一个稀释度间接ELISA法测定IBDV抗体效价的研究

应用样品一个稀释度间接ＥＬＩＳＡ法对产蛋母鸡及其小鸡进行传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）抗体效价测定，同时用病毒中和试验（ＶＮ）作比较检测。结果表明，该ＥＬＩＳＡ法比ＶＮ法敏感、精确、简便，所有样品只测定一个稀释度的Ｐ／Ｎ值，再根据线性回归方程（ｒ１=０．８８９８，Ｐ≤０．０５）计算抗体效价，达到省时省力、节约材料、减少试验误差和一次可进行大批样品检测的目的。２种方法相关性较高（ｒ３=０．８４９２，Ｐ＜０．０１），小鸡母源抗体衰减与日龄呈线性关系（ｒ２=－０．８７５８，Ｐ＜０．０１），ＩＢＤＶ母源抗体半衰期为６．３ｄ。     

大片吸虫分泌排泄抗原的分析

取广西牛源大片吸虫成虫制备出分泌排泄（ＥＳ）抗原，用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ电泳，考马斯亮蓝染色显出７条蛋白带。免疫印迹试验（ＥＩＴＢ）测出其主要特异性免疫成分分子量为３６．３，２８．５及２５．５ｋＤａ，其中２８．５与２５．５ｋＤａ与法国肝片吸虫ＥＳ的部分抗原成分相同。两种片形吸虫与抗血清可以交叉使用无特异性，但与日本血吸虫抗原及抗血清均无交叉反应，人工感染大片吸虫２周后的兔血清即能识别此抗原。ＥＳ抗原提取方法简便，特异性好，敏感性高，可用于片形吸虫病免疫诊断。     

生长因子对卵母细胞体外成熟及早期胚胎体外发育的影响

为了探讨生长因子（ＥＧＦ，ＰＤＧＦ）对牛卵母细胞体外成熟与早期胚胎体外发育的影响，本研究进行了两个实验。实验１：在卵母细胞体外成熟（ＩＶＭ）中，将卵母细胞平均随机的放入表皮生长因子浓度为０，２．５，２５，５０μｇ／Ｌ的成熟培养液和对照组中。实验２：在早期胚胎体外培养（ＩＶＣ）过程中，将受精卵平均随机分配入５个不同培养液的处理组：（１）ＴＣＭ－１９９＋１０％阉公牛血清（ＳＳ）；（２）ＴＣＭ－１９９＋ＥＧＦ＋ＰＤＧＦ；（３）ＴＣＭ－１９９＋ＥＧＦ；（４）ＴＣＭ－１９９＋ＰＤＧＦ；（５）ＴＣＭ－１９９＋无生长因子、其中ＥＧＦ：５０μｇ／Ｌ，ＰＤＧＦ：０．１μｇ／Ｌ。２，３，４，５组有０．１％ＰＶＡ和０．３％ＢＳＡ，并与颗粒细胞单层协同培养。卵母细胞的体外成熟（ＩＶＭ）、体外受精（ＩＶＦ）和早期胚胎体外培养（ＩＶＣ）的方法与Ｌｕ等（１９８７）报道的相同。结果表明：浓度为５０μｇ／Ｌ的处理组分裂率与对照组无差异（８９．０％，９２．４％，Ｐ＞０．０５），而浓度为０，２．５，２５μｇ／Ｌ的处理组分裂率均显著低于对照组（７８．６％，８２．３％，８４．３％，Ｐ＜０．０５），在囊胚率和第７ｄ一级胚胎率上各组均无差异。ＥＧＦ在体     

抗猪瘟兔化弱毒单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株的建立

用猪瘟兔化弱毒（ＳＦＶ—Ｃ）牛睾丸细胞培养上清液，经ＰＥＧ—２００００沉淀和蔗糖密度梯度离心提纯制备ＳＦＶ—Ｃ抗原，腹腔免疫Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠，取抗体阳性的免疫小鼠脾细胞，在５０％（Ｗ／Ｖ）ＰＥＧ—４０００作用下，与ＳＰ２／０－Ａｇ１４小鼠骨髓瘤细胞进行融合，产生杂交瘤细胞。用间接ＥＬＩＳＡ法筛选阳性杂交瘤细胞株。通过有限稀释进行３次克隆，获得了２株分泌抗ＳＦＶ—Ｃ的单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株，并对其染色体形态和数目进行分析鉴定。     

