不同培养料栽培草菇试验

试验用平菇下床料,松木屑、稻草、棉籽壳及棉籽壳木屑混合料进行草菇栽培比较,结果表明,棉籽壳木屑混合料及平菇下床料效果与棉籽壳相同;比稻草优越,用于生产可节省棉籽壳和稻草50％～100％。     

农林废弃物栽培平菇的配方优化研究

以农林废弃物果树枝条木屑、棉籽壳、玉米芯及麦草为基质材料,采用混料试验设计方法,通过对不同培养料配方的菌丝生长速度、生物学效率和投入产出比的统计分析,优化农林废弃物栽培平菇的高效配方。结果表明:玉米芯34.8%、棉籽壳52.2%、麸皮10%、石灰2%、石膏1%的配方栽培平菇的平均单菇质量最大,为293.8g;麦草52.2%,棉籽壳34.8%,麸皮10%、石灰2%、石膏1%的配方栽培平菇的生物学效率最高,为148.32%;玉米芯52.2%、棉籽壳34.8%、麸皮10%、石灰2%、石膏1%和玉米芯52.2%,棉籽壳17.4%,果树枝条木屑17.4%、麸皮10%、石灰2%、石膏1%的配方栽培平菇的投产比最高,为1∶2.2。     

木麻黄木屑栽培平菇的研究

以速生阔叶树种木麻黄作为原料 ,以其它相混杂的阔叶树种 (称之为杂木 )为对照 ,进行栽培平菇的研究。结果表明 :以木屑和棉籽壳各半为原料的配方适合于平菇的栽培。以木麻黄为主要原料栽培平菇的平均产量是每袋 1 3 65kg,比以杂木为主要原料栽培平菇的平均产量每袋 1 0 3 2kg高出 0 3 3 3kg,感染率也高出8 72 % ,而生物效率相差不多 ,分别是 1 0 6 0 61 %和 1 0 3 82 3 % ;用木麻黄木屑栽培出的平菇与用杂木木屑栽培出的平菇在蛋白质、糖类、脂肪、纤维素、氨基酸含量及氨基酸种类方面极为相近 ,这充分说明了木麻黄和其它阔叶树一样 ,可作为平菇等食用菌栽培的原料。以木麻黄为原料在沿海地区栽培平菇等食用菌取得成功 ,是利用沿海防护林速生树种木麻黄作为食用菌林上的一个创新。     

稻草栽培平菇的研究

对稻草栽培平菇进行了研究 ,以廉价的稻草代替木屑 ,得出用稻草栽培平菇的合适配方 ,经研究证明 :稻草是栽培平菇的好材料 ,尤其是配方3最为理想     

花生壳、棉籽壳混合栽培平菇

用花生壳和棉籽壳混合栽培平菇,资源丰富,技术简单,效益与用纯绵籽壳栽培差不多,比用纯稻草栽培高２０％,成本可降低３０％左右,其主要栽培技术如下： 一、原料处理与配方将花生壳粉碎成小粒,与等量的棉籽壳经日晒２～３天后备用。配方是：花生壳、棉籽壳８０％～９０％,小麦麸皮４％～６％,过磷酸钙２％,石膏１．５％,多菌灵０．２％,料水比１：１．３～１：１．４,ｐＨ７．５～８。 二、拌料与堆积发酵先将粉碎的花生亮与小麦麸皮、石膏粉、过磷酸钙混合,加入 ｐＨ８～９的石灰水拌湿,边拌边加石灰水。拌好后堆放半小时左…     

香菇不同配方代料栽培其菌球干重比较

以木屑、碎玉米芯、棉籽壳为主要原料,研究几种配方栽培香菇对其菌球干重的影响变化。结果表明各配方栽培香菇对菌球干重显著影响,其中配方b:锯木屑66%,玉米芯10%,麸皮22%,石膏1%,过磷酸钙1%,含水量65%进行香菇代料栽培,其菌丝洁白、浓密、粗壮、长速快,菌球干重最为显著。     

稻草与木屑栽培平菇的比较试验

水稻是我国主要的粮食作物之一,每年产生大量的稻草绝大部分被烧掉,为了变废为宝,减少污染,进行了此次研究。旨在通过稻草与木屑的比例不同,通过对比得出用稻草栽培平菇的合适配方。试验共设计5个配方,其中稻草以20％的比例递增,木屑以20％的比例递减,通过对产量的统计和对其经济效益的分析,结果表明,C是最佳的配方,即稻草40％、木屑40％、麸皮15％、石膏2．5％、糖1％、过磷酸钙1．5％。     

