替米考星饮水剂治疗肉仔鸡人工感染禽巴氏杆菌病的疗效试验

将替米考星以高、中、低(300、200、100mg/L)3个剂量和泰乐菌素以500mg/L饮水给药5d,治疗仔鸡人工感染禽巴氏杆菌病,结果表明,2种药物对治疗该病均有一定的效果,替米考星3个剂量组和泰乐菌素组的有效率均极显著高于感染对照组(P<0.01)。替米考星3个剂量组的有效率均极显著高于泰乐菌素组(P<0.01)。替米考星高、中剂量组有效率极显著高于低剂量组(P<0.01)。而替米考星高、中剂量组间的死亡率、有效率均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。     

替米考星预混剂对仔猪增重及预防人工感染传染性胸膜肺炎的效果观察

试验将替米考星以高、中、低(400 mg/kg、200 mg/kg1、00 mg/kg饲料)三个剂量和土霉素以600 mg/kg拌入饲料中饲喂仔猪15 d,称重结果,替米考星高、中、低三个剂量组及土霉素组与对照组相比均有明显的增重效果(P<0.01),尤其是替米考星高剂量组的增重效果显著高于替米考星中、低剂量组及土霉素组(P<0.01),增重效果与替米考星在饲料中的添加剂量成正比。人工感染试验结果:替米考星及土霉素拌料给药对预防猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌病均有明显的效果,可降低发病率和死亡率,提高成活率,减少病理损害,降低人工感染对增重的影响,尤其以替米考星高、中剂量组预防效果最佳,效果明显优于土霉素组(P<0.01)。用于预防感染,临床推荐剂量为200mg/kg饲料拌料,连续饲喂15 d左右。     

替米考星溶液对肉仔鸡人工感染鸡败血霉形体所致慢性呼吸道病的疗效试验

肉仔鸡人工感染霉形体S6株后,用替米考星溶液(以替米考星计)50mg/L、100mg/L、200mg/L进行饮水治疗,同时设酒石酸泰乐菌素可溶性粉饮水对照组,于感染后第2天起连续用药5d。试验结果表明替米考星溶液100mg/L、200mg/L剂量组效果优于替米考星溶液50mg/L和酒石酸泰乐菌素可溶性粉500mg/L组,替米考星溶液治疗慢性呼吸道病的推荐应用剂量为100mg/L。     

磷酸替米考星可溶性粉对人工感染鸡毒支原体的临床疗效试验

为研究测定磷酸替米考星可溶性粉对鸡慢性呼吸道病的治疗效果,试验设计三个剂量组进行饮水给药治疗人工感染鸡毒支原体（MGs6）实验鸡,对照药物为替米考星可溶性粉。试验结果表明,磷酸替米考星可溶性粉高（1g／L）、中（0．75g／L）剂量组以及对照药物均能显著降低发病死亡率、减少气囊病变率,并提高相对增重率（P〈0．05）。据此,推荐最佳临床治疗用法为：剂量0．75g／L,连续饮水给药3d。     

替米考星(Tilmicosin)对鸡败血霉形体感染的药效学

以试管二倍稀释法测定替米考星 (Tilmicosin)及对照药物强力霉素、红霉素、泰乐菌素对鸡败血霉形体的最小抑菌浓度分别为 0 .0 0 6 2 5、0 .0 2 5、0 .0 2 5、0 .1m g/ L ,进行了替米考星对鸡败血霉形体的体内药效学研究。结果 ,替米考星以 5 0、75、10 0 mg/ L 饮水给药 5 d,对实验性感染鸡败血霉形体有显著疗效 ,用药组增重均显著高于对照组 (P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1) ,并能明显减少抗体阳性反应率 ,极显著地减少气囊损伤记分 (P<0 .0 1)     

