鸡毒支原体敏感药物的筛选

用泰乐菌素、强力霉素、罗红霉素、红霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、庆大霉素、环丙沙星、双氟沙星、呋喃唑酮、呋喃他酮、泰妙菌素等药物对3株鸡毒支原体进行体外抑菌试验。结果证明，它们对鸡毒支原体均有抑菌作用，但以泰乐菌素、泰妙菌素、环丙沙星和双氟沙星抑菌效果最好，达到10^-8g／L。     

鸡毒支原体的分离鉴定和最低抑菌浓度测定

从山东、河北、北京和天津等不同地区分离、鉴定了4株鸡毒支原体，通过体外最低抑菌浓度测定发现泰妙菌素、泰乐菌素、百里霉索、罗红霉素、林可霉素／壮观霉素合剂、氧氟杀星、乳酸红霉素和盐酸林可霉素对该4个菌株的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)平均值分别是0．0062μg/ml、0．0171μg/ml、0．0682μg/ml、8．5248μg/ml、8．5248μg/ml、0．1024μg/ml、0．4550μg/ml和15．4944μg/ml，同时发现不同菌株之间的最低抑菌浓度有明显的差异。该试验结果表明鸡毒支原体容易对抗菌药物产生抗药性，目前临床预防或治疗鸡毒支原体感染可选用泰妙菌素、泰乐菌素、百里霉素和氧氟杀星等药物，而常规使用的红霉素和罗红霉素效果不佳。     

羊支原体性肺炎两标准株对抗菌药物敏感性的研究

本实验测定了环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、单诺沙星、红霉素、罗红霉素、泰勒菌素、泰妙菌素、四环素等8种药物对羊肺炎支原体两个标准株Y98和Y-goat的体外抑菌浓度以及红霉素与氧氟沙星、泰勒菌素对Y-goat和四环素与氧氟沙星、泰勒菌素对Y98的联合药敏作用。对羊肺炎支原体两个标准株对抗菌药物的敏感性进行了分析。     

恩诺沙星与其他抗菌药对鸡毒支原体的体外联合抑菌试验

采用2倍稀释法测定了恩诺沙星及其他8种抗菌药对鸡毒支原体BG44T株的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）,再以棋盘法测定恩诺沙星分别与其他8种抗菌药不同联合对鸡毒支原体BG44T株的敏感性。结果显示：恩诺沙星、替米考星、泰乐菌素、吉他霉素、林可霉素、沃尼妙林、泰妙菌素、氯霉素及氟苯尼考对鸡毒支原体BG44T株的MIC分别为0．063、0．004、0．016、0．063、16、〈0．004、0．008、8、8μg／mL。在8种不同联合用药对鸡毒支原体BG44T株的药敏试验中,恩诺沙星＋替米考星、恩诺沙星＋泰乐菌素、恩诺沙星＋吉他霉素、恩诺沙星＋林可霉素、恩诺沙星＋沃尼妙林、恩诺沙星＋泰妙菌素联合表现出相加作用,恩诺沙星＋氯霉素、恩诺沙星＋氟苯尼考表现出拮抗作用。     

泰乐菌素对鸡毒支原体在体内外的抑菌治疗试验

泰乐菌素对鸡毒支原体在体内外的抑菌治疗试验宁宜宝中国兽药监察所，北京１０００８１收稿日期：１９９６－０４－１１利用磷酸泰乐菌素和酒石酸泰乐菌素在试管中和鸡体内分别对鸡毒支原体进行了抑菌和治疗试验，结果表明：这两种药物在试管中都能有效地抑制鸡毒支原体的...     

猪肺炎支原体体外抗菌药物敏感性试验研究

为了解猪肺炎支原体对抗菌药物的敏感性,采用宏量肉汤稀释法对4株猪肺炎支原体的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）值进行了测定。结果表明,猪肺炎支原体对泰妙菌素和环丙沙星最为敏感,MIC≤0．03μg／mL,其次分别为四环素类药物（包括四环素和多西环素）、林可霉素和泰乐菌素,而对氟苯尼考的敏感性则较差。本研究可为猪支原体肺炎的防控以及抗菌药物的合理使用提供参考。     

奥福欣对鸡毒支原体的抑菌和治疗试验

奥福欣对鸡毒支原体的抑菌和治疗试验宁宜宝，高和义（中国兽药监察所１０００８１）利用奥福欣（氧氟沙星水溶液）对鸡毒支原体分别进行体外抑菌试验和体内鸡毒支原体病的治疗试验。体外试验结果表明：当饮水中药物浓度达到２５ｐｐｍ时，能较好地防止由于鸡毒支原体病引...     

