30份建兰种质资源的表型性状遗传多样性研究

以30份不同来源的建兰种质资源为供试材料,测定其25个表型性状,计算其各性状的变异系数,并进行主成分分析和聚类分析,以期揭示建兰各品种间的亲缘关系及遗传差异。结果表明,30个建兰供试品种各表型性状的变异幅度为9.28%~76.17%,各表型性状间均存在较大程度的变异;表型性状聚类分析结果显示30个建兰供试品种欧式距离范围为3.612~38.796。‘汇翠粉荷’和‘峨眉水仙’的欧式距离最小,为3.612,表明二者的亲缘关系最近;‘素君荷’和‘富山奇蝶’之间的欧式距离最大,为38.796,表明二者的亲缘关系最远;其他材料之间的亲缘关系位于二者之间。对30个供试品种的表型性状使用层次聚类法进行树状图绘制,在欧氏距离为16处,30个建兰供试品种分成4个群集;主成分分析结果表明贡献值最大的花部性状有花葶高度、花长和唇瓣长等性状,均与花部质量有关,花部性状的综合评分表明广东佛山的‘红君荷’花部综合特性最好,观赏价值最高,广东佛山的‘水晶皇梅’综合特性最低。

Genetic Diversity of Phenotypic Traits of 30 Cymbidium ensifolium Germplasm Resources

30 species of Cymbidium ensifolium from different resources were selected as the research materials. The phenotypic trait measuring, variation coefficients of each trait, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were conducted to reveal the genetic relationship of the germplasms to provide basis for the identification of varieties and cross breeding of C. ensifolium. The analysis of phenotypic traits showed that the variation range of each phenotypic trait was 9.28%-76.17%, and there was a large degree of variation among all phenotypic traits. The results of cluster analysis showed that the range of euclidean distance of the 30 experimental materials was 3.612-38.796. ‘Huicui Fenhe’ and ‘Emei Narcissus’ had the smallest euclidean distance of 3.612, indicating the closest genetic relationship, while ‘Sujunhe’ and ‘Fushan Qidie’ had the largest euclidean distance of 38.796, indicating the furthest genetic relationship. The hierarchical clustering method was used to draw the dendrogram of the phenotypic traits of the 30 test materials. At the Euclidean distance of 16, the 30 test varieties are divided into 4 clusters. The principal component analysis results showed that the largest contribution value included the scape height, flower length, and lip length which are all related to the quality of flowers. The comprehensive score of the flower traits showed that the comprehensive characteristics of ‘Hongjunhe’ from Foshan, Guangdong were the best and the ornamental value was the highest, and ‘Shuijing Huangmei’ from Foshan, Guangdong had the lowest comprehensive characteristics.