不同声音刺激对艾维茵肉鸡生产性能的影响

试验将声音的频率分为次声频率、低频率、中频率和高频率,声音响度分为65~75dB、75~85dB、85~95dB和95~105dB,声音种类选择轻音乐、古典音乐、重金属音乐和噪音,研究不同声音刺激对肉鸡生产性能的影响。实验结果表明:①高频率和低频率处理组肉鸡的采食量显著高于次声频率和中频率处理组(P<0.05),中频率处理组中肉鸡的肉料比显著高于其它进行声音刺激的各处理组(P<0.05);②75~85dB和95~105dB处理组肉鸡采食量显著高于其它各组(P<0.05),65~75dB处理组和对照组肉鸡采食量显著低于85~95dB处理组(P<0.05),65~75dB处理组肉鸡肉料比显著高于其它各组(P<0.05);85~95dB处理组肉鸡胫围增长幅度显著高于75~85dB处理组(P<0.05);③噪音处理组肉鸡平均日增重显著高于轻音乐和古典音乐处理组(P<0.05)。噪音处理组肉鸡采食量显著高于其它各组(P<0.05),重金属音乐处理肉鸡采食量显著高于轻音乐、古典音乐和对照组(P<0.05),古典音乐处理组肉鸡采食量显著高于轻音乐处理组(P<0.05)。对照组、轻音乐和噪音处理组肉鸡的肉料比显著高于古典音乐和重金属音乐处理组(P<0.05),重金属音乐处理组肉鸡肉料比显著高于古典音乐处理组(P<0.05);噪音处理组肉鸡胫长增长幅度显著高于古典音乐处理组(P<0.05)。对照组和噪音处理组肉鸡胫围增长幅度显著高于轻音乐、古典音乐和重金属音乐处理组(P<0.05)。     

中华蜜蜂城市饲养蜂箱数据记录和分析

为了深入了解城市饲养中华蜜蜂的生物学，借助蜜蜂智能监控设备，对某城市养殖的1箱中华蜜蜂实行24 h监控，并将获得的371 d、共1 8 891条记录，包括箱内温度、湿度、蜂箱重量、蜜蜂进出量、声音频率和声音强度，进行数据汇总分析。结果显示：蜜蜂的最大日出入量为135 432，最低为0，平均日出入量为20 459±1 334。蜜蜂每日9:00和1 5:00出现2个出勤峰值。蜂箱湿度最高为1 00%、最低28%，平均77.8%±1 2.2%；蜂箱内最高气温为40℃、最低气温为6.8℃，平均气温为（25.8±6.9）℃，蜂箱内的温度变化相对于外界温度变化幅度要窄，蜂箱内每日温度最高峰值在23:00左右；蜂箱净重在第5、8和11个月出现3个峰，蜂箱净重增减与气候、花源、蜜蜂的群势有直接的关系；声音最高值为483 dB，最低值为20 dB，平均值为（83.6±39） dB；频率的最高值为400 Hz，最低值为300 Hz，平均值为（347±29） Hz；日声音的最低值出现在4:00,2:00、1 4:00和23:00出现3个小峰值，日频率在1:00和23:00出现2个峰值。该数据的提供，为下一步...     

L-肉碱、纤维素酶和植酸酶组合效应对肉鸡营养物质表观代谢率和体沉积率的影响

试验旨在探究饲料中添加L-肉碱、纤维素酶和植酸酶组合效应对肉鸡营养利用率和体沉积率的影响。试验采用L9(34)正交试验设计,将270只1日龄AA肉鸡随机分为9组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只鸡,试验期7周。在玉米-豆粕日粮基础上添加L-肉碱(25、50、75 mg/kg)、纤维素酶(500、1 000、2000mg/kg)与植酸酶(150、250、350mg/kg)。结果表明：当3种饲料添加剂的组合为75mg/kg肉碱、1 000 mg/kg纤维素酶、150 mg/kg植酸酶时,能够提高肉鸡粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、钙(Ca)和磷(P)的代谢率,其中植酸酶是影响CP和P代谢率的主效因子,L-肉碱是影响EE和Ca代谢率的主效因子;当3种饲料添加剂的组合为25 mg/kg L-肉碱、500 mg/kg纤维素酶、250 mg/kg植酸酶时,可提高机体CP沉积率,植酸酶是影响机体CP沉积的主效因子;当组合为50 mg/kg L-肉碱、1 000 mg/kg纤维素酶、350 mg/kg植酸酶时,能够改善机体EE沉积率,纤维素酶是影响机体EE沉积的主效因子。由此可见,在本试验条件下,肉鸡日...     

