亏缺灌溉对中国西北干旱区棉花生长、水分利用特征和产量的影响

Water shortage is a key constraint to sustainable agricultural production in Xinjiang, Northwest China. To enhance the use efficiency of valuable irrigation water resources, a 2-year experiment(2010–2011) was conducted to quantify the response of cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth and yield to different degrees of deficit irrigation(DI) regimes; to determine the effects of DI on the characteristics of water use for cotton, seasonal water use, available soil water in the root zone, soil water depletion, evapotranspiration(ET)-based water use efficiency and irrigation-based water use efficiency, and to determine the best DI regime for optimal water-saving and yield output. The plots were irrigated at 100%(100ET), 85%(85ET), 70%(70ET), 55%(55ET) and 45%(45ET) of the regional ET of cotton in northern Xinjiang. The effect of DI irrigation on water use characteristics was evaluated by analyzing available soil water and soil water depletion in the root zone along with water use efficiencies of cotton. The study showed that the growth, water use characteristics and yield of cotton varied with irrigation regime. Seasonal ET and seed cotton yield were linearly correlated with irrigation amount. The second-order polynomial equation best approximated water-yield relationship of cotton in the study area.Cotton yield response factor was 0.65, suggesting limited water conditions were suitable for cotton cultivation. Economic evaluation of DI treatments confirmed that the yield loss was less than 10% under 70 ET and 85 ET, which was acceptable for greater sustainability.The results suggested that proper DI schemes were necessary for sustainable cotton production in the region. While irrigation at 85 ET was safe for high cotton yield, irrigation at 70 ET was a viable alternative under limited irrigation water availability.     

地膜覆盖滴灌棉田土壤上水分动态的数值模拟

Drip irrigation under plastic mulch has been widely applied in arid Northwest China as a water-saving irrigation technology.A comprehensive knowledge of the distribution and movement of soil water in root zone is essential for the design and management of irrigation regimes.Simulation models have been proved to be efcient methods for this purpose.In this study,the numerical model Hydrus -2D was used to simulate the temporal variations of soil water content in a drip irrigated cotton field under mulching.A concept of partitioning coefcient,calibrated to be 0.07,was introduced to describe the efect of plastic mulch on prevention of evaporation.The soil hydraulic parameters were optimized by inverse solution using the field data.At the optimized conditions,the model was used to predict soil water content for four field treatments.The agreements between the predictions and observations were evaluated using coefcient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE).The results suggested that the model fairly reproduced the variations in soil water content at all locations in four treatments,with R2 ranging from 0.582 to 0.826 and RMSE from 0.029 to 0.050 cm3 cm-3,indicating that the simulations agreed well with the observations.     

中国东北休闲期稻田温室气体排放

CH4, N2O and CO2 emissions from northeast Chinese rice fields were measured in the fallow season （November to March） to investigate the effects of freezing-thawing on the emissions. Both CH4 emission from and atmospheric CH4 oxidation by the soil occurred, but the flux was small. During the fallow season, rice fields acted as a minor source of atmospheric CH4, which accounted for about 1% of the CH4 emission during the rice growing period. The field was also a substantial source of atmospheric N20, which ranged between 40 to 77 mg m-2 and eu=counted for 40%-50% of the annual N20 emission. The largest N20 flux was observed in the thawing period during the fallow season. Laboratory incubation tests showed that the largest N20 flux came from the release of N20 trapped in frozen soil. Tillage and rice straw application （either mulched on the soil surface or incorporated in the soil） stimulated the CH4 and CO2 emissions during the fallow season, but only straw application stimulated N2O emission substantially.     

中国蔬菜农业邻苯二甲酸酯污染与人体健康累积风险评估

Phthalate esters(PAEs), which can disturb human endocrine system, have been widely detected in vegetable greenhouse agriculture in China. To investigate the effects of environmental factors on PAEs in soils, pollution sources were identified, and the cumulative risks of PAEs to humans through vegetables in the diet were evaluated in this study. Ninety-eight vegetable samples were collected from 10 markets along with 128 vegetable and 111 soil samples from agricultural greenhouses and open field. All soil and vegetable samples were contaminated with PAEs, and the total concentrations of the 5 PAEs, including dimethyl phthalate(DMP), diethyl phthalate(DEP), di-iso-butyl phthalate(DiBP), di-n-butyl phthalate(DnBP), and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate(DEHP), were in the ranges of 0.26–2.53 mg kg~(-1) for soils and 0.95–8.09 mg kg~(-1) for vegetables. Three components extracted from principle component analysis could explain 51.2%, 19.8%, and 15.3% of the total variance of the 5 PAEs in soils, which may represent three major sources of PAEs, i.e., wastewater irrigation, application of fertilizers and pesticides, and plastic film. Long-term greenhouse cultivation could accumulate DEHP in soils, and a higher soil Fe Ox content reduced the Dn BP concentration. Based on a survey of vegetables in the diet, the hazard index of PAEs was 0.15 for individuals in different cities. The exposure of PAEs through vegetable intake was higher than the total exposure from other food stuffs, inhalation, and dermal absorption. More attention should be given to controlling PAEs in greenhouse vegetables.     