甘薯羽状斑驳病毒外壳蛋白基因在大肠杆菌中的表达及特异抗血清的制备

根据已报道的甘薯羽状斑驳病毒（ＳＰＦＭＶ）外壳蛋白（ＣＰ）基因的核苷酸序列合成引物,利用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ的方法获得ＣＰ基因后,再将其克隆到原核表达载体ｐＥＴ３０ａ（＋）中。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析表明,经ＩＰＴＧ诱导,ＣＰ基因在大肠杆菌ＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３）ｐＬｙｓＳ中获得了高效表达。以含表达产物的凝胶为抗原,免疫家兔,制备了ＳＰＦＭＶ外壳蛋白的特异性抗血清。Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ和点免疫（Ｄｏｔｂｏ     

细粒棘球蚴生发层细胞系可溶性抗原的免疫学及SDS-PAGE分析

本研究报道了细粒棘球蚴生发展细胞可溶性抗原的免疫学研究结果及ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ结果，将原头节可溶性抗原，生发展可溶性抗原，囊液抗原免疫Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠制备抗血清并用原头节人工感染Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠制备阳性鼠血清，再用生发展细胞系可溶性抗原以间接ＥＬＩＳＡ法进行检测以观察该抗原的反应原性；用ｐＡｇ，ｇＡｇ，ＳＨＦ以及生发展分泌抗在分别对曾反种过细胞系细胞的Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠的血清进行检测，以了解细胞系抗原     

甜菜坏死黄脉病毒新疆分离物外壳蛋白基因的序列分析

用根据国外已报道的甜菜坏死黄脉病毒（ＢＮＹＶＶ）的ＲＮＡ２的序列合成的两个引物，通过对ＢＮＹＶＶ新疆分离物的ＲＮＡ逆转录获得了ＢＮＹＶＶ的外壳蛋白基因的ｃＤＮＡ，经ＰＣＲ扩增后用Ｔ４聚合酶补平两端，克隆到ｐＧＥＭ－７Ｚｆ（＋）质粒的ＳｍａＩ位点，转化大肠杆菌ＤＨ５α，经筛选得到正向插入的重组质粒ｐＧＥＢ３。用ＰＣＲ扩增和酶切均得到５９０ｂｐ的ＤＮＡ片段。用ＡＢＩ３７０Ａ型ＤＮＡ全自动序列仪测出该ｃ     

苄嘧黄隆及甲黄隆的气相色谱分析方法研究

本文研究了苄嘧黄隆和甲黄隆的气相色谱分析方法。采用（１）５％ＯＶ－１０１／Ｃｈｒｏ－ｍｏｓｏｒｂＧＡＷＤＭＣＳ（０．２５～０．１８ｍｍ）；（２）５％新戊二醇己二酸聚酯／ＣｈｒｏｍｏｓｏｒｂＧＡＷＤＭ－ＣＳ（０．２５～０．１８ｍｍ）的两条色谱柱，邻苯二甲酸二戊酯为内标，氢火焰离子化检测器，标准偏差（ＳＤ）≤０．０６４％，变异系数（ＣＶ）≤２．１％，平均回收率为９６．７％～９８．８％。     

指导的基因在动物乳腺特异性表达载体的构建

为了实现外源蛋白质在动物乳腺中特异性表达,采用ＰＣＲ法扩增了ＢＬＧ ３’端含第６,７外显子及ｐｏｌｙ（Ａ）加尾信号下游约２００ｂｐ的０．８７ｋｂ片断。以山羊ＢＬＧ ５’的３．２ｋｂ（含第１,２外显子）启动子,山羊ＢＬＧ ３’０．８７ｋｂ序列,鸡α－珠蛋白基因簇π基因上游的－２．４￣－５．３ｋｂ ＨｉｎｄⅢ序列,绿色荧光蛋白ＧＦＰ及原核载体ｐＧＥＭ－７ｚｆ构建了ｐＧＥＭ－７ｚｆ－ＧＦＰ－ＭＡＲ－５’     