小麦-豆粕型饲粮添加复合酶制剂对肉鸡生长和屠宰性能及血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究在小麦-豆粕型饲粮中添加不同水平复合酶制剂(含木聚糖酶8.5×105、纤维素酶7.5×105、β-葡聚糖酶5万和植酸酶2 000 U/kg)对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响。试验选用840只1日龄AA肉鸡,随机分为7组,每组6个重复,每重复20只鸡。对照组Ⅰ饲喂玉米-豆粕型饲粮,对照组Ⅱ饲喂小麦-豆粕型饲粮,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组、试验Ⅳ组和试验Ⅴ组在小麦-豆粕型饲粮中分别添加1 000、1 500、2 000、2 500和3 000 mg/kg复合酶制剂。试验结果表明:1~21和22~42 d,各组间平均日采食量均差异不显著(P0.05);1~21 d,复合酶制剂的添加水平达1 500~2 500 mg/kg可显著提高肉鸡日增质量(P0.05),2 000~3 000 mg/kg添加量可显著降低肉鸡料重比(P0.05);22~42 d,1 000~3 000 mg/kg添加量可显著提高肉鸡日增质量(P0.05),1 500和2 000 mg/kg组效果最显著(P0.05),添加水平达1 500~3 000 mg/kg可显著降低肉鸡料重比(P0.05)。不同水平复合酶制剂对肉鸡屠宰性能无显著影响(P0.05)。不同水平复合酶制剂对血清生化指标有不同程度影响,对肉鸡血清钙、总胆固醇、总蛋白和尿素氮含量无显著影响(P0.05);但可提高血清磷含量,21 d时2 000~3 000 mg/kg的添加量效果显著(P0.05),42 d时2 000和2 500 mg/kg添加量效果显著(P0.05),均以2 500 mg/kg添加量血清磷水平最高;可降低血清碱性磷酸酶活性,21和42 d时,均以2 000~3 000 mg/kg的添加量效果显著(P0.05或0.01),以2 500 mg/kg添加量血清碱性磷酸酶活性最低;可提高血清三酰甘油水平,21 d时2 500 mg/kg添加量效果显著(P0.05);可提高血糖含量,21和42日龄时均以2 000~3 000 mg/kg的添加量效果显著(P0.05)。     

种鸡及肉鸡饲粮维生素组合对青脚麻肉鸡生产性能、抗氧化性能和屠宰性能的影响

试验采用2×3因子试验设计,研究两种母源维生素组合（组合A和B）与三种肉鸡饲粮维生素组合（组合Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ）对后代肉鸡生产性能、血液抗氧化指标、屠宰性能及胴体组成的影响。试验设6个处理,每个处理6个重复、每个重复16只肉鸡,公母各半,试验期70 d。结果表明：①生产性能：种鸡饲粮添加维生素组合A的肉鸡在50~70 d及0~70 d的AFI比组合B分别提高4.24%（P<0.01）和2.40%（P<0.05）,而F/G则提高了5.08%（P<0.01）和1.52%（P=0.065）;肉鸡饲粮添加维生素组合Ⅲ的肉鸡50~70 d及0~70 d的BWG比组合Ⅰ提高了6.28%（P<0.05）和3.16%（P<0.05）,50~70 d的AFI比组合Ⅰ提高了5.11%（P<0.01）;种鸡和肉鸡饲粮维生素组合对肉鸡50~70 d及0~70 d的BWG有交互影响,而对F/G的交互影响只在50~70 d阶段。0~70 d的BWG和AFI最佳组为A+Ⅲ组（即：母源添加组合A而肉鸡添加组合Ⅲ）,而F/G最佳组为B+Ⅲ组。②屠宰性能和胴体组成：种鸡和肉鸡饲粮维生素组合均不影响公鸡屠宰性能和胴体组成;母源A组母鸡屠宰率比B组显著提高了1.37%（P<0.05）;肉鸡饲粮维生素组合Ⅱ全净膛率分别比组合Ⅰ和Ⅲ显著提高了3.75%和3.51%（P<0.05）,而腹脂率比组合Ⅰ降低25.29%（P=0.052）;母鸡最佳全净膛率和最低腹脂率组为A+Ⅱ组,最高翅膀率为B+Ⅲ组。③血清抗氧化指标：母源维生素组合对肉鸡70 d血清GSH-Px和SOD活性及MDA的水平没有显著影响,肉鸡饲粮维生素组合Ⅲ的公鸡血清GSH-Px活性比组合Ⅰ提高了31.11%（P<0.05）,MDA水平则降低了40.06%（P<0.05）;公鸡血清GSH-Px活性最高组为A+Ⅲ组,而最低MDA组为B+Ⅲ组。母鸡血清GSH-Px活性受母体和肉鸡饲粮维生素水平的交互影响,活性最高组为A+Ⅲ组。结论：种鸡饲粮添加维生素组合A而后代肉鸡添加组合Ⅲ的青脚麻肉鸡有较优的生产性能和抗氧化性能。     

