云南文山州木薯产业的科学发展研究

通过对人工抹花控稍处理后的四季芒进行物候和形态特征等的调查。结果表明,四季芒经过人工抹花控梢处理后,果实成熟期推迟20～30 d,单株产量比对照增加10 kg;处理后的3次生理落果高峰分别在处理后第7、8、11这3周,尤其是在处理后的第7周落果数和落果率都比较严重;处理后的4次生长高峰分别在处理后第7、8两周和第15～17周。     

巴西橡胶树花药体细胞胚胎发生的研究 —培养基配方优化及体胚发生的组织学观察

通过对人工抹花控稍处理后的四季芒进行物候和形态特征等的调查。结果表明,四季芒经过人工抹花控梢处理后,果实成熟期推迟20～30 d,单株产量比对照增加10 kg;处理后的3次生理落果高峰分别在处理后第7、8、11这3周,尤其是在处理后的第7周落果数和落果率都比较严重;处理后的4次生长高峰分别在处理后第7、8两周和第15～17周。     

Fertility of doubled monoploids ofSolanum phureja

Thirteen anther-derived doubled monoploids and their heterozygous diploid anther donor were evaluated in the greenhouse for flowering, fruit set, seed set and pollen fertility. Doubled monoploids varied for number of days to flower, duration of flowering, abundance of flowers and general flower quality. Fruit set on the doubled monoploids in controlled crosses with diploid male-fertile clones varied from 0 to 73% with a mean of 33% compared to the anther donor with 58%. Seed set varied from 9 to 210 seeds per fruit and was significantly lower than the anther donor (377 seeds/fruit). Five doubled monoploids that shed low quantities of pollen exhibited significantly less pollen stainability (10-30%) than the anther donor (88%). However, pollen of doubled monoploids did not germinatein vitro. 2n pollen frequencies of 20–55% were observed for the doubled monoploids compared with 22% for the anther donor. It was concluded that doubled monoploids had lower female fertility compared to the anther donor but that they produced sufficient seed to facilitate utilization in a breeding program as female parents. However, they were considered to be male-sterile for practical purposes.     

8个杧果品种胶乳挥发性成分及胶乳的灼伤机制初探

以‘台农1号’‘贵妃’‘金煌’‘玉文’‘红象牙’‘四季蜜杧’‘金穗’和‘红杉林’8个杧果品种的胶乳为材料,利用气相色谱–质谱联用技术对其挥发性成分进行测定,用NIST 11标准谱库对测定的质谱数据进行自动检索对照,保留匹配度大于90%的化合物,并对不同杧果品种的胶乳挥发性成分进行差异性分析,旨在为确定杧果胶乳中灼伤果皮的主要挥发性成分提供科学参考,并采用超景深三维显微镜观察果皮灼伤前后变化,为初步探索胶乳灼伤果皮机制提供参考。结果表明：（1）8个杧果品种共鉴定出30种匹配度大于90%的化合物,这些化合物分为萜烯类、酚类、醛类和烷烃类。其中,萜烯类是主要挥发性成分,酚类、醛类和烷烃类占比极少。8个杧果品种胶乳中共有的化合物有α-蒎烯、3-蒈烯、α-水芹烯、4-蒈烯、(R)-(+)-柠檬烯、桧烯、(1R)-(+)-α-蒎烯、萜品油烯、L-石竹烯和2,4-二叔丁基苯酚共10种。其中,3-蒈烯和萜品油烯为8个杧果品种胶乳的主要挥发性成分。（2）根据8个杧果品种胶乳中各挥发性成分的相对含量为数据源进行主成分分析将其分为5类：第一类为‘贵妃’和‘金煌’,第二类为‘台农1号’和‘四季蜜杧’,第三类为‘红象牙’和‘金穗’,第四类为‘玉文’,第五类为‘红杉林’。同一类别杧果品种其胶乳的主要挥发性成分及相对含量相似,不同类别杧果品种其胶乳的主要挥发性成分及相对含量差异较大。（3）杧果胶乳导致果皮皮孔褐变损伤,‘台农1号’接触胶乳的1 h后发生轻微灼伤,贵妃接触胶乳10 min时明显灼伤。研究结果明确了8个杧果品种乳胶中挥发性成分及其在不同品种中相对含量的差异,为揭示不同杧果品种胶乳灼伤果皮机制提供了基础。     