磷酸替米考星对肺炎支原体自然感染猪的治疗试验

为了评价磷酸替米考星对仔猪自然感染肺炎支原体的治疗效果,选取支原体肺炎患猪,10%磷酸替米考星可溶性粉混饮给药,每日1次,连用7 d,通过检测各组受试猪死亡率、治愈率、有效率、增重效果、感染仔猪的肺部病变评分等指标对受试药物的临床治疗效果进行研究。结果显示:10%磷酸替米考星可溶性粉80 mg/L剂量组治愈率最佳,与其他2个药物治疗组相比差异显著(P0.05);药物治疗有效率10%磷酸替米考星可溶性粉80 mg/L剂量组最高,但3个药物治疗组之间差异不显著(P0.05);10%磷酸替米考星可溶性粉60~80 mg/L能有效改善猪群相对增重率(P0.05),但仍显著低于健康猪群(P0.05);10%磷酸替米考星可溶性粉60~80 mg/L剂量组、10%替米考星可溶性粉组均可明显降低病猪肺脏病变评分(P0.05)。结果表明:60~80 mg/L剂量的10%磷酸替米考星可溶性粉饮水治疗猪自然感染肺炎支原体的效果显著,且治疗效果与10%替米考星可溶性粉相当。     

替米考星纳米乳对人工感染鸡毒支原体病的治疗效果研究

为了解替米考星纳米乳对鸡毒支原体病的治疗效果,采用替米考星纳米乳(以替米考星计)高(100 mg/L)、中(75 mg/L)、低(50 mg/L)剂量饮水治疗人工感染鸡毒支原体S6菌株的肉仔鸡,同时设替米考星溶液(100 mL∶10 g)高、中、低剂量组和阳性、阴性对照组,连续给药5 d。结果表明,替米考星纳米乳各剂量组对鸡毒支原体病的治疗效果均优于替米考星溶液相应剂量组;替米考星纳米乳高、中剂量组的适口性优于替米考星溶液。研究为替米考星纳米乳在兽医临床上的应用提供理论依据。     

替米考星预混剂对猪传染性胸膜肺炎的疗效试验

2月龄猪试验感染胸膜肺炎放线杆菌血清2型菌株,于感染后第3天起用不同剂量替米考星预混剂和泰乐菌素预混剂混饲治疗。结果表明,替米考星100mg/kg和泰乐菌素500mg/kg虽然均可显著(P<0.05)减轻胸膜肺炎放线杆菌感染猪的临床症状和肺组织损伤,但替米考星200mg/kg和400mg/kg治疗组只有个别猪出现轻微的临床症状和肺组织损伤,认为替米考星预混剂200~400mg/kg混饲可有效治疗猪传染性胸膜肺炎。     

替米考星注射剂治疗人工感染猪传染性胸膜肺炎的效果观察

摘要：本试验将替米考星注射剂以高、中、低（15mg/kg、 10mg/kg、5mg/kg体重）三个剂量, 1次/d和头孢唑林钠以25mg/kg体重, 2次/d,皮下注射治疗猪传染性胸膜肺炎,均连用3d,停药。结果表明,替米考星注射剂三个剂量组和头孢唑林钠对照组对猪传染性胸膜肺炎均有明显的治疗效果,成活率可达70%-100%,极显著的高于感染对照组（P<0.01）。尤其是替米考星低剂量组成活率显著高于替米考星高、中剂量组及头孢唑林钠组 (P<0.01)。增重效果统计结果表明,替米考星高、中、低三个剂量组与药物对照组及健康对照组之间增重效果无明显差异 (P>0.05)。本试验表明,替米考星能减少人工感染引起的临床症状、降低死亡率和提高日增重。作为注射剂治疗急性猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌感染,以剂量（5mg/kg体重）为佳。 关键词：替米考星,头孢唑林钠,仔猪,胸膜肺炎放线杆菌     

替米考星饮水剂治疗人工感染禽巴氏杆菌试验

替米考星是泰乐菌素的合成衍生物，具有其类似的分子结构和抗菌谱，但对某些病原菌的抗菌活性比泰乐菌素更高，如鸡支原体，巴氏杆菌等。替米考星由于具有非常高的抗菌活性，在鸡上作为饮水剂预防和治疗呼吸道感染疾病，具有使用剂量比泰乐菌素低得多的优势。近年来国内多家药厂已开始研制并生产出替米考星，     

Effects of increasing zinc supplementation in drinking water on growth and thyroid gland function and histology in broiler chicks

The aim of the study was to examine the effects of increasing zinc supplementation on growth, feed efficiency and thyroid function and histology in broiler chicks. Sixty new born male broiler chicks were randomly allotted into one of four treatment groups and fed for 60 d. Zinc (Zn) was added into drinking water at the levels of 0, 125, 500, and 1000 mg Zn/L. Body weight gain were significantly higher and feed efficiency were significantly lower in chicks supplemented with 125 mg Zn/L compared with chicks supplemented with 500 or 1000 mg Zn/L at the end of the experiment. Serum Zn concentration linearly increased with the increasing level of Zn intake. Serum triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels and the diameters of follicles of thyroid gland were significantly reduced with high levels (500 and 1000 mg Zn/L) of Zn intake at the end of the experiment. It was concluded that chick receiving 1000 mg Zn/L as ZnSO4.7H2O in drinking water showed signs of Zn toxicity.     