不同品种肉鸡体尺性状发育规律比较分析

研究旨在分析不同品种肉鸡商品代体尺性状生长发育规律,研究肉鸡在整个生产周期的体尺发育动态变化,以期为肉鸡精细化饲养管理提供指导。试验以WOD168、WOD178、WOD188和爱拔益加AA四个肉鸡品种为研究素材,分析其生长发育规律,比较不同品种肉鸡体尺性状间的差异。结果表明:四个品种中,WOD188和AA体尺性状变化规律基本趋于一致。四个品种的胸宽、髋骨宽和胫围在1～7周龄,均保持持续增长的趋势。AA的胸宽和胫围在2周龄时生长强度最大,相对生长系数分别为38.71%和36.36%,WOD188的髋骨宽在2周龄时生长系数为32.89%,在四个品种中生长强度最大。四个品种的龙骨长和体斜长在1～6周龄保持不断增长的趋势,6周龄后,均出现一定的下滑。WOD188的龙骨长和AA胫长分别在3和2周龄生长强度最大,相对生长系数分别为30.34%和33.30%。7周龄时,WOD188和AA的体斜长、胸宽、髋骨宽和胫围均极显著高于WOD178和WOD168(P0.01),且WOD178和WOD168之间差异也达到极显著水平(P0.01);WOD188和AA龙骨长和胫长均显著高于WOD168(P0.05)。研究表明:体斜长、龙骨长、胸宽、髋骨宽、胫长和胫围生长强度最大的品种和周龄分别为WOD188(6周龄)、WOD188(3周龄)、AA(2周龄)、WOD188(2周龄)、AA(2周龄)、AA(2周龄),WOD168的体尺性状各个指标低于其他三个品种。     

维生素A对肉鸡生长性能、免疫及抗氧化功能的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平维生素A对肉鸡生长性能、免疫及抗氧化功能的影响。采用单因子完全随机试验设计,选用1日龄健康爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡240只(公母各占1/2),随机分为5个组(在玉米-豆粕型饲粮中分别添加3 000、6 000、15 000、30 000和45 000 IU/kg维生素A),每个组6个重复,每个重复8只鸡,试验期42 d。结果表明:1)饲粮中添加不同水平维生素A对22~42日龄肉鸡的平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)及1~42日龄肉鸡的ADFI均有显著影响(P<0.05),对22~42日龄肉鸡的料重比(F/G)的影响有显著的趋势(0.05≤P<0.10),且22~42日龄和1~42日龄肉鸡的ADFI以及1~42日龄肉鸡的F/G随饲粮维生素A添加水平的增加均呈线性升高(P<0.05或0.05≤P<0.10),3 000 IU/kg组肉鸡增重效果较差,6 000和15 000 IU/kg组肉鸡增重高且F/G低,30 000和45 000 IU/kg组肉鸡ADFI较高、F/G不同程度升高。2)饲粮添加不同水平维生素A对21日龄血清白细胞介素-1(IL-1)和42日龄血清IL-1、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量有显著影响(P<0.05),对42日龄血清白细胞介素-2(IL-2)含量的影响有显著的趋势(0.05≤P<0.10),其中3 000、6 000和45 000 IU/kg组血清免疫因子含量较低,15 000 IU/kg组较高。3)饲粮添加不同水平维生素A对21日龄血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和42日龄血清GSH-Px、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性有显著影响(P<0.05),且21日龄血清丙二醛(M DA)含量随饲粮维生素A添加水平的增加呈线性升高趋势(0.05≤P<0.10),42日龄血清MDA含量、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性随饲粮维生素A添加水平的增加分别呈显著的一次线性和二次曲线升高(P<0.05),其中45 000 IU/kg组血清MDA含量较高且T-SOD活性较低。综上,本试验条件下添加6 000和15 000 IU/kg的维生素A可使肉鸡获得较好的生长性能,且15 000 IU/kg维生素A可满足肉鸡免疫和抗氧化需要,而添加水平增至30 000和45 000 IU/kg时肉鸡生长性能和免疫抗氧化机能均有降低趋势。     