30份建兰种质资源的表型性状遗传多样性研究

以30份不同来源的建兰种质资源为供试材料,测定其25个表型性状,计算其各性状的变异系数,并进行主成分分析和聚类分析,以期揭示建兰各品种间的亲缘关系及遗传差异。结果表明,30个建兰供试品种各表型性状的变异幅度为9.28%~76.17%,各表型性状间均存在较大程度的变异;表型性状聚类分析结果显示30个建兰供试品种欧式距离范围为3.612~38.796。‘汇翠粉荷’和‘峨眉水仙’的欧式距离最小,为3.612,表明二者的亲缘关系最近;‘素君荷’和‘富山奇蝶’之间的欧式距离最大,为38.796,表明二者的亲缘关系最远;其他材料之间的亲缘关系位于二者之间。对30个供试品种的表型性状使用层次聚类法进行树状图绘制,在欧氏距离为16处,30个建兰供试品种分成4个群集;主成分分析结果表明贡献值最大的花部性状有花葶高度、花长和唇瓣长等性状,均与花部质量有关,花部性状的综合评分表明广东佛山的‘红君荷’花部综合特性最好,观赏价值最高,广东佛山的‘水晶皇梅’综合特性最低。     

GA3对重瓣百合‘Carolina’生长及主要品质的影响

百合是花卉市场备受欢迎的球根花卉,花型美丽,花色淡雅,花香迷人,其中重瓣百合由于雄蕊退化、无花粉、花型优美、观赏期长等优点备受消费者青睐,本研究以东方型重瓣百合‘Carolina’为试材,采用6个不同浓度（50、100、200、400、600、800 mg/L）的GA₃对其进行叶面喷施处理,以清水为对照,通过测定其株高、茎粗及采后品质等指标,探讨GA₃对重瓣百合‘Carolina’生长及采后品质的影响。结果表明：栽培试验中400 mg/L GA₃对促进‘Carolina’株高、花苞长度、花朵开放率效果最好,分别比对照高10.40%、9.13%、17.78%,达到极显著差异;800 mg/L GA₃对‘Carolina’叶绿素相对含量的积累有促进作用;100 mg/L GA₃对‘Carolina’整株花期延长效果最佳,比对照长10.64%;在种球方面,800 mg/L GA₃对种球单个鲜重、总重量和平均根数的促进作用较好。瓶插期间,100 mg/L GA₃对延缓花枝鲜重、提高花苞开放率、延长单朵花期和整株花期效果最好;600 mg/L GA₃对延缓瓶插叶绿素相对含量和MDA的积累,提高SOD和POD酶活性作用最佳,达到极显著差异。综合比较来看,600 mg/L GA₃对重瓣百合‘Carolina’作用效果最佳,400 mg/L次之。     

Bee-Parasitic Strepsipterans (Strepsiptera: Stylopidae) Induce Their Hosts’ Flower-Visiting Behavior Change

