广东省几种野生杜鹃花植物的种子发芽条件研究

应用实验方法检测了广东省10种杜鹃花属植物在不同基质、播种时间、光照条件下的种子发芽能力。结果表明,播种基质影响种子发芽率。所有种在非灭菌根际土上的发芽率均高于灭菌河沙与灭菌根际土,灭菌河沙基质发芽率最低。广东杜鹃(Rhododendron kwangtungense)、羊角杜鹃(Rhododendron cavaleriei)和太平杜鹃(Rhododendron championae)在3种基质上的发芽率都超过50%;杜鹃植物种子的发芽具有需光性,所测试植物的种子在光照条件下的发芽率均远高于遮荫条件;不同播种时间在一定程度上影响杜鹃花属植物种子的发芽率。采种1个月后播种的种子发芽率最高,采种2个月以后才播的种子发芽率明显下降。     

基质、覆盖物、播种深度和含水率对欧洲垂枝桦种子萌发的影响

以引进俄罗斯欧洲垂枝桦种子为材料,研究土壤基质、覆盖物、播种深度和基质含水率对欧洲垂枝桦种子萌发的影响。结果表明:不同土壤基质、不同覆盖物、不同播种深度和不同基质含水率对欧洲垂枝桦种子发芽率有显著性的影响;综合分析表明,以草炭土为基质,并以针叶为覆盖物,当播种深度为0.5 cm时,种子萌发过程保持基质含水率60%,欧洲垂枝桦种子发芽效果最好。     

湿度和基质对樟子松种子发芽情况的影响

为了解湿度和基质对樟子松种子发芽的影响,在环境湿度为95%、85%、75%时,以纸床和蛭石为基质,观察樟子松种子发芽状况。结果表明:在蛭石和纸床(脱脂纱布)发芽过程中,发芽势和发芽率随着湿度降低而下降,2种基质的发芽势在95%和85%湿度时与75%湿度相比较差异显著,不同湿度间发芽率差异不显著。在同一湿度环境下,蛭石基质发芽势和发芽率均高于纸床发芽势和发芽率,差异不显著。综合来看,蛭石基质在环境空气湿度95%和85%时更利于樟子松种子萌发。     

长序榆繁殖试验研究

采取完全随机区组设计,开展了长序榆播种和1年生茎干扦插繁殖试验。统计了播种试验不同基质发芽率和扦插试验的插穗愈伤组织诱导率、腐烂率、生根率、总根数及最长不定根长度等生理指标。试验结果表明:(1)覆土厚度和播种基质显著影响种子发芽率,覆盖2mm厚度的园土发芽率最高,发芽率达80%以上,播种基质为园土的显著高于河沙和泥炭+珍珠岩基质(P0.05);(2)覆膜和生根剂是影响插穗褐变及生根率的主要因素,覆膜下的生根率显著高于不覆膜处理(P0.05);200×10-6浓度萘乙酸(NAA)处理和泥炭+珍珠岩基质的扦插生根率最高,生根率达80%以上。(3)一年生扦插苗株高、地径和全株生物量显著高于一年生实生苗,各器官生物量没有差异。长序榆具有发芽率高及易生根的特点,扦插苗生长速率稍高于实生苗。     

4种处理对杜鹃红山茶种子萌发的影响

为探索不同处理对杜鹃红山茶种子萌发的影响,以8-9年生杜鹃红山茶植株新鲜种子为材料,探讨GA_3、IAA、6-BA的应用,基质种类,播种深度以及低温沙藏等处理对种子发芽势和发芽率的影响。结果表明,(1)GA_3浓度与处理时间对杜鹃红山茶种子发芽率影响显著,高浓度的GA_3溶液浸种有利于种子萌发,发芽率最高的激素组合为600mg/L GA_3+100mg/L IAA+600mg/L 6-BA+浸种3h;(2)杜鹃红山茶种子萌发对播种环境响应较敏感,播种深度应综合播种基质种类共同考虑,采用混合基质(V椰糠︰V珍珠岩=2︰1),播种深度为1cm,种子萌发效果最佳;(3)低温沙藏能显著提高杜鹃红山茶种子萌发效果,随低温沙藏时间的增加种子的发芽势和发芽率呈逐渐增高的趋势;(4)经低温沙藏的种子继续用GA_3浸种,可进一步提高种子发芽率,种子经低温沙藏60d后采用300mg/L GA_3浸种3h,发芽率最高,为67.78%。     