不同青胫黄麻羽肉鸡杂交配套组合研究

试验以S_1系(青胫快大黄麻羽)为父本,A系(青胫中速黄麻羽)、D系(青胫矮脚黄麻羽)、E系(青胫羽色偏红)、G系(固始鸡,青胫,慢速型)为母本,配套组成S_1♂×A♀(S_1A)、S_1♂×D♀(S_1D)、S_1♂×E♀(S_1E)、S_1♂×G♀(S_1G)四个配套组合,筛选最佳母本配套品系。每个配套组合随机选取公、母鸡各100只,在相同环境下饲养至14周龄屠宰,测定各配套组合体型外貌、生产性能、胴体性状及肉品质等。结果表明:四个配套组合的公、母鸡基本符合青胫黄羽肉鸡外貌特征的要求。S_1D体重较大,料重比最小,综合评价最优,生产性能较好;S_1D、S_1E的屠宰性能较好;S_1D、S_1G的肉品质较优。综合可知,以S_1系为父本D系为最佳配套母本,该配套组合在一定程度上能够满足消费者对外貌和生长性能的要求,适宜于目标市场。     

肉鸡小麦-豆粕型饲粮中4种单酶复配的体外消化筛选试验

本试验旨在研究用于肉鸡小麦-豆粕型饲粮的木聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶、纤维素酶、植酸酶复配的最佳酶谱组合。试验首先采用单因素完全随机试验设计,将木聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶、纤维素酶、植酸酶分别设定6个水平添加到肉鸡小麦-豆粕型饲粮中,采用模拟胃肠液体外消化试验,研究单酶的最佳剂量;然后根据各单酶最佳添加量,将4种单酶分别设定3个水平:木聚糖酶(750、800、850 U/g),β-葡聚糖酶(50、100、150 U/g),纤维素酶(700、750、800 U/g),植酸酶(1 000、1 500、2 000 U/kg),采用4因子3水平L9(34)正交设计,设置9种组合方式,以净还原糖生成量、植酸磷降解率、饲粮残渣总能为检测指标,确定4种单酶复配的最佳酶谱组合。结果表明:肉鸡小麦-豆粕型饲粮中木聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶、纤维素酶和植酸酶的最佳添加量,0~3周龄分别为800、130、770、1 360 U/kg;4~6周龄分别为800、130、790、1 470 U/kg;4种单酶组合的最佳酶谱均为木聚糖酶850 U/g、纤维素酶750 U/g、β-葡聚糖酶50 U/g、植酸酶2 000 U/kg。     