用Dowex IX8浓缩和分离无机硒—氢化物发生—原子吸收光谱法的预处理

用ＤｏｗｅｘＩＸ８研究了硒与强碱离子交换剂的交换常数，并由此确定了Ｓｅ（ＩＶ）和Ｓｅ（ＶＩ）的预浓缩和分离的方法，该法已应用于氢化物发生－原子吸收光谱法（ＨＧ－ＡＡＳ）测定饮用水和天然水中Ｓｅ（ＩＶ）和溶解性总的Ｓｅ量，用该法得到的结果，与应用冷阱中以硒化氢进行预浓缩然后用ＨＧ－ＡＡＳ测定的硒量一致。     

Silicon Effect on Nutrient Acquisition of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Under Aluminum Stress

Aluminum (Al) toxicity represents one of the main yield-limiting factors for crops in acid soils. Silicon (Si) is known to increase tolerance in higher plants. This study was conducted to determine whether treatment with Si could improve nutrient uptake by peanut under Al stress. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. cv Zhonghua 4) was raised with or without Si (1.5 mM) in the growth chamber under 0 and toxic Al (0.3 mM) levels. Aluminum stress significantly decreased the root- and total-dry weight by 52.4% and 32.0%, respectively. The content of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) was significantly decreased, but that of Al increased markedly in shoots and roots after Al exposure at seedling, flower-needle, and pod-setting stage. Silicon alleviates Al toxicity in peanut plants in relation to Al distribution and allocation of tissue P, K, Ca, and Mg by favoring the partitioning of dry mass to roots.     

Trace Metal Contamination During Grinding of Plant Samples

Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopic (ICP-MS) analysis of leaves from 22 cabbage crops in the Sa P? and B?c Hà districts of Láo Cai Province, North-Western Vi?t Nam, revealed unexpectedly high concentrations of chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni). The concentrations were strongly linearly related (r² = 0.94), indicating sample contamination during grinding through a stainless-steel hammer mill. We tested this hypothesis in two ways. First, brown rice ground through the same mill was contaminated not only by Cr and Ni, but also cobalt (Co), iron (Fe) and molybdenum (Mo). Second, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive analysis of x-rays (SEM/EDS) of the ground samples revealed small fragments with co-located Fe, Cr and Ni, consistent with stainless steel wear fragments. Other grinders may perform differently and we suggest that quality assurance protocols for trace metal analysis of plants should include testing for grinder wear metals. Lastly, brown rice appears to be convenient for investigating contamination of plant tissues during grinding.     

模拟降雨条件下污染土壤中重金属元素径流迁移特征

探明污染土壤中重金属元素随地表径流迁移特征,对于防控重金属污染物的迁移扩散具有重要意义。通过室内模拟降雨试验,研究不同降雨强度下(55,100,120mm/h)污染土壤中Cd、Pb和Cr随地表径流迁移的特征。结果表明:径流中3种重金属元素总量在产流的前20min内逐渐降低,随后趋于稳定;产流初期(产流10min内)颗粒态重金属占径流重金属总量的比例均在80%以上;随产流时间延长,颗粒态Cd和Cr对径流重金属的贡献率快速降低,其颗粒态/溶解态的比值范围分别为47.0～0.4和12.9～0.4,而Pb则主要以颗粒态的形式存在,溶解态Pb对其随径流迁移的贡献率可忽略不计;随降雨强度增大,径流中总Cd和Pb含量显著降低,而径流中总Cr含量以及溶解态重金属含量无明显变化规律。     

Effects of humic acid on remediation of the nutritional deficiency of gerbera in hydroponic culture