耐氟喹诺酮类药物鸡毒支原体DNA回旋酶及拓扑异构酶Ⅳ的突变特征

采用二倍稀释法测定临床分离的4株鸡毒支原体对常用抗菌药物的敏感性,PCR方法和基因测序法对鸡毒支原体DNA回旋酶编码基因gyrA、gyrB及拓扑异构酶Ⅳ编码基因parC和parE耐药决定区进行分析。敏感性测定结果表明,4株分离鸡毒支原体对泰乐菌素、泰妙林、沃尼妙林和替米考星有很高的敏感性,对四环素和红霉素中度敏感,对林可霉素、氟苯尼考和氟喹诺酮类药物呈现不同程度的耐药性。4株耐氟喹诺酮类药物鸡毒支原体均在GyrA和ParC的喹诺酮类耐药决定区(QRDR)发生氨基酸的改变,GyrA的氨基酸取代模式有两种,分别为Ser81→Gly和Ser83→Ile,ParC仅在80位发生氨基酸取代(Ser80→Leu),GyrB和ParE均未发生氨基酸改变。     

一株鹌鹑源鸡毒支原体的分离鉴定

本研究从发病鹌鹑体内分离出1株支原体,通过菌落形态、pvpA基因的PCR扩增与测序分析,鉴定为鸡毒支原体。采用6种抗菌药物测其最小抑菌浓度(MIC),发现该分离株对泰妙菌素最敏感,MIC达0.00625μg/mL;其次为酒石酸泰乐菌素、盐酸强力霉素,对大观霉素、庆大霉素、卡那霉素的敏感性较差。     

酒石酸泰乐菌素的体外抗病原菌活性测定

本研究进行了国产酒石酸泰乐菌素在体外对几种常见病原自活性及最小抑菌浓度测定，并与进口酒石酸泰乐菌素进行对比。结果表明，国产酒石酸泰乐菌素对金黄色葡萄球菌，猪丹毒杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、致病性大肠杆菌、鸡白痢沙门氏菌、嗜水气单胞杆茵和鸡败血支原体的ＭＩＣ（μｇ／ｍｌ）分别是４．８９，９．７７，９７．６６，１５６２．５，３１２５和０．０５，其中对鸡败血支原体最好，与有关文献报道基本一致，同时与进口酒石酸泰乐菌素有相似的抗菌谱及抗菌效力。     

空间位阻对丁胺侧链取代截短侧耳素衍生物鸡毒支原体抑制活性的影响

为给截短侧耳素类动物专用抗生素的研发提供试验依据,本试验合成了4种含丁胺侧链的截短侧耳素衍生物,研究了取代基的空间位阻对4种截短侧耳素衍生物鸡毒支原体抑制活性的影响。试验结果表明,化合物1、2的最小抑菌浓度均为0.0125 μg/mL,化合物3的最小抑菌浓度为0.25 μg/mL,化合物4的最小抑菌浓度为0.5 μg/mL。     

Adaptation of the Sensititre broth microdilution technique to antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Mycoplasma gallisepticum.

A technique is described for determining the antimicrobial susceptibility of Mycoplasma gallisepticum, using the Sensititre broth microdilution system. Fourteen M. gallisepticum field isolates and one reference isolate (R-strain) were tested in duplicate against seven antimicrobials. Isolates were susceptible to oxytetracycline, furaltadone, and lincomycin/spectinomycin, but not to amoxycillin and apramycin. Susceptibility to erythromycin and tylosin varied. These data are in agreement with those reported by other workers using more traditional methods, but this adaptation of the broth microdilution technique eliminates any variation attributable to the time-consuming preparation of antimicrobial dilutions associated with these methods.     

Study on the Effect of the Rosemarinic Acid Combined with Antibacterial Agents on the Bacterial with Gene fosA3

This research was aimed to investigate the effect of rosemarinic acid combined with antibacterial agents against bacterial carrying gene fosA3 in vitro.Resistance gene types were determined by identification of bacteria isolated in clinics.Antibacterial activity and fungicidal activity of rosemarinic acid were tested by oxford cup method and spread-plate method.The minimal inhibiton concertration (MIC) of rosemarinic acid and antibacterial agents were tested through twice micro-dilution method,fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of rosemarinic acid combined with antibacterial agents were determined by microdilution checkerboard techniques.Escheriohia coli carrying multidrug resistance gene fosA3 was isolated.The MIC of rosemarinic acid was 640 μg/mL,when application of rosemarinic acid combined with ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin,coly-mycin,gatifloxacin,amikacin,ceftazidime,ceftiofur sodium,FICI≤0.5,showed an additive effect;With ceftriaxone sodium,norfloxacin,mequindox,0.5fosA3 Escheriohia coli.Antibacterial activities of antibacterial agents against the fosfomycin resistance gene fosA3 Escherichia coli were enhanced significantly by rosemarinic acid.     

