低温与土壤水分含量对玉米种子萌发的影响

以5个玉米品种为试验材料,设置了25℃、10℃及5℃3个发芽温度及5个土壤水分含量,研究了温度和土壤水分含量与玉米发芽率的关系。结果表明在各个温度条件下,玉米种子的萌发率在品种间及品种与土壤水分含量的互作下均呈极显著差异,土壤水分含量间仅在25℃处理7d时差异不显著,其他情况均呈显著或极显著差异。玉米品种10℃处理21d与5℃处理4d+25℃处理3d发芽率呈显著正相关,与发芽势呈极显著正相关。土壤水分含量为15%时,发芽率的变异系数最小。初步明确了玉米萌发期耐冷性鉴定的条件为:5℃处理4d+25℃处理3d,土壤水分含量为15%。     

GA3和kinetin在低温下对玉米和大豆种子萌发及幼苗发育影响的研究

本文在控制温度条件下,研究了GA3和kinetin在低温条件下对玉米和大豆种子萌发及幼苗发育的影响。结果表明,在萌发适宜温度25℃条件下两种药剂处理的效果均不显著,但在15℃和10℃较低温度条件下两种药剂对玉米和大豆种子萌发有明显促进作用,而且在l0℃温度下药剂处理的效果好于在15℃温度下。在10℃低温条件下,对玉米和大     

根癌农杆菌介导的橡胶树花药愈伤组织遗传转化体系的建立

为建立根癌农杆菌介导的橡胶树遗传转化体系,以花药愈伤组织为受体,研究了农杆菌菌株、共培养温度、共培养时间、乙酰丁香酮(AS)等因素对遗传转化效率的影响。结果表明,农杆菌菌株、共培养温度和共培养时间对转化效率具有显著影响,AS不影响转化效率。2.2万个花药愈伤组织经EHA105菌株侵染后,转入未添加AS的培养基,22℃共培养6d,通过50mgL-1卡那霉素抗性筛选、叶片GUS染色、uidA和NptII基因PCR特异扩增、PCR产物测序及NptII基因Southern检测,鉴定出11株转基因植株,并通过嫁接和次生体胚发生,获得来自8个转基因株系的681株转基因植株,移栽成活253株。     

变色期晾制温度对雪茄烟叶氮素转化机理的影响

为探究变色期不同晾制温度对雪茄烟叶氮素转化机制的影响，以川雪1号为试验材料，设置4个温度处理(23℃、25℃、27℃和29℃)，测定分析不同处理下的烟叶主要含氮化合物含量及相关酶活性。结果表明，随着变色期晾制温度的增加，烟叶内部硝酸还原酶和亚硝酸还原酶活性呈先升后降的趋势，23℃与29℃温度处理的烟叶酶活性显著降低。随着变色期晾制温度的增加，各处理的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量呈先降后升的趋势，氨和总挥发碱含量显著降低，蛋白质含量显著升高，其中温度为27℃处理的烟叶内NH₄⁺-N和氨基酸含量显著升高，亚硝酸盐含量显著降低。烟叶内氨转化产物的相关性分析表明，各处理烟叶中的氨与总挥发碱、总氮和蛋白质含量整体呈显著负相关，与NH₄⁺-N和氨基酸含量相关性不显著。当变色期温度控制在27℃时，烟叶内化学成分较协调，烟叶物理特性和感官质量最好，25℃处理次之。综上所述，变色期适宜的晾制温度条件有利于雪茄烟叶品质的提高。     

生态因素对玉米品种产量影响的试验研究

本文通过播期调节研究了不同生态条件下不同类型玉米品种的产量表现，结果表明：不同生态条件下玉米产量差异达极显著水平。品种间产量差异不显著，适宜条件下不同类型高产玉米品种都能发挥高产潜力。晚熟品种掖单13对温度、光照变化反应敏感，花后高温、光照不足严重影响其产量。登海1号花后最适日均温为25．41℃，掖单13为24．15℃。     

根癌农杆菌介导玉米遗传转化的研究进展

对根癌农杆菌介导的玉米基因转化中包括外植体、基本培养基及其附加物、共培养温度、信号分子与vir基因的活化的几个关键因素研究进展作了论述。近年来的研究发现，大小为1~2mm的幼胚是较为理想的转化外植体，在外植体培养基本培养基一般多选用MS和N6，在基本培养基上附加有机氮和氨基酸、金属离子均有利于转化效率的提高。转化中的共培养温度一般在200C~250C之间。研究认为根癌农杆菌转化禾本科植物的困难在于禾本科植物缺乏酚类物质，难以诱导Vir基因活化表达，因此在转化中多采用加入外源的酚类物质如乙酰丁香酮来提高玉米转化的成功率。     

农杆菌介导樱桃干腐病菌的遗传转化

以携带潮霉素磷酸转移酶基因的pBIG3C为转化载体,根癌农杆菌EHA105为转化介体,对樱桃干腐病菌LXS230101分生孢子进行转化。结果表明,樱桃干腐病菌的最优转化体系为：α型分生孢子浓度为106个/mL,培养基中添加200μmol/mL乙酰丁香酮（AS）,共培养温度和时间分别为25℃和72 h,其转化效率为1×106个α型分生孢子产生686个转化子。随机选取转化子进行PCR和Southern blot 鉴定,发现T-DNA已整合进樱桃干腐病菌基因组中;转化子在不含潮霉素的PDA培养基中连续培养5代后,仍表现出对潮霉素的抗性,表明外源基因能在樱桃干腐病菌中稳定遗传。     

光照和温度对红果小檗种子萌发的影响

研究了温度和光照条件对红果小檗种子萌发的影响,结果表明:光照对红果小檗种子的萌发无显著影响.恒温条件下,红果小檗种子萌发适宜温度为10℃,最适温度为20～25℃,低于或高于此温度,种子萌发率降低或萌发期延长；变温条件下,10℃/20℃、10 ℃/25℃和15 ℃/25℃为种子萌发适宜温度,萌发率均达到94％以上.     

农杆菌介导小麦遗传转化条件的优化

本研究以普通小麦品种扬麦15和Alondra's的幼胚产生的愈伤组织为受体材料,通过检测gus基因的瞬时表达情况,研究了农杆菌介导的主要影响因子的转化效率。研究结果表明,在相同条件下两个品种农杆菌侵染的最佳条件不尽相同。扬麦15的最佳优化条件为:先在不添加AS的培养基中预培养,然后在菌液浓度为OD600=0.2、AS浓度为100μmol/L条件下侵染10min,最后在25℃共培养1d;Alondra's则在菌液浓度为OD600=0.5、共培养时间为2d时,表现出最佳的gus基因瞬时表达率。为小麦的遗传转化提供参考。     

农杆菌介导的"川农"系列小麦品种遗传转化效率研究初探

基因型是影响小麦农杆菌转化效率的关键因素.本研究采用携带双元表达载体PCAMBIA-1303的根癌农杆菌菌株AGL 1,对12个"川农"系列小麦品种的幼胚和愈伤进行了遗传转化.GUS瞬时表达的染色结果表明:"川农"系列小麦不同基因型间转化效率差异较大,愈伤组织普遍较幼胚的转化率高,其中幼胚转化效率较高的品种有川农21和川农22,分别为90%和85%;愈伤组织的转化效率普遍高于幼胚,川农22和川农25的愈伤转化率都达到了100%.这些材料可进一步用来转化有益目的基因.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Mechanisms and diversity of resistance to sorghum shoot fly,Atherigona soccata

Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums.     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.