炎病毒（肾型IBV）的高免血清为一抗，辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）标记的羊抗鼠IgG为二抗，建立了检测石蜡切片肾型IBV抗原的间接酶标抗体染色技术。应用该技术对人工感染肾型IBV C9001株鸡免疫器官中的病毒进行了检测，结果胸腺和法氏囊是病毒主要侵害的免疫器官，脾脏，盲肠扁桃体仅呈一过性感染，哈氏腺未检测到，法氏囊从感染后2－12天，胸腺从感染后3－8天均检测到病毒抗原，阳性染色主要集中于法氏囊淋巴滤泡髓质区和胸腺小叶髓质区淋巴细胞和网状细胞胞浆内。     

Electron microscopy of bursa of Fabricius of chicks infected with a field strain of infectious bursal disease virus

Chicks were infected in the bursa with a field strain of infectious bursal disease virus. Inter- and intracellular edema, condensation and margination of nuclear chromatin, increased number of lysosomes in macrophages, and lymphocytolytic changes appeared earliest by 8 hours post infection. Inclusions containing spheroid to hexagonal virus particles were seen in the cytoplasm of the macrophages. Multiplying virus particles in crystalline arrays arranged either in single or in multiple clusters were seen in the cytoplasm of macrophages, lymphocytes and light stained reticular epithelial cells.