迷迭香酸与抗菌药联合对含fosA3基因细菌抑菌效果的研究

试验旨在探讨迷迭香酸与抗菌药联合体外抗含fosA3耐药基因大肠杆菌的效果。本试验对临床分离的细菌进行鉴定,确定细菌所含耐药基因种类,用牛津杯法测定迷迭香酸的抑菌活性,平板涂布法测定迷迭香酸的杀菌活性,采用96孔反应板二倍微量稀释法分别检测迷迭香酸与抗菌药的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),再用微量棋盘稀释法测定迷迭香酸与抗菌药联合作用后的分级抑菌浓度指数(FICI)。结果显示,分离到含fosA3耐药基因大肠杆菌;迷迭香酸的MIC为640 μg/mL,迷迭香酸与环丙沙星、左旋氧氟沙星、黏杆菌素、加替沙星、阿米卡星、头孢他啶、头孢噻呋钠联合应用后其FICI≤0.5,有协同作用;与头孢曲松钠、诺氟沙星、痢菌净联合应用后0.5fosA3基因大肠杆菌有一定的抑菌活性和杀菌活性,其与部分抗菌药联合应用后,抗菌药体外抗菌活性显著增强。     

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Mycoplasma hyorhinis

A broth microdilution technique was used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of 15 field isolates of Mycoplasma hyorhinis to 10 antimicrobial agents, representative of different classes, and contrasting newer agents to existing ones. For the macrolides, the MIC(90) for tylosin and tilmicosin was 1 and 4 microg/ml, respectively, but was > or = 16 microg/ml for erythromycin. Tetracycline, lincomycin and enrofloxacin each had an MIC(90) of 2 microg/ml. The mycoplasma had similar levels of susceptibility to the aminoglycoside and aminocyclictol classes exhibiting an MIC(90) of 4 microg/ml for gentamicin and 2 microg/ml for spectinomycin. The isolates exhibited high MICs to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole with an MIC(90) > or = 16/304 microg/ml. In summary, M. hyorhinis isolates from the US had low MICs against a variety of antimicrobials tested, with the exception of erythromycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.     

鸡毒支原体不同地区分离株对常用抗菌药物的敏感性试验

从广东、四川和北京等地疑似鸡毒支原体感染鸡中分离并利用种特异性基因（fMG-2）PCR方法鉴定了51株鸡毒支原体,并测定了这些分离株对常用抗菌药物的敏感性。结果表明,三个地区临床分离鸡毒支原体对泰乐菌素仍然保持较好的敏感性,可作为鸡毒支原体感染的首选药物。三个地区的鸡毒支原体对林可霉素和庆大霉素敏感性显著下降,广东、四川两地分离株对强力霉素也有明显耐受性,部分广东分离株对氟喹诺酮类药物敏感性显著下降。     

抗菌药物联合应用对霉形体的药效学研究

本研究采用试管肉汤稀释法和棋盘法测定了１７种抗菌药物单独或几种药联合对鸡败血霉形体Ｓ＿６株（ＭＧＳ＿６）的最低抑菌和最低杀菌浓度．结果表明，ＭＧＳ＿６对北里霉素、四环素、红霉素、氟哌酸等高度敏感；四环素类与ＴＭＰ联合呈现协同作用。对实验性感染ＭＧＳ＿６的病鸡进行联合用药治疗试验，初步筛选出几个有良好治疗作用的联合用药配方。本研究是对联合应用抗菌药物治疗实验性鸡败血霉形体病进行的初步探讨，对防治本病具有一定的理论与实践意义。     

In vitro susceptibilities of field isolates of Mycoplasma agalactiae to oxytetracycline,tylosin, enrofloxacin,spiramycin and lincomycin-spectinomycin

The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of tetracycline, enrofloxacin, tylosin, spiramycin and a lincomycin:spectinomycin 1:2 combination, against 24 Sicilian isolates of Mycoplasma agalactiae, the causative organism of contagious agalactia were determined in vitro by a broth dilution method. Enrofloxacin was the most effective antimicrobial in vitro with a range of MIC values from 0.125 to 0.500 microg/ml and an MIC(50) of 0.203 and MIC(90) of 0.365 microg/ml. Using the MIC(50) and MIC(90) values the remaining four antimicrobials are ranked in order of in vitro effectiveness as follows: tylosin (MIC(50)0.292; MIC(90)0.525 microg/ml) was slightly more effective than tetracycline (MIC(50)0.296; MIC(90)0.533 microg/ml), followed by lincomycin:spectinomycin (MIC(50)0.521; MIC(90)0.938 microg/ml) and spiramycin (MIC(50)1.583; MIC(90)2.850 microg/ml). MIC values above 1.000 microg/ml were obtained using tetracycline, tylosin and spiramycin for some M. agalactiae isolates.