高浓度CO2下长白松幼苗土壤和根系呼吸

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of higher CO2 concentrations （500 and 700 μmol mol^-1） in atmosphere on total soil respiration and the contribution of root respiration to total soil respiration during seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris vat. sylvestriformis. During the four growing seasons （May-October） from 1999 to 2003, the seedlings were exposed to elevated concentrations of CO2 in open-top chambers. The total soil respiration and contribution of root respiration were measured using an LI-6400-09 soil CO2 flux chamber on June 15 and October 8, 2003. To separate root respiration from total soil respiration, three PVC cylinders were inserted approximately 30 cm deep into the soil in each chamber. There were marked diurnal changes in air and soil temperatures on June 15. Both the total soil respiration and the soil respiration without roots showed a strong diurnal pattern, increasing from before sunrise to about 14：00 in the afternoon and then decreasing before the next sunrise. No increase in the mean total soil respiration and mean soil respiration with roots severed was observed under the elevated CO2 treatments on June 15, 2003, as compared to the open field and control chamber with ambient CO2. However, on October 8, 2003, the total soil respiration and soil respiration with roots severed in the open field were lower than those in the control and elevated CO2 chambers. The mean contribution of root respiration measured on June 15, 2003, ranged from 8.3% to 30.5% and on October 8, 2003, from 20.6% to 48.6%.     

黑麦草对土壤径流与产沙的调控效应

Living plants and plant roots can reduce runoff and soil erosion. Using a rain simulator, a series of soil erosion experiments were conducted to study the influence of living roots and canopies of ryegrasses （Lolium perenne L.） during the growing season on sediment yields and runoff of a silt loam soil. The results indicated that during the growing season, decrements in runoff and sediment yields increased with time. Sediment yields （τ^2 = 0.999） and decrements in runoff （τ2 = 0.946） were closely related to the root surface area density. The contributions of roots and canopies of ryegrasses to the reductions in runoff and sediment yields were different. Canopies usually contributed more to the runoff decrement than the roots, whereas roots contributed up to 96% of the decrease in sediment yields in the late stage of the growing season.     

温室栽培条件下N2O排放量和浓度分布对肥料和施肥的短期响应

In vegetable cultivation, the majority of N2O emissions occur after fertilization; it is therefore important to understand any factors contributing to this process. An experiment was conducted to investigate short-term N2O dynamics following topdressing in a greenhouse vegetable field in South China. During two topdressing processes, three different urea-N treatments with irrigation were conducted in May and June in a tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) cultivation. The N2O fluxes, soil concentration profiles and soil environments at the 0-60 cm depths at 10 cm intervals were measured both immediately prior to and 5 days after topdressing. The N2O fluxes before topdressing ranged from 6.7±2.1 to 55.0±28.8 μ g N m 2 h 1 ; even higher numbers were recorded in highly fertilized plots. The NO3-N accumulation in the soil caused by vegetable cultivation during the 5 years prior to the start of the experiment, resulted in high background N2O fluxes. One day after topdressing (1 DAT) in May and June, N2O fluxes increased, which coincided with sharp increases in soil N2O concentrations at depths of 2.5 and 15 cm and in NO3-N and NH+4 -N contents at depths of 0-20 cm. From 1 to 5 DAT, fluctuations in the N2O fluxes did not harmonize with the N2O concentrations at a depth of 2.5 cm, which was attributed to different gas diffusion rates at depths of 0-10 cm. These results suggested that surface soil N and environmental conditions were crucial for determining the short-term N2O ebullitions during topdressing in greenhouse vegetable cultivation.     