不同配比基质对降香黄檀种子萌发的影响

将河沙、泥炭土、黄心土按照不同比例配成基质,研究不同基质对降香黄檀(Dalbergia odorifera T.Chen)种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽时间和成苗率的影响,筛选出适宜其萌发的基质配比。结果表明:不同基质对降香黄檀种子的萌发影响显著,黄心土(发芽率72.7%、发芽势49.3%、发芽时间12.7d、成苗率69.71%)和泥炭土(发芽率68.0%、发芽势53.3%、发芽时间13d、成苗率74.15%)适宜降香黄檀种子的萌发,而河沙中的种子所需萌发时间长(17.7d)、成苗率低(27.90%)。结合成本考虑,黄心土是降香黄檀播种较理想的基质。     

白三叶种子催芽技术与育苗基质的研究

以白三叶(Trifoliu mrepens)种子为试验材料,研究水浸时间、育苗基质类型、不同浓度赤霉素与硝酸钾浸种处理对白三叶种子发芽的影响。结果表明,水浸24h可极显著提高种子发芽指数、萌发活力指数、发芽势和发芽率,与未浸种的相比发芽率可提高10%-13%;基质类型对种子的发芽指数和萌发活力指数影响均达到显著水平,种子较适合的催芽浓度与育苗基质组合为50mg·L-2赤霉素、0.2%硝酸钾、园土∶沙∶泥炭土=2∶1∶1,平均发芽率达31.67%,平均萌发活力指数达42.212。     

不同基质对欧洲鹅耳枥1年生播种苗生长及生理特性影响

为了筛选出欧洲鹅耳枥1年生播种苗最佳基质配方,以园土、蛭石、珍珠岩和草炭为基质材料,以欧洲鹅耳枥露白种子播种的1年生苗为试验材料,采用随机区组实验,按照不同配比设计10种基质,以园土为对照,研究该10种基质配方理化性质及对欧洲鹅耳枥种子萌发特性、1年生苗高、地径、全株干物质积累量等生长特性和叶片光合基本参数、可溶性糖含量、SOD活性、叶绿素含量等叶片生理特性的影响。结果表明:欧洲鹅耳枥的出苗率平均可达80%,最高可达98.44%,属于易发芽种子;不同基质处理对欧洲鹅耳枥育苗及生长特性和叶片生理特性影响差异性显著(p0.05)或极显著(p0.01),其中处理4(V_(园土)∶V_(草炭)∶V_(蛭石)∶V_(珍珠岩)=2∶1∶2∶3)干物质积累量达0.359 g,与对照差异显著;可溶性糖含量高达3.129%,与处理3差异极显著;而处理4叶片SOD活性为300 U·g-1,与处理6差异极显著,与其他处理差异显著;基质4(V_(园土)∶V_(草炭)∶V_(蛭石)∶V_(珍珠岩)=2∶1∶2∶3)为欧洲鹅耳枥育苗最佳基质配方,这对扩大欧洲鹅耳枥在国内的基质栽培提供了参考。     

降香黄檀种子贮藏及播前处理技术

经4种方法处理后测定降香黄檀种子发芽率,运用3种方式贮藏后播种测定降香黄檀的种子发芽率。播种后,用3种基质覆盖测发芽率和成苗率。结果表明播种前用60℃温水加高锰酸钾消毒30 min,再浸泡24 h的种子发芽率最高;17℃贮藏最适合规模育苗;用黄心土作为基质覆盖,效果最好。     

大字杜鹃播种育苗技术研究

以大字杜鹃为材料,对播种育苗技术进行研究,结果表明,种子发芽适宜的光照强度为1 000～2 000 Lx;种子最佳催芽处理方法是:种子采集调制后冷藏,播种前浸泡48 h;最适宜的播种基质为腐殖土+土沙混合,比例为2:1 ,再覆盖1 cm厚粉碎的苔藓.播种育苗适宜在温室与塑料大棚中进行,出苗率分别达到85% 和61%,当...     

Effect of growing media on seed germination and vigor in biofuel tree species

To evaluate laboratory germination media, seed germi- nation rates and methodology for both Jatropha curcas and Pongamia pinnata were counted in different germination medium, such as river sand, quartz sand and vermiculite. The seeds of both species were sown at 2-cm depth of river sand, quartz sand and vermiculite. We evaluated methodologies of seeds of J. curcas and P. pinnata by ISTA （Interna- tional Seed Testing Association）. The results showed that river sand is the best medium for tree seeds planted at 2-cm depth of River sand. Vermiculite was second best. On paper media, there were many abnor- mal seedlings and this media were unsuitable for germination of the larger seeds.     