替米考星对畜禽常见病原菌体外抑菌活性的研究

采用试管2倍稀释法对国产替米考星与头孢唑林钠进行了畜禽常见的18种病原菌体外抑菌活性比较试验.结果表明,替米考星对革兰氏阳性茵及某些阴性茵、鸡败血支原体等均有良好的抑制作用,对部分病原茵如对李氏杆菌、禽巴氏杆茵、猪丹毒杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌、支气管炎博德特氏茵、猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、副溶血嗜血杆菌、鸡败血支原体等高度敏感,表现为具有比头孢唑林钠更强的抑菌活性,但对部分肠道致病菌如大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、沙门氏茵等表现为中敏或抗药,抑茵效果与头孢唑林钠相当或较差.     

替米考星与泰乐菌素对畜禽常见病原菌抑菌作用比较

采用试管2倍稀释法对国产替米考星与泰乐菌素进行了畜禽常见的20种病原菌体外抑菌活性比较试验。结果表明,替米考星和泰乐菌素具有类似的抗菌谱,二者对革兰氏阳性菌均有良好的抑制作用。对革兰氏阴性菌二者除对禽多杀性巴氏杆菌、红斑丹毒丝菌、胸膜肺炎放线杆菌和鸡毒支原体均有较强的抑菌效果外,对其他菌则表现为抑菌效果较弱或抗药性。替米考星对部分病原菌如鸡白痢沙门菌、鼠伤寒沙门菌、肺炎克雷伯菌抑菌效果明显强于酒石酸泰乐菌素。总体来看,替米考星对畜禽常见病原菌的抑菌活性比泰乐菌素要强一些。     

磷酸替米考星对姜曲海品系仔猪的安全性试验研究

为客观评价磷酸替米考星可溶性粉对靶动物猪临床应用的安全性,本试验选取50头40日龄健康断奶姜曲海品系仔猪,分别以1倍、3倍、5倍及10倍剂量10％磷酸替米考星可溶性粉连续饮水给药21 d,喂服受试药物前后受试猪的血常规、血生化、血凝、尿常规、料重比等指标及病理组织学结果表明,受试仔猪没有表现出明显不良症状,除10倍剂量受试猪的血生化指标中血清钙、肌酸激酶与空白对照组相比有明显差异(P＜0.01)外,其他各用药组受试猪的各检测指标与空白对照组没有显著差异或其测定值均位于正常值范围,未出现与用药明显相关的不良状况.结果说明10％磷酸替米考星可溶性粉毒性较小,受试猪体的耐受性高,至少以10倍推荐剂量连续饮水给药21 d对靶动物猪是安全的.本试验对姜曲海品系仔猪进行了血常规、血生化、血凝、尿常规、饲料报酬等方面数据的补充,为其相关指标的进一步研究提供了一定的参考依据.     

A comparison of prophylactic efficacy of tilmicosin and a new formulation of oxytetracycline in feedlot calves

Two replicated-pen field studies were performed under commercial feedlot conditions in western Canada to compare the administration of long-acting oxytetracycline at 30 mg/kg body weight (BW) versus tilmicosin at 10 mg/kg BW to feedlot calves upon arrival at the feedlot. Ten thousand nine hundred and eighty-nine, recently weaned, auction market derived, crossbred beef steer and bull calves were randomly allocated upon arrival at the feedlot to one of 2 experimental groups as follows: oxytetracycline, which received intramuscular long-acting oxytetracycline (300 mg/mL formulation) at a rate of 30 mg/kg BW; or tilmicosin, which received subcutaneous tilmicosin (300 mg/mL formulation) at a rate of 10 mg/kg BW. There were 20 pens in each experimental group. In Study 1 and in the combined analysis, the initial undifferentiated fever (UF) treatment rate was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the oxytetracycline group as compared with the tilmicosin group. There were no significant (P > or = 0.05) differences in first UF relapse, second UF relapse, third UF relapse, overall chronicity, overall rail, overall mortality, bovine respiratory disease (BRD) mortality, hemophilosis mortality, arthritis mortality, or miscellaneous mortality rates between the experimental groups in either study or in the combined analysis. In addition, there were no significant (P > or = 0.05) differences in initial weight, final weight, weight gain, days on feed, daily dry matter intake, average daily gain, or the dry matter intake to gain ratio between the experimental groups in either study or in the combined analyses. In the economic analysis, there was a net economic advantage of $5.22 CDN per animal in the oxytetracycline group, due to a lower prophylactic cost, even though the UF therapeutic cost was higher.     

