42份橡胶树种质资源的耐寒性比较

为筛选出耐寒性强的种质资源作为育种材料,以42份橡胶树魏克汉种质资源的一年生枝条为试材,按同一低温不同处理时长人工模拟低温寒害,测定相对电导率并结合半致死时间、树皮厚度对各种质耐寒性进行比较。结果表明：持续低温处理18 h,相对电导率的均值已近50%,群体开始表现对低温的不耐受性;树皮厚度变幅较大,与半致死时间呈显著正相关;42份种质的半致死时间变幅为9.34～30.49 h,聚类分析分为3大类,耐寒性最强的2份,最差的6份,总群体中耐寒性强的种质占比较少。在橡胶树大批量种质鉴定时,可选用同一低温下不同时长处理的方法来快速筛选耐寒性较强的种质。     

1992／1993年强寒潮对几个橡胶无性系及巴西橡胶新种质的寒害调查报告

１９９２／１９９３年强寒潮对几个橡胶无性系及巴西橡胶新种质的寒害调查报告罗家勤（广东省湛江化州橡胶所）前言１９９２／１９９３年冬春，我所植胶区遭受连续长时间的强寒潮袭击，且有霜冻天气的影响，致使橡胶和农作物出现了不同程度的寒害，损失严重。抗寒系比试区...     

大搞橡胶树人工授粉扩大应用抗寒有性系工作方案

云南植胶垦区地处热带边缘,纬度北,海拔高,植胶热量条件差,胶树的低温寒害是必然的。我们在思想上和工作上必须有长期同寒害作斗争的充分准备,要把寒害当做主要的自然灾害来对付。植胶廿多年的实践证明,在重寒区的阴坡和半阴坡,中寒区的陡阴坡,目前尚没有一个无性系种植后不遭受寒害,能够完全站得住脚。今后还需不断扩大植胶面积,抗寒品种更成为要迫切解决的主要问题。 现在大量试验资料说明,胶树的抗寒性可以传递给其后代,一个无性系有性后代,往往比其亲本抗寒。如果选择抗寒的亲本,用有性杂交方法,即人工授粉方法就可以获得抗寒力超亲本的实生树。利用抗寒高产的优良品系间进行有性杂交,就可以从中选出抗寒     

河口垦区1988/89年冬橡胶树寒害普查报告

1988/89年冬后,我们对河口垦区橡胶树林地97194亩,2294874株进行了寒害普查。按三层两面八个坡向进行汇总。本文通过总结对平流低温寒害的特点和规律有了新的认识,在造成橡胶树寒害的气象因子中,冷风是加重寒害的主要因素,提出以冷风方向和垂直高度作为植胶类型小区区划的原则和减小风速为主的有关抗寒植胶措施。     

抗寒植胶仍是云南垦区不容忽视的问题

根据赵振国研究员所言“30年冷周期”即将来临的预测,针对河口垦区不够重视橡胶树寒害问题的倾向,回顾了河口植胶半个世纪以来的橡胶树寒害及损失情况,提醒人们:寒害曾经发生,并且还会发生,云南垦区抗寒植胶不容忽视。     

野生大麻种质资源表型及其RAPD遗传多样性分析

以中国12份野生大麻种质及4个对照栽培品种为研究对象,通过田间栽培试验,调查叶长、叶宽和叶柄等11个表型性状,并采用CTAB法提取大麻基因组DNA,分析了其表型性状及RAPD标记位点的多态性,应用Farthest neighbor和UPGMA方法分别构建了表型及RAPD聚类图。结果表明,野生大麻表型变异非常丰富,11个表型在不同种质资源间的差异性均达到了极显著水平(P<0.001),其中变异最大的为千粒重,变异最小的为有效分枝数;14条RAPD引物共扩增出106条带,其中79条为多态性条带,多态性比率为74.52%。基于表型聚类分析,16份大麻种质资源分为3个类群,第1类群包括全部12份野生大麻种质资源,且根据高纬和中低纬分为2个明显的分支,另外2个类群仅包括3份栽培大麻;基于RAPD聚类分析,16份大麻种质资源同样分为3个类群,总体上呈现地域性分布,但野生大麻和栽培大麻并未区分开,云南、新疆的种质资源聚为一类,东北、华北的种质资源聚为一类,西藏种质资源单独聚为一类。研究表明,我国野生大麻种质资源具有复杂的遗传多样性,应该结合表型和遗传位点综合分析。研究结果为野生大麻的利用和工业大麻品种改良提供参考依据。     

