豚鼠对猪细小病毒弱毒苗抗体反应的研究(摘要)

用不同批次、不同剂量、不同保存时间的猪细小病毒Ｎ株弱毒苗接种豚鼠 ,观察豚鼠对ＰＰＶＮ株弱毒苗的抗体反应。其结果如下 :用 4种不同剂量的ＰＰＶＮ株弱毒苗免疫豚鼠 ,免疫后 14天均产生抗体反应 ,ＰＰＶＨＩ价分别为 :0 1ｍｌ剂量为 1:16～ 1:6 4;0 2ｍｌ为1:8～ 1:32 ;0 5ｍｌ为 1:16～ 1:32 ;1 0ｍｌ为 1:16～ 1:6 4,而对照豚鼠抗体反应为阴性 ,可见仅需 0 1ｍｌＰＰＶＮ株弱毒苗便可引起豚鼠产生抗体反应。同时比较了不同批次的ＰＰＶＮ株弱毒苗接种豚鼠产生抗体反应的情况 ;3批ＰＰＶＮ株弱毒苗接种豚鼠后 14天全部出现抗体反…     

猪细小病毒(PPV)_(S-1)A株弱毒疫苗接种豚鼠的抗体反应

三批PPVs-1A弱毒苗接种豚鼠20只,接种后一周开始产生抗体反应,第五周全部出现抗体反应。HI抗体持续时间至少10个月。弱毒苗分A、B两组接种HI阴性豚鼠共8只,接种HI阴性猪共4只。猪在免疫后一周HI全部阳性,一个月平均HI价1024;豚鼠免疫后四周全部阳性,35天平均HI价395,豚鼠与猪阳性率相符。弱毒苗在4℃保存11个月,-20℃14个月后接种豚鼠,全部产生抗体反应。     

猪细小病毒自然弱毒N株的免疫原性研究

用PPV-N株接种抗体阴性后备母猪,5天产生HI抗体,7天达到保护性水平(＞1∶256),14天达高峰.用该毒株对4月龄猪、后备母猪和怀孕母猪进行免疫原性试验,结果攻毒后5、7、9天未检测到病毒血症和未分离到病毒.攻毒后第40天剖杀2头怀孕母猪,见胎儿正常,胎儿心血HI抗体阴性,从胎儿脏器未分离出病毒.自然分娩的母猪,产仔正常,仔猪吃初乳前HI抗体阴性,而对照猪攻毒后产生病毒血症,并产下不同组合异常仔,从死胎儿脏器分离到病毒,活仔HI抗体阳性.试验还表明豚鼠对PPV-N株的抗体应答和猪的相似,可作为PPV弱毒株免疫抗体应答检测的实验动物.本研究结果证明,PPV自然弱毒N株具有良好的免疫原性.     

猪细小病毒（PPV）S—1株弱毒疫苗接种豚鼠的抗体反应

三批ＰＰＶＳ－１弱毒苗接种豚鼠２０只，接种后一周开始产生抗体反应，第五周全部出现抗体反应，ＨＩ抗体持续时间至少１０个月，弱毒苗分Ａ、Ｂ两组接种ＨＩ阴性豚鼠共８只，接种ＨＩ阴性猪共４只，猪在免疫后一周ＨＩ全部阳性，一个月平均ＨＩ价１０２４；豚鼠免疫后四周全部阳性，３５天平均ＨＩ价３９５，豚鼠与猪阳性率相符，弱毒苗在４℃保存１１个月，－２０℃１４个月后接种豚鼠，全部产生抗体反应。     

猪细小病毒N株的生物学和免疫学特性研究

猪细小病毒N株是从广西初产母猪所产死胎脏器分离的自然弱毒株。用这个毒株接种PPV HI抗体阴性的四月龄小猪和怀孕14～23天的后备母猪进行安全性试验,结果无任何异常临床症状、病毒血症和同居感染,母猪分娩正常,初生仔猪在吃初乳前HI抗体阴性。该毒株免疫的小猪、后备母猪和怀孕母猪,完全能抵抗猪细小病毒强毒攻击,攻毒后49天剖杀母猪,结果胎儿正常,胎儿心血HI抗体阴性,取胎儿脏器未分离出病毒,分娩母猪产仔正常,仔猪吃初乳前HI抗体阴性。而对照猪攻毒后产生病毒血症,产下不同组合异常仔,并从死胎儿脏器分离出病毒,健活仔猪吃初乳前能测出HI抗体。从而证明用N株作为弱毒苗能防止由猪细小病毒引起的繁殖障碍性疾病。     