不同基质对短序润楠种子发芽及生长节律的影响

比较分析了河沙、草炭土、园土及三者的混合土对短序润楠种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:不同基质处理下短序润楠种子发芽及生长具有显著差异,混合土和黄心土的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数等均明显高于河沙和草炭土,但草炭土的叶片展开时的苗高最大。不同基质处理下的短序润楠幼苗的生长特性表明,幼苗早期生长规律符合Logistic曲线特征,其方程拟合模型的决定系数(R~2)均大于0.998,达到显著相关水平。根据Logistic曲线方程上两个生长拐点可以将短序润楠的生长过程划分为渐增期、速生期、缓增期,其中处于速生期幼苗的苗高生长量均超过总量的50%。     

不同覆盖基质粒径对草花种子出苗质量的影响

草花在园林景观利用的地位越来越来高,草花生产育苗技术是关键环节。蛭石且有可靠的理化性质,是作为草花种子发芽的上好覆盖材料,不同粒径的蛭石对草花的发芽生长有直观影响。试验表明：三级蛭石比二级蛭石作为覆盖基质对柳穿鱼和福禄考种子发芽率有提高,柳穿鱼和福禄考种苗根长、根重有提高。     

The effect of seed pretreatment and sowing date on the nursery emergence of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis [Bong.] Carr.) seedlings

Sitka spruce seeds which had been: (1) untreated (U), (2) prechilled(P), or (3) prechilled and then redried and stored for 16 months(R), were sown into progressively warmer seed beds on four datesat monthly intervals from March to June. At each sowing date,samples of seed were germinated in the laboratory at optimum(20°C) and sub-optimum (10°C) temperatures. Prechillingand prechilling + redrying both increased the rate and totalamount of germination compared with untreated seed at each testtemperature. However in the nursery, the beneficial effectsof pretreating Sitka spruce seed were restricted to sowing inMarch and April when soil temperatures were sub-optimal forthe germination of untreated seeds. Pretreatment resulted inrapid seedling emergence at soil temperatures between 10°Cand 15°C, whereas untreated seed germinated slowly and seedlingemergence continued until high soil temperatures in June killedungerminated seeds. The pattern of seedling emergence from theredried seed was similar to that from the prechilled seed, exceptfor a lag in the start of seedling emergence probably due tothe extra time needed for redried seed to imbibe water in theseed beds. Thus redrying caused insignificant loss of seed performanceon the nursery. Seed sown in May and June experienced average temperatures closeto the optimum for germination of 20°C, however daily maximaregularly exceeded 35°C resulting in the cessation of seedlingemergence in all three seed treatments, and the loss of newlyemerged seedlings. Periods of warm weather from June onwardswere the main factors limiting the final number and size ofseedlings.     

杜鹃花种子休眠打破技术的研究

以杜鹃花的两个种映山红（R.simsiiPlanch.）和蓝荆子（R.mucronulatumTurcz.）的种子为实验材料,用不同浓度的硫酸、有机溶剂和氧化剂处理种皮并分别处理不同时间,在培养皿中进行萌发对比实验;用赤霉素、层积及变温处理种子在培养皿中进行萌发的对比实验。结果表明,40%硫酸处理种皮20min、100%乙醚处理种皮20min、5%次氯酸钠处理种皮30min、层积处理及10%赤霉素处理24h均能有效提高映山红种子萌发的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数;20%硫酸处理种皮10min、层积处理和赤霉素处理能显著提高蓝荆子种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数,100%乙醚处理10min能明显著提高蓝荆子种子的发芽率。     

不同催芽方法和播种期对福建山樱花种子发芽率与幼苗生长的影响

介绍了福建山樱花种子采集和处理方法,并研究了不同催芽方法和播种期对种子发芽率与幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,变温沙藏或冷藏的种子次年春播种的发芽率分别达94.5%和90.03%,变温沙藏的种子当年夏季播种的发芽率达83.8%,均能获得较高的发芽率;采种当年播种的苗木,以变温沙藏的地径和苗高为最大,分别达0.49 cm和24.47 cm,即采即播的地径和苗高为最小;采种次年播种的,以常温沙藏的地径和苗高最大,分别达0.90 cm和77.65 cm。     