广东省红树林寒害的调查

2008年2月对广东省红树林遭受严重寒害的情况开展调查,并选取较有代表性的珠海淇澳岛红树林区作为样点进行详查。调查结果表明：①粤西红树林受寒害最重,粤中次之,粤东较轻;②受寒害严重的主要红树林造林树种为海桑类;③乡土树种的抗寒能力明显强于引进树种;④由寒潮引起的长时间持续低温是造成寒害的主要原因,红树林的受害程度还与生物学因素、生境因素相关。最后就灾后的红树林恢复提出了若干建议。     

平和县野生林木种质资源现状及保护利用对策

通过林木种质资源普查了解和掌握平和县野生林木种质资源现状,分析和掌握平和县野生林木种质资源的数量与分布情况,并对野生林木种质资源现状进行评价,指出在野生林木种质资源管理工作中存在的问题,提出保护利用野生林木种质资源的对策和发展建议。     

山葡萄种质资源收集、保存、评价与利用研究进展

山葡萄（V .amurensis Rupr.）是葡萄抗寒、抗病育种的珍贵种质资源,也是酿造山葡萄酒和生产天然色素的重要原料。我国自20世纪50年代开始野生山葡萄种质资源驯化与栽培技术研究,取得了丰硕的研究成果。该文着重从山葡萄种质资源收集、保存、深度评价与高效利用等几方面取得的成果进行综述,并提出山葡萄种质资源未来的研究方向。     

柴达木盆地野生黑果枸杞的表型多样性

为给野生黑果枸杞种质资源保存及其创新利用提供理论依据,以柴达木盆地野生黑果枸杞分布区域的3个野生群体为研究对象,对其19个表型性状进行比较分析。结果表明:野生黑果枸杞表型性状除浆果性状在群体间存在显著性差异外,其它13个表型性状在群体间和群体内中均不存在显著性差异;通过聚类分析将3个野生黑果枸杞分为2类,第Ⅰ类为格尔木和德令哈,第Ⅱ类为诺木洪。     

Evaluation of Brazilian wild Hevea germplasm for cold tolerance:genetic variability in the early mature growth

Hevea brasiliensis is a commercially cultivated species for its natural rubber(NR) latex in South East Asian countries. To meet the ever-increasing demand, NR cultivation has been extended to non-traditional regions due to the limited scope of further expansion in traditional rubbergrowing areas in India. These areas are often confronted with various abiotic stresses, especially high and low temperatures, which cause reduction in plant growth, thereby increasing its uneconomical immaturity period. Eighteen wild Hevea accessions along with two modern clones RRII203 and PB 235 and two check clones RRIM 600 and Haiken 1 were evaluated in the early mature growth phase.The site was at Nagrakata, West Bengal, the sub-Himalayan cold-prone region of India. In Hevea, crop production is governed by two major factors, growth-vigor and production capacity. Growth-vigor is of special importance because the production of rubber is a process linked with the early growth of the plant, which results in early tappability and early economic gains. The genotypes exhibited highly significant clonal differences(P = 0.05) for all the growth traits. Tappability percentage in the seventh year, ranged from 0.33 %(AC 3074, AC 3075, AC 3293) to 89.67 %(RO 2727). The most vigorously growing accession(RO2727) reached tappabile girth early in the seventh year when the girth of plant ranged from 22.38 cm(AC 3293) to53.12 cm(RO 2727). The general mean was 43.32 cm, and the similar growth trend was exhibited by these accessions in the tenth year also. Annual girth increment(cm a-1) over3 years ranged from 1.81 cm(AC 3075) to 6.80 cm(RO2727). The mean winter girth increment(cm a-1) over4 years ranged from 0.13 cm(AC 3075) to 0.96 cm(RO2727) as compared to the check clone RRIM 600(1.11 cm)and Haiken 1(1.10 cm). Wide differences between the phenotypic coefficient of variation(50.29) and genotypic coefficient of variation(24.82) were observed for winter girth increment. Girth in the tenth year recorded the highest heritability(87 %). Girth was significantly correlated with the other growth traits. The top 30 % of the potential accessions showing high growth vigour and early tappability under cold stress were identified. These ecotypes/selections have high potential value for the development of coldtolerant clones for these regions and also in broadening the genetic base of the present-day cultivated rubber.     