利用作物水盐生产函数和土壤水盐动态模型制定咸水灌溉制度

Using a crop-water-salinity production function and a soil-water-salinity dynamic model, optimal irrigation scheduling was developed to maximize net return per irrigated area. Plot and field experiments were used to obtain the crop water sensitivity index, the salinity sensitivity index, and other parameters. Using data collected during 35 years to calculate the 10-day mean precipitation and evaporation, the variation in soil salinity concentrations and in the yields of winter wheat and cotton were simulated for 49 irrigation scheduling that were combined from 7 irrigation schemes over 3 irrigation dates and 7 salinity concentrations of saline irrigation water （fresh water and 6 levels of saline water）. Comparison of predicted results with irrigation data obtained from a large area of the field showed that the model was valid and reliable. Based on the analysis of the investment cost of the irrigation that employed deep tube wells or shallow tube wells, a saline water irrigation schedule and a corresponding strategy for groundwater development and utilization were proposed. For wheat or cotton, if the salinity concentration was higher than 7.0 g L^-1 in groundwater, irrigation was needed with only fresh water; if about 5.0 g L^-1, irrigation was required twice with fresh water and once with saline water; and if not higher than 3.0 g L^-1, irrigation could be solely with saline water.     

Rice yield and water use as affected by soil management practices

A field experiment was conducted at the Shenyang Experimental Station of Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,to study the effects of soil management practices on water use and rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield in an axtuic brown soil during 2001 and 2002. A completely random experimental design with three replications was employed, having four soil management practices as treatments, namely: an undisturbed plow layer (CK), a thin plastic film (TN), a thick plastic film (TI) and subsoil compacting (CP). Results indicated no significant differences among all treatments for rice biomass and grain yields. Also, water consumption was about the same for treatments TN and CK, however the treatments TI and CP were much lower with more than 45% and 40% of the irrigation water in the treatments TI and CP, respectively,saved each year compared to CK. Therefore, water use efficiency was higher in the treatments TI and CP. These results will provide a scientific basis for the water-saving rice cultivation.     

土耳其东南部半干旱地区杏园变性土二氧化碳累积排放量的季节变化

Understanding the factors affecting the CO 2 emission from agricultural practices is crucial for global warming.A study was performed in an apricot orchard field in the experimental farm of the Harran University,Southeast Turkey,to i) quantify weekly and seasonal variations of the CO 2 emissions from a Vertisol under apricot orchard;ii) evaluate the difference in CO 2 emission between the area under trees and rows;and iii) assess the relationships between the amounts of CO 2 emissions and environmental parameters for better use and management of the soils from the view point of carbon balance and flux in a semi-arid environment under drip irrigation.Soil CO 2 emission measurements were performed during May 2008 and May 2010,from both under tree crowns (CO 2-UC) and between tree rows (CO 2-BR),on a weekly basis in southeast Turkey with a semi-arid climate.CO 2 emissions were statistically correlated with weather and soil parameters such as air temperature,relative humidity,rainfall,soil water content,and soil temperature at various depths from 5 to 100 cm.The weekly emissions ranged from 82 to 1 110 kg CO 2 ha 1 week 1 and from 96 to 782 kg CO 2 ha 1 week 1 in CO 2-UC and CO 2-BR,respectively.Increase in CO 2 emission in the second year was due to increases in mean air and soil temperatures.The weekly and monthly cumulative CO 2 emissions were positively correlated with the air and soil temperatures.Multiple linear regression analysis explained 35% and 83% variations in average weekly and monthly CO 2 emissions,by using meteorological data.Including the interaction effects of meteorological parameters in regression equations nearly doubled the variance explained by the regression models.According to stepwise regression analysis,soil and air temperatures were found to have the most significant impact on the temporal variability of the soil CO 2 emission.     

土壤抗生素污染对小麦生长和光合参数的影响

Extensive worldwide use of oxytetracycline (OTC),a member of the tetracyclines,has resulted in its accumulation in soils,posing a potential risk to food production and safety.A pair of OTC-sensitive (Heyou 1) and OTC-tolerant (Yannong 21) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars was compared hydroponically at 0.01,0.02,0.04,and 0.08 mmol L-1 OTC in terms of wheat growth and photosynthesis.Biomass and shoot length decreased significantly with the addition of OTC,with the decreases in dry biomass and shoot length being 5.61%-13.75% and 3.33%-8.57% larger,respectively,for Heyou 1 than Yannong 21.Photosynthesis of Heyou 1 was suppressed by OTC as indicated by the significant decreases in photosynthetic rate (PN),transpiration rate (TR),and stomatal conductance (GS) and the significant increase in intercellular CO 2 concentrations (CI),at all OTC levels.Stomatal limitation (LS) and water use efficiencies (WUE) of Heyou 1 also increased significantly,but not at 0.08 mmol L-1 OTC.However,photosynthesis of Yannong 21 was suppressed by OTC only at high OTC levels from 0.02 to 0.08 mmol L-1 as indicated by the decreases in PN,GS,TR,and LS;at 0.01 mmol L-1 OTC,PN,CI,GS,and TR significantly increased.It was noted that WUE of Yannong 21 was not affected by OTC addition.The results from this hydroponic test suggested that OTC had a potential risk to crop growth through inhibition of photosynthesis,requiring further confirmation with soil tests.     