Information is scant on the effect of humic acid (HA) on physiological, antioxidant and photosynthesis attributes of gerbera plants undergoing nutrient deficiency in culture solution. Gerbera plants cv. Malibu were grown in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with 3 replications, using 3 different nutrient solutions [complete nutrient solution (NSc), 25% NSc (NS1), and 50% NSc (NS2)] treated with 2 levels of humic acid [0 (HA0) and 500 mg/l (HA1)].The interaction effect of HA and NS showed that HA improved the flower number in NSc, the transpiration in NS1+HA1, photosynthesis rate in NSc+HA1, stomatal conductance (gs) in NS2, mesophyll conductance of leaves in all NS levels and photosynthetic water use efficiency in NSc+HA1. The interaction effect of nutrient solution and HA on antioxidant activity was inconclusive, malondialdehyde content was the highest in NS2 and the lowest in NS1+HA1. The peroxidase activity increased in complete nutrient solution with and without HA and there were no differences among other treatments. Superoxide dismutase activity increased in NS1 and complete nutrient solution with HA and reached the highest in NSc. Humic acid was more effective in nutrient uptake, i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, zinc, and iron (N, P, K, Ca, Zn, and Fe) in complete nutrient solution compared to NS1 and NS2. Conclusively, humic acid can compensate the nutrient deficiency stress of the culture solution in regards to protein synthesis, photosynthesis attributes regardless of the nutrient uptake of gerbera.     

Irrigation Module and Sowing Date Affect Seed Cotton Yield,Quality, Productivity Indices,and Economics of Cotton in North-western India

ABSTRACT

Delayed sowing and imprecise application of irrigation water to cotton has been the major hurdle in sustaining cotton yield in north-western India. Therefore, studies were initiated to ascertain the impact of heavy or normal level of presowing irrigation (PSI), scheduling time of first postsowing irrigation (POSI) under two sowing dates (SDs) on cotton arranged in a split block design replicated thrice. PSI_h (100 mm) recorded 23.2% higher seed cotton yield over PSI_n (70 mm) owing to better yield attributes and higher stand. First POSI at 4 weeks after sowing (WAS) resulted the highest yield (3072 kg ha^?1), while one at 6 WAS (POSI₆) recorded least due to poor population and reduced yield attributes. Water productivity under POSI₆ was lesser by 29.1%, 25.2%, and 16.2% as compared to POSI₃, POSI₄, and POSI₅, respectively. April sown crop out yielded the May sown cotton crop by 939 kg ha^?1 due to better yield attributes. Nitrogen factor productivity (NFP) among SD remained higher by 23.3% for April as compared to May sowing. PSI_h exhibited better NFP over PSI_n. POSI₆ recorded least NFP by 24.4%, 28.5%, and 16.3% as compared to POSI₃, POSI₄, and POSI₅, respectively and was indicative of relatively poor utilization of N under delayed schedules. Therefore, planting in April after heavy PSI and scheduling first POSI at 4 WAS is best strategy for sustaining cotton yield and maximizing farmer profitability.     

氮磷钾不同配比对饲用稻威优198产量及糙米蛋白含量的影响

采用田间小区试验研究“推荐配比”(N:P2O5:K2O比率为190:90:100 kg hm-2)、“高氮量配比”(N:P2O5:K2O比率为210:90:100 kg hm-2)、“低氮量配比”(N:P2O5:K2O比率为170:90:100 kg hm-2)以及“常规配比”(N:P2O5:K2O比率为216:112.5:202.5 kg hm-2)4种氮、磷、钾配比施肥对饲用稻威优198蔗糖合成酶(SUS)、腺苷二磷酸焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)、硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)以及产量和糙米蛋白质的影响。结果表明:“推荐配比”能提高不同生育时期水稻功能叶(旗叶)和粒籽中碳、氮代谢关键酶的活性,这些关键酶活性的变化显著影响水稻产量和糙米全氮以及蛋白氮的含量。统计(P0.05)结果证实“推荐配比”能提高水稻产量达到8200 kg hm-2,与“常规配比”相比产量提高了24.81%;“推荐配比”糙米全氮和蛋白氮含量分别达到22.70 g kg-1和21.98 g kg-1,与“常规配比”相比差异显著,并且其全氮和蛋白氮含量分别提高17.01%,18.38%。     

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Enhance Tolerance of Rosa multiflora cv. Burr to Bicarbonate in Irrigation Water