日粮中高剂量植酸酶对肉鸡生长性能、骨骼矿化和钙磷沉积的影响

试验旨在研究含25-羟基维生素D3(25-OH-D3)低磷日粮中添加高剂量植酸酶对1~42日龄肉鸡生长性能、骨骼矿化和钙磷沉积率的影响。将250只1日龄肉鸡公雏随机分成5个处理,每个处理5个重复,每重复10只。1个对照组:非植酸磷(NPP)含量为0.45%/0.35%;4个试验组按照2×2因子设计试验:2个NPP含量(1~21日龄,NPP含量分别为0.35%和0.25%;22~42日龄,NPP含量分别为0.25%和0.15%),植酸酶2个添加水平为1 000 IU/kg和10 000 IU/kg。结果显示:(1)与日粮中NPP含量0.35%/0.25%相比,NPP含量为0.25%/0.15%时,42日龄肉鸡体增重、血浆无机磷浓度、股骨和胫骨灰分重量、钙含量以及跖骨直径和磷含量显著降低(P<0.05),31~34日龄肉鸡钙沉积率和11~14日龄肉鸡磷沉积率显著提高(P<0.05)。(2)与日粮中植酸酶添加1 000 IU/kg相比,植酸酶添加10 000 IU/kg时,42日龄肉鸡体增重、采食量、血浆无机磷浓度、股骨重量和灰分重量、胫骨和跖骨长度显著提高(P<0.05),11~14日龄肉鸡钙磷沉积率显著提高(P<0.05)。(3)与日粮中NPP含量0.45%/0.35%相比,日粮中0.35%/0.25%NPP+1 000 IU/kg植酸酶或0.25%/0.15%NPP+10 000 IU/kg植酸酶时,肉鸡生长性能和骨骼矿化(除跖骨磷含量外)未受到显著影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,1~42日龄肉鸡日粮中NPP含量为0.35%/0.25%时,植酸酶适宜添加量为1 000 IU/kg;NPP含量为0.25%/0.15%时,植酸酶适宜添加量为10 000 IU/kg。     

Sound signature for identification and quantification of upper airway disease in horses

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether upper airway sounds of horses exercising with laryngeal hemiplegia and alar fold paralysis have distinct sound characteristics, compared with unaffected horses. ANIMALS: 6 mature horses. PROCEDURE: Upper airway sounds were recorded in horses exercising on a high-speed treadmill at maximum heart rate (HR(MAX)) under 3 treatment conditions (ie, normal upper airway function [control condition], and after induction of left laryngeal hemiplegia or bilateral alar fold paralysis) in a randomized crossover design. Fundamental frequency, spectrograms using Gabor transform, and intensity characteristics of acquired sounds (peak sound level [sound(peak] and highest frequency of at least -25 dB sound intensity [F(25max)]) were evaluated. RESULTS: Evaluation of the fundamental frequency of the time domain signal was not useful. Sensitivity and specificity (83 and 75%, respectively) of spectrograms were greatest at maximal exercise, but the exact abnormal condition was identified in evaluation of only 12 of 18 spectrograms. Increased accuracy was obtained using sound(peak) and F(25max) as discriminating variables. The use of sound(peak) discriminated between control and laryngeal hemiplegia conditions and F(25max) between laryngeal hemiplegia and alar fold paralysis conditions. This increased the specificity of sound analysis to 92% (sensitivity 83%) and accurately classified the abnormal state in 92% of affected horses. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Sound analysis might be a useful adjunct to the diagnosis and evaluation of treatment of horses with upper airway obstruction, but would appear to require close attention to exercise intensity. Multiple measurements of recorded sounds might be needed to obtain sufficient accuracy for clinical use.     

草原土壤重金属含量空间变异与污染评价——以大庆市及周边地区为例

重金属是危害草原生态健康的主要污染物之一,迄今有关大庆市及周边地区草原土壤重金属含量、空间变异和污染程度的研究鲜见报道。本文通过野外调查采样,应用地统计学,结合经典重金属污染评价方法,分析了大庆市及周边地区草原土壤Cd,Cr,Pb,Cu,Zn,Ni,Hg及As含量的空间变异与污染程度,结果表明:研究区8种重金属含量具有中等空间异质性,变异系数在28.3%~58.5%。8种重金属元素可以用指数模型、高斯模型和球状模型拟合,Cd,Cr,Pb,Cu,Zn,Ni和As的块金值/基台值[C₀/(C₀+C)]在25%~75%,其空间变异由结构性变异(母质、地形等)和非结构性因素(人类活动)共同引起,Hg的[C₀/(C₀+C)]>75%,即非结构性因素对其的影响大。土壤重金属含量呈斑块状、条带状、点状和环岛状分布特征。研究区8种重金属的超背景值率较高,表现为累积的特征。As和Ni的分别有23.7%和1.7%的采样点重金属含量超过《国家土壤环境质量标准》(GB15618-1995)2级标准限值。地积累指数评价表明,As存在轻度污染风险,其他重金属无单因子污染风险。潜在生态风险评价表明,8种重金属元素均不存在潜在生态风险。大庆市及周边地区草原土壤重金属呈现空间中等强度变异,个别重金属元素存在超标现象,土壤质量整体良好。     

