13种竹种子低温储存条件及种子育苗环境研究

为解决竹子种子长期保存问题，以马来龙竹、云南龙竹、巨龙竹、金平龙竹、麻竹、长节勒竹、云南箭竹、棉花竹、爪哇巨竹、大泰竹、笻竹、方竹和毛竹13种竹子的成熟种子为材料，通过研究不同低温、低温下不同储存时间、不同含水量、不同发芽设施和不同基质对种子发芽率的影响，来判断竹子种子保存的适合条件。结果表明：1）除笻竹和方竹的种子外，大多数竹种的种子在低温储存5个月内，随着温度由10℃逐渐降低到-16℃，种子发芽率会有不同程度的增高；2）在-16℃条件下，随着储存时间的延长，种子发芽率会有所下降；3）种子含水量会在很大程度上影响种子的发芽率，含水量超过在一定临界值，随着含水量的增加，种子发芽率会显著下降；4）选择不同的种子发芽设施也会影响种子发芽率，生产中宜选用具有微喷灌条件的温室进行育苗；5）在无菌红土、黑土和蛭石这3种基质中，蛭石是竹子播种育苗的适宜基质。

A Study of Low Temperature Seeds Storage Conditions and Seedling Environment of 13 Species of Bamboos

To solve the problem of long-term bamboo seeds storage, we chose the mature seeds of 13 species of bamboo, including Dendrocalamus aspera, D. yunnanicus, D. sinicus, D. peculiaris, D. latiflorus, Bambusa longinternode, Fargesia yunnanensis, F. fungosa, Gigantochloa apus, Thysostachys siamensis, Qiongzhuea tumidinosa, Chimonobambusa quadrangular and Phyllostachys pubesens, as the experimental materials and studied the effects of different seed storage temperatures, different storage time at low temperature, different seed moisture content, different germinating facilities and seedling substrates on bamboo seed germination rate so as to tell the proper condition for seed storage. The results showed that:1) Except for Q. tumidinosa and Ch. quadrangular seeds, the seed germination rate of most bamboo species would be increased at various degrees with the temperature gradually decreasing from 10℃ to -16℃ at low temperature storage for 5 months; 2) under the seeds storage condition of -16℃, the seed germination rate would decrease with the prolongation of storage time; 3) seed moisture content would largely affect the germination rate of seeds, and when the moisture content exceeded a certain critical value, the germination rate would decrease significantly with the increase of seed moisture content; 4) the different seed germination facilities would also affect the seed germination rate, so it was appropriate to choose a greenhouse with micro sprinkler conditions in seedling practice; and 5) vermiculite was the suitable substrate for sowing and seedling in the 3 substrates of aseptic laterite, black soil and vermiculite.