Parasites sometimes manipulate their host’s behavior to increase their own fitness by enhancing the likelihood that their offspring will reach their hosts. Bees are often parasitized by immobile adult female strepsipterans which seem to modify bees’ behavior to facilitate the release of mobile first-instar larvae onto flowers. To better understand how the parasite may modify the host’s behavior, we compared the foraging behavior of the sweat bee Lasioglossum apristum (Vachal, 1903) (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) between bees parasitized and unparasitized by the strepsipteran Halictoxenos borealis Kifune, 1982 (Strepsiptera: Stylopidae). Both parasitized and unparasitized bees frequently visited Hydrangea serrata (Thunb.) (Cornales: Hydrangeaceae) inflorescences, which are polleniferous but nectarless. On H. serrata inflorescences, unparasitized bees collected pollen from the anthers, but parasitized bees did not collect or eat pollen. Instead, they displayed a peculiar behavior, bending their abdomens downward and pressing them against the flower. This peculiar behavior, which was observed only in bees parasitized by a female strepsipteran in the larvae-releasing stage, may promote the release of mobile first-instar larvae onto flowers. Our observations suggest that the altered flower-visiting behavior of parasitized bees may benefit the parasite. Moreover, it suggests that strepsipteran parasites may modify their host’s behavior only when the larvae reach a certain life stage.     

睡莲品种‘公牛眼’和‘泰国王’授粉后子房的发育差异研究

睡莲属（Nymphaea）植物是我国新兴的水生花卉,其中重瓣型睡莲的花态丰满艳丽,一直倍受睡莲爱好者、育种者的喜爱和关注,在水生园林景观中的应用日渐广泛,但在育种的过程中,育种者经常遇到杂交不结实的现象,导致重瓣型睡莲品种难以培育。为探索重瓣睡莲难以结实的原因,以重瓣睡莲中较具代表性的品种‘泰国王’为实验组,以育性较好的品种‘公牛眼’为对照组,利用石蜡切片技术对其授粉后不同时期的子房进行显微结构比较,采用扫描电镜进一步观察样本的柱头和胚珠,通过RNA-seq测序分析发育与败育子房的基因表达差异。结果表明：2个睡莲品种的柱头表面均分布着多细胞单列乳突,细胞间的连接处形成一圈圈凹槽,乳突数量庞大、排列紧密,配合自身的结构能更容易捕获外来的花粉。‘公牛眼’授粉7 d后子房中大部分胚珠发育成红色种子,10 d后子房膨大成果实,种皮由红色转黑色,形成成熟的种子;重瓣睡莲‘泰国王’授粉7 d后无种子形成,子房中有部分胚珠发育,其表皮变为红色,形态特征与‘公牛眼’授粉4 d后的红色胚珠相似,由此推测少量胚珠可能完成了受精,但无法进一步发育,10 d后子房完全败育。显微结构观察可知,授粉7 d后2个品种的胚珠发育产生明显差异,‘公牛眼’的胚珠明显增大,合子开始分裂形成胚,而‘泰国王’胚珠内珠心萎缩,胚珠逐步败育消解,授粉10 d后,‘公牛眼’胚珠的珠被增厚形成种皮,胚开始发育,进一步向种子形态转变。由转录组测序分析可知,差异基因显著富集在光合作用——天线蛋白、光合作用、卟啉和叶绿素代谢、核糖体、淀粉和蔗糖代谢等通路,这些通路可能是影响睡莲子房发育的关键途径,推测‘泰国王’子房败育可能是因为自身光合作用受到抑制,进而影响了蔗糖、淀粉等营养物质的生成。     

Status of Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Mango-Producing Areas of Arba Minch,Southwestern Ethiopia

Bactrocera invadens, the Asian fruit fly, was first reported in Kenya in 2003, and it spread fast to most tropical countries in Africa. To our knowledge, there is no detailed data on the fruit damage and status of fruit flies in Arba Minch and elsewhere in Ethiopia. Hence, information on the species composition and pest status of the fruit fly species is urgent to plan management strategies in the area. Fruit flies were captured using male parapheromone-baited traps. Matured mango (Mangifera indica) fruits were collected from randomly selected mango trees and incubated individually in cages (15 by 15 by 15 cm) with sandy soil. B. invadens was the predominant (96%; 952 of 992) captured species and the only fruit fly species emerging from mango fruits incubated in the laboratory. The mean number of adult B. invadens emerging per mango fruit was 35.25, indicating that the species is the most devastating mango fruit fly in the area. The loss due to this species would be serious if no management strategies are implemented.     