Effects of music stimulus on behavior response,cortisol level,and horizontal immunity of growing pigs

An enriched environment is widely used to improve domestic animals’ welfare and promote their natural behaviors. Music can reduce abnormal behavior in humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents. However, little is known about the effects of music on pigs. This study aims to explore the effects of repeated music stimulation on the behavior, physiology, and immunity of growing pigs. A total of 72 hybrid piglets (Large White × Duroc × Minpig) were randomly divided into three groups, including music (Mozart K.448, 60 to 70 dB), noise (recorded mechanical noise, 80 to 85 dB), and control (natural background sound, <40 dB), and 6 h sound stimulation was given per day (1000 to 1600 hours) from 40 to 100 d of age. The behavioral activities of the pigs were observed during the music stimulation, and their serum cortisol, salivary cortisol, and serum immune indices were also measured. Compared with the control group, the music group and noise group increased activity but decreased lying of pigs (P < 0.05). A significant increase in tail-wagging, playing, and exploring behaviors of pigs was found in the music group (P < 0.05), and the noise significantly increased the aggressive behavior of the pigs (P < 0.05). Tail-wagging, playing, exploring, manipulating, and aggressive behaviors decreased over time. Short-term (8 d) music stimulus had a lower cortisol level than that of the noise and control groups (P < 0.05), whereas long-term (60 d) music stimulus increased immunoglobulin G (IgG), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels (P < 0.05) and decreased interleukin-4 (IL-4) level (P < 0.05). Long-term noise stimulus significantly reduced the level of IgG (P < 0.05) but did not affect the level of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ levels (P > 0.05). In conclusion, short-term music stimulus (8 d) reduced the stress response, whereas long-term music stimulus (60 d) enhanced the immune responses. In addition, the noise increased the aggressive behavior, and long-term noise reduced the immunity of the growing pigs.     

实验动物饲料化学污染物含量连续监测结果

实验旨在监测实验动物饲料中化学污染物的含量。按照国标对鼠饲料、豚鼠饲料、家兔饲料和犬饲料中砷、铅、镉、汞、六六六、滴滴涕、黄曲霉毒素B1等化学污染物含量连续3年进行监测。结果表明:4种实验动物饲料一些重金属含量超国标,而六六六、滴滴涕和黄曲霉毒素B1含量均未超国标,3年中4种实验动物化学污染物超标发生率分别为14.29%、19.05%、19.05%和9.52%;4种重金属超标发生率镉=汞>砷>铅;豚鼠饲料和家兔饲料最易受重金属污染,然后依次为鼠饲料、犬饲料;不同年份,实验动物饲料化学污染物超标情况不一致。结果提示,实验动物饲料中重金属含量易超国标。     

Sound signature for identification of tracheal collapse and laryngeal paralysis in dogs

The aims of this study were to investigate whether upper airway sounds of dogs with laryngeal paralysis and tracheal collapse have distinct sound characteristics, compared with unaffected dogs. The sounds of 5 dogs with laryngeal paralysis and 5 dogs with tracheal collapse were recorded. Honking sound appeared as predominant clinical signs in dogs with tracheal collapse. Laryngeal stridors appeared as predominant clinical signs in dogs with experimentally produced laryngeal paralysis by resection of laryngeal nerve, in which two types of stridor, I and II, were recorded. All these sounds were analyzed using sound spectrogam analysis. There were significant differences in duration (sec), intensity (dB), pitch (Hz), first formant (Hz), second formant (Hz), third formant (Hz), fourth formant (Hz) of sounds between the normal bark and two types of stridor or honking sound, indicating that the sound analysis might be a useful diagnostic modality for dogs with tracheal collapse and laryngeal paralysis.     

Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in Japanese Black and Holstein cattle

This study was performed to examine normal brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) data for adult Japanese Black cattle and to evaluate whether differences exist in the peak latencies, interpeak latencies (IPL) and waveforms of BAEP between Japanese Black and Holstein cattle. The peaks were detected as major waves I, II, III and V in each group. The threshold of the BAEP waves in the Holstein cattle was 65-75 dB nHL, but the threshold in the Japanese Black cattle was 75-85 dB nHL. The I-III and I-V IPLs were significantly shorter in the Japanese Black compared with the Holstein cattle at an intensity of 105 dB nHL. The present findings suggest that the IPL and wave threshold of BAEP are influenced by bovine breed.     

A study of the first heart sound spectra in normal anesthetized cats: possible origins and chest wall influences.

Heart sound recordings were taken from cats. The heart sounds were recorded directly from the chest wall and through an esophageal tube. The phono transducer and the esophageal tube were both placed over the base of the heart. Ultrasound M-mode, or motion-mode, recordings were taken to study the mitral valve dynamics. After analogue to digital conversion, electrocardiogram gated first heart sounds of each phono record were analyzed by the fast Fourier transform to obtain a frequency spectrum. Relative energies in 15 Hz bandwidths up to 150 Hz were correlated with the mitral valve closing velocity of the anterior mitral leaflet, obtained from the M-mode echocardiograms. The closing velocity correlated best with the energy in the 30-45 Hz bandwidth and 60-75 Hz bandwidth for the externally and internally monitored phonocardiogram respectively. The chest wall acted as a low pass filter, that is, the wall favoured the transmission of low frequencies and the energy transmitted decreased as wall thickness increased.     

Heavy Metals Residues in Soil,Feed and Beef of the Cattle Industry in Yili area of Xinjiang

In order to understand the situation of heavy metal residues of the beef industry chain in Yili area of Xinjiang.The heavy metals (Pb, As, Hg, Cr and Cd) in soil, feed and beef of the cattle farm were determined using the atomic absorption spectrometry.The results showed that the heavy metal (Pb, As, Hg, Cr and Cd)contents in soil samples were 0.03-0.20, 3.87-8.30, 0.15-0.23, 0.09-0.48 and 0.41-0.86 mg/kg, respectively.The heavy metal (Pb, As, Hg, Cr and Cd) contents in feed samples were 3.01-18.09, 75.35-94.27, 19.65-24.37, 0.06-1.04 and 1.81-8.46 μg/kg, respectively.The heavy metal (Pb, As, Hg, Cr and Cd) contents in beef samples were 0.23-0.54, 1.22-7.12, 0.28-0.53, 0.01-0.27 and 0.02-0.03 μg/kg, respectively.The correlation coefficient of the heavy metal element between soil and feed, feed and beef, soil and beef were 0.96, 0.99 and 0.98, respectively.It was concluded that the heavy metal (Pb, As, Hg, Cr and Cd) contents in soil, feed and beef of the cattle farms in Yili area did not exceed the standard and that in the soil, feed and beef had the high correlations.     

伊犁地区肉牛产业链中土壤、饲料及牛肉中重金属残留分析

为了解新疆伊犁地区肉牛产业链中重金素元素的残留情况,本研究采用原子吸收法对新疆伊犁地区肉牛养殖场的土壤、饲料及屠宰场的牛肉进行重金属砷、铅、汞、铬、镉的检测。结果表明土壤样品中重金属铅、砷、汞、铬、镉元素含量分别为0.03~0.20、3.87~8.30、0.15~0.23、0.09~0.48和0.41~0.86 mg/kg。饲料样品中铅、砷、汞、铬、镉元素含量分别为3.01~18.09、75.35~94.27、19.65~24.37、0.06~1.04和1.81~8.46 μg/kg。牛肉中铅、砷、汞、铬、镉元素含量分别为0.23~0.54、1.22~7.12、0.28~0.53、0.01~0.27及0.02~0.03 μg/kg。土壤和饲料、饲料和牛肉、土壤和牛肉中重金素含量的相关系数分别是0.96、0.99、0.98。综上所述,伊犁地区肉牛养殖场的土壤和饲料,屠宰场的牛肉中重金素铅、砷、汞、铬、镉元素的含量均没有超标,三者中重金属含量具有较高的相关性。