Screening of Sapindus germplasm resources in China based on agro-morphological traits

Sapindus L.species are widely cultivated for biodiesel,biomedical,and biochemical raw materials in southern China.However,yields fluctuate widely due to the lack of high-yielding,high-quality,stable cultivars.There-fore,the objectives of this study were to evaluate three species and one variety among 149 nationwide Sapindus species and screen for elite accessions which would serve as Sapindus breeding materials.Accessions were evaluated on 19 agro-morphological traits by correlation analysis and principal component analysis.These displayed substantial diversity and a broad range of economic traits.In particular,accessions of Sapindus mukorossi and Sapindus rarak had more variation in economic traits than Sapindus delavayi and Sapindus rarak var.velutinus.Increased saponin accu-mulation may be achieved at the cost of seed oil production.Thirty elite accessions for oil and saponin production,and for comprehensive utilization were screened and accessions no.80,110,and 112 had significant potential to produce high yields.These elite accessions will facilitate the iden-tification of genetic determinants of valuable traits and the effective utilization of trait variability in Sapindus breeding.     

水稻LOC_Os10g05490位点冷胁迫条件下表达分析及CRISPR/Cas9定向编辑

为探明LOC_Os10g05490位点冷胁迫条件下的表达特性和耐冷性功能,以耐冷东乡野生稻和冷敏感水稻93-11为试验材料进行了半定量分析,结果表明,LOC_Os10g05490在冷敏感水稻93-11冷处理前后表达丰度相当,而在耐冷东乡野生稻中冷处理后表达丰度下调,这一结果与前期转录组测序(RNA-seq)结果相符,进一步验证了该位点可能与水稻耐冷相关,随后利用CRISPR/Cas9基因组编辑技术对LOC_Os10g05490编码区于同样具有较强耐冷性的粳稻品种台北309中实施定向基因敲除,并成功获得了26株转基因阳性植株。     

北方林果经济——山杏

杏树是我国北方退耕还林的主要经济林树种,山杏适应性强,抗旱、耐寒、耐瘠薄,不论平原、高山、丘陵、沙荒,都能生长结果,其管理容易、投资少、见效快、效益高。既有经济效益又有其生态效益,山杏是北方发展林果、防风固沙的有效树种。     

Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of Pistacia species revealed by phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene markers and implications for conservation

Information on population genetic structure and crop genetic diversity is important for genetically improving crop species and conserving threatened species.The PAL gene sequence is part of a multigene family that can be utilized to design DNA marker systems for genetic diversity and population structure investigation.In the current study, genetic diversity and population structure of100 accessions of wild Pistacia species were investigated with 78 PAL markers.A protocol for using PAL sequences as DNA markers was developed.A total of 313 PAL loci were recognized, showing 100% polymorphism for PAL markers.The PAL markers produced relatively more observed and effective alleles in Pistacia falcata and Pistacia atlantica, with a higher Shannon's information index and expected heterozygosity in P.atlantica, Pistacia vera and Pistacia mutica.Pairwise assessment of Nei's genetic distance and genetic identity between populations revealed a close association between geographically isolated populations of Pistacia khinjuk and Pistacia chinensis.The accessions of wild Pistacia species had more genetic relationship among studied groups of species.Analysis of molecular variance indicated 19% amongpopulation variation and 81% within-population variation for the PAL gene based DNA marker.Population structure analysis based on PAL revealed four groups with high genetic admixture among populations.The results establish PAL markers as a functional DNA marker system and provide important genetic information about accessions from wild populations of Pistacia species.     