三角梅属5个品种的花粉活力及柱头可授性比较分析

为探究三角梅属植物不同品种的花粉活力和柱头可授性,从而提高其杂交效率。以‘伊娃夫人’（Bougainvillea glabra ‘Mrs Eva’）、‘小叶紫’（B. glabra ‘Sao paulo’）、‘伊娃白’（B. glabra ‘Mrs Eva White’）、‘加州黄金’（B. × buttiana ‘California Gold’）和‘橙红’（B. × buttiana ‘Afterglow’）等5个三角梅品种为试材,采用FDA、液体培养基萌发法检测5个品种的花粉生活力,探究不同保存方法对其花粉活力的影响;利用联苯胺-过氧化氢法对5个品种的柱头可授性进行比较分析。结果表明：（1）0.01%FDA染色液均能使5个三角梅品种染色,其中,‘伊娃白’花粉活力最高,花粉活力为27.16%;其次是‘伊娃夫人’和‘小叶紫’,分别为13.98%和11.86%;活力最低的是‘橙红’和‘加州黄金’,分别为7.17%和4.01%。（2）不同保存条件下,5个三角梅品种的花粉活力存在显著差异。28℃干燥保存条件下,各品种花粉活力大小顺序为‘小叶紫’>‘伊娃夫人’>‘伊娃白’>‘橙红’>‘加州黄金’;4℃冰箱保存条件下,各品种花粉活力大小顺序为‘伊娃夫人’>‘伊娃白’>‘小叶紫’>‘加州黄金’>‘橙红’。（3）通过液体培养基培养12 h后5个三角梅品种的花粉萌发率均较低,其中‘小叶紫’萌发率相对较高,为4.50%;其次是‘伊娃白’和‘伊娃夫人’,分别为2.78%和2.51%;‘加州黄金’和‘橙红’萌发率最低,分别为0.98%和0.08%。（4）5个三角梅品种的柱头可授性差异明显,其中‘小叶紫’和‘伊娃夫人’柱头可授性较好,其次是‘伊娃白’,而‘加州黄金’和‘橙红’柱头可授性均较低。综上,‘小叶紫’‘伊娃夫人’和‘伊娃白’3个三角梅品种适合作为杂交育种中的亲本材料。     

海南岛芒果扁喙叶蝉的研究

芒果扁喙叶蝉是海南岛芒果树的重要害虫之一。成、若虫为害花芽、叶芽、花穗、嫩梢,被害幼叶呈干枯状,同时分泌蜜露,招致叶片、果实及枝干表面发生烟煤病,由此给芒果种植业带来直接威胁。据室内饲养观察,此虫在海南岛那大地区年发生8代,以成虫在枝、叶上越冬;成虫在田间呈核心分布,一年中以6月份虫口数量最大。建议在一个果园中种植同一品种,合理修枝及喷射20％叶蝉散2000倍液进行防治。     

Investigation into the apparent failure of chemical control for management of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), on plums in the Western Cape Province of South Africa

Western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), causes russetting, pansy spot and silvering damage on plums. Despite routine insecticide applications for thrips control, some plum producers report economic losses due to pansy spot damage, pits and holes that render fruit unfit for export. Six commercial plum orchards in two climatic regions in the Western Cape Province, South Africa, were monitored to determine (1) why current management practices based on monitoring and insecticide applications failed to prevent damage in some orchards, and (2) whether WFT is responsible for pitting damage. Western flower thrips was the dominant thrips species in all orchards, though low numbers of Frankliniella schultzei Trybom also occurred. Blue sticky traps were more efficient for monitoring WFT and F. schultzei than yellow traps. Insecticide applications early in bloom and unfavourable weather conditions for thrips flight contributed to very low numbers of WFT on sticky traps during the flowering and fruit set periods. Flower dissections, however, revealed varying levels of oviposition damage to ovaries and fruitlets. Dissections confirmed that WFT enter flowers to lay eggs in the ovaries and other flower parts before petals are fully open. No consistent significant relationship between sticky trap counts and WFT oviposition damage to plums were found, therefore no treatment threshold level could be recommended. Insecticide applications during bloom limited thrips feeding damage, but were too late to prevent oviposition damage. Some oviposition sites developed into typical pansy spots, whilst others formed holes or pits that increased in size as the fruit matured. After insecticide applications ended, and as air temperature increased, WFT populations increased. Weeds and wild vegetation in and around orchards provide a continuous source of potential infestation for as long as the fruit remains attractive and vulnerable to WFT. As oviposition damage by WFT can occur before flowers open, and because of the risk to pollinators when insecticides are applied during flowering, a purely chemical control strategy does not appear to be feasible. A new approach to WFT management is required.     