ABSTRACT

High bicarbonate (HCO₃ ^?) of irrigation water can be detrimental to plant growth in sustainable horticultural production systems. The ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), ZAC-19, (composed of Glomus albidum, Glomus claroideum, and Glomus diaphanum) to enhance tolerance to HCO₃ ^? was tested on Rosa multiflora cv. Burr. Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonized and non-inoculated (non-AMF) plants were treated with 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mM HCO₃ ^?. Increasing HCO₃ ^? concentration and associated high pH and electrical conductivity (EC)—reduced plant growth, nutrient uptake, and acid phosphatase activity, while increasing alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP). Inoculation with AMF enhanced plant tolerance to HCO₃ ^?, as indicated by greater growth (leaf, stem, and total plant dry weight, leaf area and leaf area ratio), leaf elemental concentration [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), boron (B)], leaf chlorophyll concentration, higher mycorrhizal inoculation effect, lower root Fe reductase activity, and generally lower soluble ALP activity. While AMF colonization was reduced by increasing HCO₃ ^? concentration, colonization still occurred at high HCO₃ ^? concentration. At 2.5 mM HCO₃ ^?, AMF plant growth was comparable to plants at 0 mM HCO₃ ^?, further indicating the beneficial effect of AMF for alleviation of HCO₃ ^? plant stress.     

四种常规方法提取伊利石有效钾的机制比较

采用化学分析、X射线衍射、中红外光声光谱以及原子力显微镜的方法,比较了0.2 mol L~(-1)四苯硼钠法、1 mol L~(-1)沸硝酸法、2 mol L~(-1)冷硝酸法和2 mol L~(-1)热盐酸法浸提伊利石中有效钾的机制。结果表明,四苯硼钠法浸提时,伊利石中钾素释放量达到全钾量的59.5%,且基本均通过层间交换反应予以释放,结构离子铁、铝和硅释放量极低;采用三种酸溶液浸提时,其钾素释放量仅占全钾量的1.53%~2.46%,通过层间交换反应释放的钾量占释放量的比例为88.4%~94.0%。四苯硼钠浸提时伊利石层间距扩大,产生次生过渡矿物,并形成富硅表层,但在伊利石表面无溶蚀特征;三种酸溶液浸提时伊利石结构无改变,但其结晶度降低,且表面有明显的溶蚀特征。因此,土壤矿物层间钾是作物可利用有效钾的主要来源,三种酸溶液浸提方法一方面低估了有效钾容量,另一方面提取了一部分不能为植物所利用的结构态钾,不适宜于用来评价伊利石及土壤有效钾库容量。     

NH4+-K+ co-loaded clinoptilolite as a binary fertilizer

ABSTRACT

Understanding the potential of clinoptilolite (CLI) for adsorption of NH₄⁺ and K⁺, providing appropriate fertilizer formula, and evaluation of the produced zeolitic nutrient sources (ZNSs) to meet the plant need are the main objectives of this study. Three ZNSs (NH₄⁺-saturated, K⁺-saturated and dual-purpose NH₄⁺-K⁺ saturated CLI) were produced, assessed, and compared with commercial N and K fertilizers (CFs) on corn growth in a greenhouse. The results indicated that CLI can potentially adsorb both NH₄⁺ and K⁺ to the maximum values of 25.00 mg-NH₄⁺ g^?1 and 47.61 mg-K g^?1, respectively, and chemisorptions mainly followed the process of adsorption. Saturation of zeolite by NH₄⁺ and K⁺ occurred after 10 and 15 d which lead to ZNSs with 2% and 5% of N and K, respectively. NH₄⁺-K⁺ saturated CLI contained 1% N and 1% K. The greenhouse experiment showed no significant difference between ZNSs and CFs on plant growth. However, the application of both N and K in the form of zeolitic sources significantly increased the uptake of N by the plant. The highest uptake of K (2.05 g pot^?1) occurred in plants supplied with both natural zeolite and CFs. The present results may benefit the future utilization of ZNSs in environmental friendly farming practices.     

氨甲喋呤(MTX)的直接碘标记方法研究

本文报道了~125I(~131I)抗肿瘤药物氨甲喋呤的制备方法,用直接碘化法——NBS、ChT、Iodogen进行标记,并对这几种方法进行了比较。结果表明,NBS法最好,标记率达90—99％。经Sephadex G-75柱凝胶过滤后得到纯产品,放化纯度为95.4％。所制得的标记产品适用于示踪研究。