巴西橡胶树产胶与排胶机制研究进展

从产胶形态结构及生理学研究、分子生物学研究、排胶机制研究、割胶及乙烯刺激对产胶排胶的影响等方面对巴西橡胶树的产胶与排胶机制进行综述.     

电导法配合叶片SPAD值鉴定橡胶树无性系的抗旱性

以田间鉴定为依据,选择橡胶树6个优树无性系为材料,对叶片的相对电导率、相对含水量、持水力及SPAD值进行测定。结果表明,在干旱胁迫期间,橡胶树不同无性系的叶片相对电导率和含水量存在极显著差异,表现出抗旱性强的无性系其相对电导率低,相对含水量高,测定的SPAD值也相对较高;相关性分析表明,SPAD值与胁迫后电导率上升幅度、相对含水量及胁迫21 h持水力间呈显著相关(P0.05)。运用电导法配合叶片SPAD值对橡胶树种质资源的抗旱性进行规模化筛选简便快捷,结果具有一定可靠性。     

水稳砂砾沥青路面冷再生材料温缩和抗冻性能试验研究

水泥稳定冷再生材料属于半刚性材料,其以强度高、刚度大、路用性能好等优点,在实际工程中得到广泛的应用。但是半刚性基层材料也存在着如抗裂性能和抗冻性能差等缺陷。因此抗裂性能和抗冻性能是半刚性基层亟待解决的问题。本文以不同的水泥剂量、沥青面层与半刚性基层厚度比,以及不同新骨料掺加量的冷再生材料进行温度收缩系数试验和抗冻性能试验研究,得到不同配合比例与水泥稳定冷再生材料不同龄期的温度收缩系数和耐冻系数之间的关系。     

我国蓝莓研究

从蓝莓生产、繁殖、育种等角度综述了我国蓝莓研究现状,并提出今后蓝莓研究热点。我国虽然开展了一定规模的蓝莓种植,但栽培技术不高、效益不好是制约我国蓝莓生产的重要因素,尤其是内蒙古大兴安岭地区极具优势的野生蓝莓栽培生产尚未成熟是一件十分遗憾的事;从繁殖方式上看只有少部分品种实现了快繁,有较多的优良引进品种的快繁体系尚未建立,所以快繁技术还有待于进一步完善,特别是内蒙古大兴安岭高寒地区野生蓝莓的快繁技术的研究还处于研究阶段;种子繁殖正处于起步阶段;蓝莓育种技术的研究在我国尚属空白,生产中使用的品种均为引进种,这些品种耐寒性差,越冬防寒技术要求高是栽培推广的限制因素,而内蒙古的野生蓝莓品种虽然耐寒性强,但产量低、果实贮藏性差、栽培成活率低也是生产中的棘手问题,因此,选育出我国自主蓝莓品种是当务之急,尤其以大兴安岭高寒地区野生蓝莓为基础的新品种培育将成为今后我国蓝莓研究的重要方向。     

应用电导法评价5个桉树抗寒性

文章从材料和条件控制上探讨电导法评价桉树抗寒性的应用,具体评价了4个桉树无性系和邓恩桉实生种的抗寒性.结果表明:EG-6无性系抗寒性较强,叶片半致死温度为-9.76～-8.95℃,井冈1号和广9次之,叶片半致死温度为-9.26～-8.22℃,邓恩桉和DH201-2较弱,叶片半致死温度为-8.80 ～-7.77℃.不同叶...