番石榴果实中微量矿质养分变化特征及其对果实品质的影响

番石榴属于桃金娘科（Myrtaceae）番石榴属（Psidium）,其果实富含蛋白质、维生素C等营养成分和抗氧化物质,是近年来福建省重点发展的亚热带名优水果之一。番石榴果实生长发育、产量和品质形成的重要物质基础之一是矿质养分,但果实生长发育中中微量矿质养分变化规律,特别是中微量矿质养分对不同品种果实品质的贡献度尚未明确。为了研究番石榴果实的中微量矿质养分的变化规律及其对品质的影响,以‘彩虹’和‘红宝石’番石榴为研究对象,测定了果实不同生长发育期Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn 6种中微量元素含量和Vc、TA、总糖、TSS等果实品质指标,并采用相关性分析（SPSS）和方差分解分析（VPA）分析了中微量矿质元素和果实品质的相关性。2种番石榴果实生长发育过程中,6种中微量元素的含量随着果实的生长发育呈现上升趋势,可分为缓慢增长期和快速增长期。其中,‘红宝石’番石榴的分界点为谢花后64~71 d,‘彩虹’番石榴为谢花后78~85 d。SPSS分析表明,中微量养分含量影响‘彩虹’番石榴和‘红宝石’番石榴果实品质的形成。除‘红宝石’番石榴的Ca含量、Fe含量与TSS在0.05水平上正相关,其余中微量矿质元素含量与Vc、TA、总糖、TSS均在0.01水平上正相关。进一步的VPA结果显示,Mn是2种番石榴果实品质的共性元素,Ca、Fe、Mn含量解释了‘彩虹’番石榴品质变化的73%,Mg、Cu、Mn含量解释了‘红宝石’番石榴品质变化的98%。因此,2种番石榴果实风味差异的主要因素分别是Ca、Fe、Mg、Cu含量。生产上,需要根据立地条件,合理选择番石榴品种,注重中微量元素的施用,提高番石榴的品质和营养价值。本研究为不同番石榴品种施肥的优化及高优栽培提供了理论依据。     