冬春栽培杏鲍茹

杏鲍菇冬春栽培，菌肉肥厚、细嫩，味道鲜美，营养丰富，倍受消费者欢迎。 １．栽培时间。从播种到出菇约需５０至６０天，一般可安排１０月至次年２月制栽培袋，１１月至次年３月均可出菇．可在室内或室外大棚育菇。 ２．培养料配方。配方①棉籽壳６０％－７０％、　　皮１５％～２０％、棉籽粉１０％～１５％、糖ｌ％、碳酸钙１％．配方②：杂木屑６８％～７５％、　皮０％～２０％、棉籽粉０％～２０％、糖１％、碳酸钙１％。配方③：杂木屑３０％～３５％、棉籽壳３０％－３５％、棉籽粉１０％～２０％、糖１％、碳酸钙１％、　皮１０％…     

芒屑为主要原料栽培姬松茸试验初报

代料食用菌培养料配比长期以来沿用杂木屑78％、麦麸20％、红糖1％、石膏1％。这一传统配方中杂木屑比例占了培养料的近四分之三,对阔叶林资源的消耗量极大。近年来,利用芒屑为主要原料的配方、以熟料方式栽培姬松茸,取得较好效果。     

栽培3种木腐型食用菌的杨木废弃物配方选择研究

为了充分利用杨木加工过程中产生的木屑和树皮,在实验室里对3种木腐型食用菌进行不同配方栽培实验,并与对照进行菌丝生长、子实体发育、产量和生物转化率的比较。结果表明,在不同的配方中,杨木屑占58%的3种食用菌菌丝生长及显蕾较快,姬菇、小白平菇、金针菇杨木屑分别占58%、78%、39%产量最高。杨树皮的4种配方中3种食用菌的菌丝生长均比对照慢;杨树皮占58%的配方栽培的姬茹、小白平菇显蕾快而整齐;杨树皮占39%的姬菇和金针菇产量最高,小白平菇在4种配方中产量均低于对照。     

玉米芯栽培柳松菇试验

为充分利用本地玉米芯资源 ,筛选出玉米芯栽培柳松菇的优良配方 ,进行了玉米芯栽培柳松菇试验 ,结果表明 ,用棉籽壳 60 %、玉米芯 2 0 %、麸皮 1 7%、磷肥 1 %、石膏 1 %、CaCO3 1 %的配方 ,柳松菇菌丝生长迅速 ,粗壮浓密 ,产量比对照增加 5 .1 % ,产量方差分析表明各组间差异达极显著水平     

Effects of physical properties of wood on the water activity of wood meal media for the cultivation of edible mushrooms

The effects of physical properties of wood, including specific gravity, porosity, and water retention, on the water activity (a _w) of wood meal media for the cultivation of edible mushrooms were examined. Five species of wood, selected from an initial set of 11 species, and six species of fungi popularly cultivated in Japan were used. The water activity of each fungal species was measured using liquid media in which a _w had been reduced by adding NaCl, KCl, sucrose, or ethylene glycol. From the water activities of the media and fungi, we estimated the most suitable wood species for the cultivation of each edible mushroom in wood meal media. Suitable wood species for the wood meal cultivation of shiitake, nameko, and maitake, which had relatively high a _w, was limited to hardwoods like arakashi, konara, and irohakaede because of their higher water activities. Edible mushrooms with lower levels of a _w, like hiratake, enokitake, and bunashimeji, could be cultivated in all kinds of wood species used in this experiment, but especially in sugi.Parts of this report were presented at the 49th, 50th, 51st, and 52nd Annual Meetings of the Japan Wood Research Society, in Kyoto (April 2000), Tokyo (April 2001), Gifu (April 2002), and Fukuoka (March 2003), Japan     

毛竹食用菌复合经营模式研究

利用毛竹林生态环境条件,以竹笋加工废料笋壳为培养基质,进行食用菌生产试验。结果表明,以笋壳作为培养料的平菇、榆黄蘑产量分别为592.59 kg/100 m²、187.50 kg/100 m²,分别占同样条件下以木屑作为培养料所获产量的44.06%和20.15%;以笋壳作为培养料的食用菌生产经历了2潮明显的出菇高峰,时间周期短而集中;而木屑培养料的食用菌则经历了3潮明显的出菇过程,时间周期较长。在产量方面,虽然平菇比榆黄蘑产量高,但榆黄蘑的市场价格较高,因此也值得推广。与木屑相比,笋壳具有生产成本低、生态环保、市场潜力大等优势,具有很高的潜在利用价值。     