猪细小病毒N株弱毒疫苗区域试验

用三批PPV-N株弱毒疫苗分别在三个规模化猪场进行了较大范围的区域试验,共免疫后备母猪32930头,观察其安全性和免疫效力.结果表明,三批苗均能使豚鼠产生良好的抗体反应.猪只注苗后食欲、体温均正常,无任何不良临床反应.平均每胎产健活仔10.96头,而死胎仅为0.52头,说明PPV-N株弱毒疫苗是预防猪细小病毒感染安全、有效的弱毒疫苗.     

猪细小病毒N株弱毒苗的田间试验

用猪细小病毒N株弱毒苗对广西11个猪场的后备母猪,在配种前进行了田间免疫试验,共免疫1713头猪,并于免疫前后检测了247头猪的细小病毒血凝抑制抗体,结果显示免疫后有95.6％的猪HI抗体上升。效检与田间试验的结果相一致。观察了121头免疫猪产仔成绩,免疫猪比对照猪平均每窝多产活仔2.9头,少产死胎、木乃伊、弱仔3.6头。近年来我们的研究证明,广西猪群普遍存在并广泛流行猪细小病毒病。为了更有效的防制本病,我们研究出一自然弱毒苗,并对其安全性和免疫原性进行了研究。现将猪细小病毒N株弱毒苗的田间试验结果报告如下。     

犬细小病毒母源抗体及其对免疫接种的影响

犬细小病毒母源抗体可通过胎盘和初乳转移给仔犬。初生犬一周内血清中母源抗体HI效价为1:128～1:256,6用龄时HI效价降至1:8～1:32。母源抗体效价>1:16时接种犬细小病毒灭活苗。仅有33％的犬产生免疫应答;HI≤1:16时,对接种灭活苗或弱毒苗均产生免疫应答。     

猪细小病毒病弱毒疫苗免疫效力评价及临床免疫试验

为制定猪细小病毒病弱毒疫苗效力检验的标准,用3批猪细小病毒病弱毒疫苗进行接种猪与接种豚鼠的平行试验;同时进行临床免疫试验。3批疫苗接种豚鼠和猪后定期进行PPVHI抗体检测;猪于免疫后攻毒,并进行病毒分离。免疫母猪在怀孕早期进行强毒攻击,40d扑杀进行病毒分离。用3批疫苗免疫后备母猪统计产仔成绩。结果显示,豚鼠接种后21d、猪接种后7d全部产生抗体反应。免疫攻毒的猪均未从血浆和内脏中分离到病毒,而从对照猪分离到病毒;怀孕母猪强毒攻击后扑杀,胎儿病毒分离均为阴性,而对照猪胎儿病毒分离为阳性;统计数据表明免疫猪的产仔成绩比未免疫猪高,平均每窝多产活仔1.85头,少产死胎木乃伊胎0.65头。结果表明,当免疫豚鼠PPV HI≥64时,免疫猪能抵抗PPV强毒攻击,两者呈正相关;免疫母猪的攻毒试验表明免疫母猪能抵抗PPV经胎盘感染;临床免疫试验证明疫苗具有良好的免疫原性和安全性。     

豚鼠对不同剂量猪细小病毒灭活苗的抗体反应

我研究所研制的猪细小病毒(PPV)AEI灭活苗对预防因PPV引起的母猪繁殖障碍病有良好的效果。该疫苗的效力检验以豚鼠为最易感。本文采用PPV灭活苗的不同剂量,分别为1ml二次、0.5ml二次、0.5ml一次和1ml一次,免疫PPV HI阴性豚鼠,观察豚鼠抗体反应的情况。现报告如下。一、材料和方法 1、材料:7批PPV AEI灭活苗,按本所“猪细小病毒AEI灭活疫苗的制造和检验试行规程”制做,经检验质量合格。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.