龙眼新品种（系）引种南宁的果实发育和品质变化规律比较

为研究龙眼新品种（系）在广西南宁市的果实发育和品质变化规律,以引进的‘福晚8号’‘晚香’‘宝石1号’3个龙眼新品种（系）及广西主栽品种‘石硖’和‘桂明1号’为试验材料,定期观测果实发育过程中的纵横径、单果重、可食率、果形指数、可溶性固形物（TSS）、维生素C、可溶性蛋白质、可滴定酸、可溶性糖等的变化规律,试验结果表明：5个龙眼品种（系）在果实成熟期,‘晚香’的单果重最大,其次是‘宝石1号’‘福晚8号’和‘桂明1号’,‘石硖’最小。果实成熟期‘福晚8号’的可食率最大,其次是‘晚香’和‘宝石1号’,均高于‘桂明1号’和‘石硖’。果实成熟期和TSS达到最大值的时间以‘石硖’最早,‘宝石1号’次之,然后是‘桂明1号’‘福晚8号’和‘晚香’的成熟期最迟。退糖速度以‘桂明1号’最慢,其次是‘福晚8号’‘晚香’和‘石硖’,‘宝石1号’退糖速度最快。‘福晚8号’和‘桂明1号’的维生素C含量在达到最大值时高于其他品种,其次是‘晚香’和‘宝石1号’,‘石硖’的较低。可滴定酸含量在果实发育前期以‘桂明1号’和‘福晚8号’的较高,其次是‘宝石1号’,‘石硖’和‘晚香’较低,果实发育后期以‘桂明1号’‘晚香’‘宝石1号’和‘福晚8号’较高,‘石硖’的最低。引进的‘福晚8号’和‘晚香’表现为晚熟、果大肉厚、果实品质较好,‘宝石1号’表现为早中熟、果大肉厚、果实品质较好,可以作为广西良好的中晚熟品种（系）引种材料,具有较好的推广应用价值,可丰富广西的龙眼品种结构。     

6个不同可可品系（品种）比较试验

可可作为重要的特色热带经济作物,目前国内主栽品种单一,为鉴定筛选出优异的可可品系,以培育我国可可新优品种。本研究以XYS-1、XYS-2、XYS-3、XYS-4、XYS-5、‘热引4号’等6个可可品系（种）为材料,在海南万宁对其植物学、农艺和品质性状进行比较试验。结果表明：XYS-5果实成熟周期最长达192 d,XYS-1果实成熟周期最短仅为162 d;XYS-4果实长度最长,平均达到218.27 mm,与其他5个品系（种）差异显著;XYS-2的产量最高,平均单果种子干重为46.48 g,平均单株结果量为59个;XYS-2的产量除与’热引4号’差异不显著外,与XYS-1、XYS-3、XYS-4、XYS-5差异均显著;XYS-5可可脂含量最高,平均值达51.27%,显著高于’热引4号’,XYS-1可可脂含量最低,平均值为43.67%。XYS-2、XYS-4品系植株长势强、产量高、品质稳定,可作为可可新品系（种）在海南进行扩大种植和示范推广。     

不同早熟龙眼品种（系）果实生长发育和品质变化规律比较

本文以‘桂丰早’‘桂冠早’‘桂龙1号’‘古山2号’‘石硖’5个早熟品种（系）为材料,研究不同品种（品系）果实生长发育和品质变化规律。结果表明：在果实发育过程中,5个早熟龙眼品种（系）的横纵径、单果重、可食率、色差a^*和c^*值均呈上升或波动上升;色差L^*和b^*值呈快速上升后缓慢波动;可溶性固形物含量和大多数品种的维生素C呈先快速上升后缓慢下降;色差hº值和大多数品种的可滴定酸呈逐渐下降或波动下降;可溶性糖在成熟前是逐渐上升的,到后期则波动变化;可溶性蛋白呈“M”或“W”型波动;‘桂丰早’和‘桂冠早’比‘石硖’提前1周进入成熟期;‘桂龙1号’的退糖最慢;‘桂丰早’的横径、单果重及可溶性蛋白质含量最大,‘桂冠早’的纵径最大,‘桂龙1号’的可溶性固形物含量、维生素C和可溶性糖含量最高而可滴定酸含量最低,‘石硖’的可食率最高;综合评价成熟期的果实品质,则‘桂丰早’最佳,其次是‘石硖’,最后是‘桂龙1号’‘古山2号’和‘桂冠早’。     

Effect of thinning flower buds on fruit and seed traits and root yield of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer

Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, commonly known as ginseng, is a perennial herb. Agricultural practices have an influence on growth and yield of P. ginseng plants. Effect of thinning flower buds (treatment A (TA) the outermost whorl of flower buds in the umbels was retained while all other buds were excised; treatment B (TB) the two outer whorls of flower buds in the umbels) on fruit traits, which include number of fruits per plant, single fruit: double fruit ratio, fruit weigh (FW) per square meter, weight of 100 fruits, vertical length of fruit (VLF), horizontal diameter of the fruit (HFD) and thickness of the fruit (TF), seed traits, which include number of seeds per square meter, weight of 1000 seeds, number of different seed grading categories (extremely large seeds (ELS), large seeds (LS), medium-sized seeds (MS), small seeds (SS)) per square meter, vertical length of the seed (VLS), horizontal diameter of the seed (HSD), thickness of the seed (TS), and the root yield and total ginsenosides content of root of four- and five-year-old cultivated P. ginseng was studied in Fusong region of north-eastern China. The results showed that the FW and VLF, the weight of 1000 seeds, number of ELS per square meter, VLS and HDS of ELS, HDS and TS of MS and root yield were increased significantly by TA and TB (p < 0.05), whereas the number of MS and SS were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in four- and five-year-old plants. The number of ELS and LS in TB and control were higher than that of in TA, and not significant was observed between TB and control. The root yield in TB was significantly higher than that in control of five-year-old plants. Number of the seeds per square meter of five-year-old plants was higher than that of four-year-old plants. The results indicated that the method of thinning flower buds, which was the two outer whorls of flower buds in the umbels, on five-year-old cultivated P. ginseng plants was a favourable method to promote the production of high-quality seeds and maximise the root yield.     

高尔夫草坪病虫害研究进展

为了让避雨设施栽培进一步在杧果生产上应用,以3 a生的‘热农1号’杧果为试材,研究了避雨对杧果两性花率、果实生长发育、产量和采后耐贮性的影响。结果表明：避雨栽培下杧果平均两性花率为35.9%,显著高于对照;花穗寒害率为42.7%,比对照降低24.6%;果实平均增产75.7%,显著高于对照,且果实采后烂果率和病情指数得到有效控制;果实大小和单果质量略有降低,最终座果率、内在品质均与对照无显著差异。避雨设施栽培在南方多雨产区具有一定的应用和推广价值。     

水稻半矮杆突变体‘双辐矮糯’的农艺性状与遗传分析

倒伏是影响水稻（Oryza sativa L.）生产的重要因素,半矮杆是协调高产和抗倒性的理想资源。前期通过辐射诱变‘湘辐糯1号’获得了半矮杆突变体‘双辐矮糯’。本研究分析了‘双辐矮糯’的茎节配置特点、基本农艺性状及其遗传规律。结果表明：‘双辐矮糯’株高较‘湘辐糯1号’（133.13 cm）降低了24.88 cm,穗、第1节和第2节长度显著缩短,降幅分别达到18.10%、23.06%和19.13%,而第3、4、5节长度缩短程度不明显,表明其株高突变基因主要控制穗和高位茎节的伸长。‘双辐矮糯’的单株有效穗为10.4个,是‘湘辐糯1号’（5.2个）的2.04倍,其强分蘖能力确保了在每穗总粒数下降20.24%和千粒重下降7.51%情况下单株产量仍表现出25.26%的增长。品质分析发现,‘双辐矮糯’的粒长、粒宽、长宽比等外观品质指标及直链淀粉含量、胶稠度等食味品质指标与‘湘辐糯1号’无显著差异,说明‘双辐矮糯’株高的下降未对外观品质与食味品质产生不利影响。遗传分析发现,48对SSR标记在‘双辐矮糯’与‘湘辐糯1号’间扩增出了完全一致的基因型,二者遗传背景相似度达到了100.00%,证实了‘双辐矮糯’是源于‘湘辐糯1号’的真实变异。利用‘双辐矮糯’与‘湘辐糯1号’构建了2个正反交F₂群体,分析发现群体中半矮杆植株与野生型植株理论分离比符合1∶3,表明半矮杆性状受一个隐性细胞核基因控制。本研究明确了‘双辐矮糯’的株高表型和遗传特点,为深入挖掘其育种价值奠定基础。