不同培养料配方对白灵菇生长的影响

通过不同培养料配方对白灵菇菌丝体和子实体生长的对比试验,结果表明,在供试的4个配方中,配方1棉子壳培养料菌丝生长速度最快、产量最高,其次是配方2玉米芯培养料和配方4玉米芯与木屑混合培养料,配方12、4、子实体各自产量与配方3木屑培养料子实体产量差异极显著,配方1与配方2对白灵菇的菌丝体生长和子实体产量的影响差异不明显,配方1和配方4相比差异显著,说明配方2玉米芯培养料是代替配方1棉子壳培养料进行白灵菇生产的最佳配方,其次是配方4玉米芯与木屑混合培养料,为白灵菇生产者提供了新的原料资源。     

Herbicides are more cost-effective than alternative weed control methods for increasing early growth of Eucalyptus dunnii and Eucalyptus saligna

Effective weed control is an essential management task in establishing commercial tree plantations. Much of the current weed control strategies employed in Australian forestry relies on the use of available herbicides. However, given community concern regarding the use of herbicides, investigation of alternative weed control methods is warranted. We tested the ability and cost-effectiveness of mechanical (hand weeding and inter-row slashing), mulching (sawdust over newsprint, woodchips and jute), cover crops and herbicide applications for weed control in establishing eucalypt plantations. Jute matting and herbicide treatments reduced weed competition and increased seedling growth to age 2 years in plantations of Eucalyptus dunnii and Eucalyptus saligna in northern NSW, Australia. Growth increased by 269 % (Experiment 1) and 196 % (Experiment 2) in the Jute and by 216 % (Experiment 2) in the Herbicide treatments when compared to the control (no weed control) at 2 years age. As the Jute material deteriorated, after nearly 2 years, weed cover increased and there were significantly more weeds present in the Jute treatment compared to the Herbicide treatment. Jute matting costs approximately 15 times more than the herbicide regime used and, therefore, could not presently be considered a viable option for weed control in commercial eucalypt plantations. Other weed control treatments, including hand weeding, sawdust and woodchip mulches, slashing and sowing cover crops did not effectively control weeds and did not improve survival or increase seedling growth to age 2 relative to the control. We conclude that herbicides remain the most cost-effective weed control option available to commercial growers of eucalypt plantations.     

白灵菇菌丝生长因子的研究

研究了影响白灵菇菌丝生长的主要因素,比较了不同菌株在不同培养基含水量、酸碱度和温度条件下菌丝生长的情况。试验结果表明:白灵菇菌丝最适合生长的培养基含水量为65%~75%,Pl.n0028在最适合含水量的培养基中菌丝生长与其它菌株有差异,生长速度较快;最适合生长的培养基pH值为6~8,Pl.n0029在最适合pH的培养基中菌丝生长与其它菌株有差异,生长速度较快;最适合生长的温度为25~30℃,Pl.n0029在适合培养温度下菌丝生长与其它菌株有差异,生长速度较快。     

不同基质和覆盖处理对杜鹃种子萌芽及成苗的影响

为获得高效的杜鹃育苗方法,以杜鹃花‘紫鹤’和‘粉鹤’自交种子为试材,研究了不同基质和覆盖处理对杜鹃花种子萌发、成苗和实生苗形态建成的影响。研究结果表明:以未发酵的玉米秸秆粉末作为播种基质不能使杜鹃花种子发芽和形成实生苗;以园土与干苔藓混合物和园土与棉籽壳混合物作为播种基质仅有少量种子发芽,不利于实生苗的生长;以蛭石和蛭石与干苔藓混合物作为播种基质的杜鹃发芽率和成苗率分别可达到65.33%~81.33%和62.67%~78.67%,但不利于杜鹃花实生苗的形态建成;以草炭和草炭与干苔藓的混合物作为播种基质能显著促进杜鹃花种子的萌发和成苗形成,且杜鹃花实生苗生长发育健壮;覆盖处理则降低了杜鹃花种子的发芽率。     

The smell and odorous components of dried shiitake mushroom, Lentinula edodes VI: increase in odorous compounds of dried shiitake mushroom cultivated on bed logs

Odor is one of the most important characteristics affecting consumer preference for dried shiitake mushrooms [Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler]. In our previous studies, we found that the odor content of commercial dried products was too weak for most people, and that the odorous compound content could be increased by adding amino acids to sawdust media. Currently, however, bed-log cultivation is used to produce fruiting bodies for dried products. The purpose of this study was to fi nd a method to increase the content of odorous compounds in dried products cultivated on bed logs. Pressure injection of amino acids from the side of the bed log was the most effi cient method, but it had some problems. Hence, a simpler and less troublesome method was developed, i.e., injecting amino acid solution from small bottles set in deep holes bored in the sides of the bed logs. In fruiting bodies cultivated on bed logs injected with amino acid solution by the improved method, the mean contents of lentinic acid, a precursor of the odorous compound lenthionine, approximately doubled compared to that in the untreated logs, although the infi ltration area of the solution injected by the improved method was smaller than that by the former method.