Dose determination and confirmation of a long-acting formulation of ceftiofur (ceftiofur crystalline free acid) administered subcutaneously for the treatment of bovine respiratory disease

The objective of this work was to determine and confirm an effective dose of ceftiofur crystalline free acid sterile oil suspension (CCFA-SS, 100 mg ceftiofur equivalents (CE)/mL], a long-acting single-administration ceftiofur formulation, for the treatment of the bacterial component of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Study 1 was a dose determination study that used an intratracheal Mannheimia haemolytica (Pasteurella haemolytica) challenge model to evaluate single-administration doses of CCFA-SS at 0.0, 1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4 or 5.5 mg CE/kg body weight (BW) for the treatment of BRD. Data from this study were used to select doses for field testing in three multi-location clinical studies. In Study 2, the efficacy of a single administration dose of CCFA-SS at 4.4 mg CE/kg BW was compared with a negative control for the treatment of naturally occurring BRD in feedlot cattle. Treatments were administered when uniform clinical signs of BRD were present. Study 3 used a design similar to Study 2, and compared single-administration doses of CCFA-SS at 3.0 or 4.4 mg CE/kg BW with the positive-control tilmicosin (Micotil(R) 300 Injection, Elanco Animal Health) at 10 mg/kg BW. Study 4 compared the efficacy of single doses of CCFA-SS of 1.1-8.8 mg CE/kg BW with tilmicosin at 10 mg/kg BW. A total of 1176 cattle were included in these clinical studies. In Study 1, a dose of 4.55 mg CE/kg BW was determined to be effective. This was rounded to 4.4 mg CE/kg for field testing. In Study 2, a single dose of CCFA-SS at 4.4 mg CE/kg BW had a higher treatment success rate on day 14 (61%) than negative controls (26%, P < 0.01). However, in Study 3 this dose was judged to be at the beginning of an efficacious dose range for the treatment of BRD when compared with tilmicosin. In Study 4, day 28 treatment success rates were higher for CCFA-SS at 4.4-8.8 CE/kg BW than for tilmicosin (P=0.002) or the noneffective CCFA-SS dose of 1.1 mg CE/kg BW (P < 0.001). Based on decision criteria for Study 4, the effective dose was determined to be 4.4-5.5 mg CE/kg BW. These clinical studies demonstrated that a single dose of CCFA-SS (100 mg CE/mL) administered subcutaneously (s.c.) in the neck at 4.4-5.5 mg CE/kg BW is an effective treatment for BRD in feedlot cattle. However, this route of administration is no longer being considered for this formulation because of the ceftiofur residues that are present at the injection site for extended periods of time.     

Effect of a new macrolide antibiotic (tilmicosin) on pneumonia experimentally induced in calves by Mycoplasma bovis and Pasteurella haemolytica

Two gnotobiotic calves were treated once with tilmicosin (20 mg kg-1) six hours before they were infected by the intratracheal route with Mycoplasma bovis and Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1. This treatment prevented colonisation of the lungs by P haemolytica and considerably reduced colonisation by M bovis, and the clinical scores and the extent of pneumonic consolidation, compared with two untreated gnotobiotic calves, both of which had to be killed in extremis for humanitarian reasons within 24 hours of infection. In a second experiment, 10 conventionally reared calves were similarly exposed to infection and, at the onset of clinical disease, five were treated once with tilmicosin (20 mg kg-1). Colonisation by P haemolytica and M bovis, the clinical scores and extent of pneumonic consolidation were suppressed or greatly reduced in the treated compared with the untreated calves, one of which had to be killed in extremis two days after infection. It was concluded that tilmicosin had a beneficial effect.