13种竹种子低温储存条件及种子育苗环境研究

为解决竹子种子长期保存问题,以马来龙竹、云南龙竹、巨龙竹、金平龙竹、麻竹、长节勒竹、云南箭竹、棉花竹、爪哇巨竹、大泰竹、笻竹、方竹和毛竹13种竹子的成熟种子为材料,通过研究不同低温、低温下不同储存时间、不同含水量、不同发芽设施和不同基质对种子发芽率的影响,来判断竹子种子保存的适合条件。结果表明：1）除笻竹和方竹的种子外,大多数竹种的种子在低温储存5个月内,随着温度由10℃逐渐降低到-16℃,种子发芽率会有不同程度的增高;2）在-16℃条件下,随着储存时间的延长,种子发芽率会有所下降;3）种子含水量会在很大程度上影响种子的发芽率,含水量超过在一定临界值,随着含水量的增加,种子发芽率会显著下降;4）选择不同的种子发芽设施也会影响种子发芽率,生产中宜选用具有微喷灌条件的温室进行育苗;5）在无菌红土、黑土和蛭石这3种基质中,蛭石是竹子播种育苗的适宜基质。     

Seed bank and regeneration dynamics of Emmenopterys henryi population on the western side of Wuyi Mountain,South China

Emmenopterys henryi Oliv.(Rubiaceae) is an endangered tree species that is native to China.The wild populations of E.henryi have declined rapidly because of its poor natural regeneration,but the actual regeneration processes are not yet understood.In field tracking surveys and experiments in the Wuyishan Nature Reserve in Southeast China to determine the most important stage that affects the regeneration process,seed bank characteristics,seed germination,and seedling growth dynamics were studied in the typical habitats of E.henryi,Phyllostachys pubescens and broad-leaved forests.Results showed that in both P.pubescens and broad-leaved forests,more than 70% of the E.henryi seeds were distributed in moss and litter layers,and few were found in the soil beneath them.However,seed germination in the soil layer was significantly higher than in the moss and litter layers.Seed density,overall seed quality,and germination rate in the broad-leaved forest were significantly higher than in P.pubescens forest.Seed germination was highest in the microsites around the edge of the crown projection area of E.henryi mother trees.The order of survival rate of the seedlings on different ground surfaces was soil mosslitter.In both habitats,the average seed density was 24.9 seeds m~(-2),and the total germination rate was less than 3.5%.However,seedlings developed from only 1% of the germinated seeds,indicating that the seed germination is the most important stage in the natural regeneration of E.henryi.     

印度,孟加拉西部的Terai地区的大叶合欢预处理及标准化豆荚采集时间和豆荚长度

在孟加拉西部的Pundibari地区,研究在4个采集（豆荚）时间,3个采集豆荚长度（〈10cm,10-20cm和〉20cm）,以及进行的13种预处理对大叶合欢种苗生长和萌发率的影响。豆荚采集时间为2月19日,且没有任何预处理,大叶合欢种子萌发率为92.5%。这明确表明,在2月19日采集的种子具有非休眠,有活力和生理成熟的特性。从长度为10-20 cm豆荚剥离出的种子,2月19日播种,种苗生长良好。利用硫脲预处理种子后,种子的萌发率并没有表现出明显提高,但是当利用低浓度硫脲（100 μL·L-1）预处理种子后,有利于种苗生长。     

不同土壤埋藏深度下山杏(Prunus srmeniaca)种子的萌发和幼苗发育

A semi-greenhouse study was conducted to understand the effects of soil burial depth on seed germination and seedling development. The seeds of wild apricot (Prunus armeniaca) were buried at the soil depths of 0-cm, 4-cm, 8-cm, and 12-cm, respectively, to simulate the seed hoarding behavior of rodents in the field. The results revealed that the rates of seed germination and established seedlings from buried seeds were both the highest in 4-cm burial depth group, and then decreased with increasing soil depth. The number of rotten seeds increased in deeper burial depth. It is unfavourable for seed germination at 0-cm burial depth (i.e., seeds were laid on soil surface). There was insignificant effect of burial depth on growth of established seedlings. The results from this study indicated that proper burial depth in soil would be helpful for the seed germination and seedling growth. The seedlings derived from buried seeds at shallower depth (4 cm) in this research have advantage in their early development.