Wheat Growth and Photosynthesis as Affected by Oxytetracycline as a Soil Contaminant

Extensive worldwide use of oxytetracycline (OTC),a member of the tetracyclines,has resulted in its accumulation in soils,posing a potential risk to food production and safety.A pair of OTC-sensitive (Heyou 1) and OTC-tolerant (Yannong 21) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars was compared hydroponically at 0.01,0.02,0.04,and 0.08 mmol L-1 OTC in terms of wheat growth and photosynthesis.Biomass and shoot length decreased significantly with the addition of OTC,with the decreases in dry biomass and shoot leng...     

外施氯对油菜幼苗生长和光合特征影响的研究

采用盆栽砂培试验,研究了不同浓度氯离子（Cl-）处理对油菜（Brassica napus L.）幼苗干物质积累速率（DMAR）、根冠比（R/S）、叶绿素（Chl）含量、氯离子含量（Cl-）、净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、细胞间CO2浓度（Ci）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、水分利用效率（WUE）、气孔限制值（Ls）等的影响。结果表明:25～100 mmol/L Cl- 处理9 d和18 d,油菜幼苗植株DMAR均上升,均在50 mmol/L Cl- 处理时达到最大值;不同浓度Cl- 处理9 d,Chl含量有先上升后下降的趋势,在100 mmol/L Cl- 处理时达到最大值,处理18 d,Chl含量依次下降。Cl- 处理能显著提高叶片中的Cl- 含量。除了在处理18 d后的Ci外,25～100 mmol/L Cl- 处理下,油菜叶片均能维持较高的Pn、Gs、Ci和Tr,200 mmol/L Cl- 处理9 d和18 d,油菜叶片Pn、Gs、Ci和Tr均显著下降。随着Cl- 浓度的增加,WUE呈现先降后升,在9 d处理后,随着Cl- 浓度的增加,油菜Ls也呈现先升后降,而在18 d处理后,随着Cl- 浓度的增加,Ls逐渐显著上升。上述结果表明,外施低量氯（Cl- 25~100 mmol/L）显著提高或者维持油菜幼苗的光合作用和蒸腾作用,促进油菜幼苗的生长;而高氯（200 mmol/L Cl-）条件下显著降低其光合作用和蒸腾作用,抑制其生长,且抑制油菜幼苗光合的主要是气孔因素。相关性分析还表明,植株DMAR、Pn、Ci、Tr、Gs之间均有显著的正相关性,而Pn与WUE之间存在极显著的负相关。     

不同间作模式下木薯花生光合效率比较

田间设置木薯和花生的不同间作措施处理,利用LI-6400光合仪测定不同处理的光合日变化。结果表明:①木薯、花生的生长环境因子的日变化均为"单峰"型曲线,其中光合有效辐射（PAR）、田间CO₂浓度（Ca）呈开口向下曲线,大气相对湿度（RH）、大气温度（Ta）的日变化曲线则开口向上。②不同间作措施中,间作窄行并无绝对优势;间作宽行可保证作物产量,但其瞬时水分利用效率（WUE）和气孔限制值（Ls）均最低,不利于在缺水环境下推广;间作双行的WUE和CO₂利用效率最高,这在严重水分胁迫条件无疑是最优选择。③由统计分析可知,对花生和木薯净光合速率（Pn）影响显著的因子均为作物蒸腾速率（Tr）、胞间CO₂浓度（Ci）、气孔导度（Cond）和气孔限制值（Ls）,其中Pn与Tr、Cond、Ls呈正相关,与Ci呈负相关。术薯、花生的"午休"现象主要由非气孔因素决定,其气孔机制是作物蒸腾速率（Tr）和胞间CO₂浓度（Ci）双重起作用的结果,首先起作用的是Tr诱发的光抑制,之后气孔开关则是由Ci调控。     

NaCl胁迫对甘薯叶片水分代谢、光合速率、ABA含量的影响

以耐盐品种徐薯 1 8、中等耐盐品种栗子香和不耐盐品种胜利百号为材料 ,用 1/2Hoagland营养液配制浓度为 0、85、170、255、340mmolL-1 的NaCl溶液分别胁迫 6d后进行指标分析。试验结果表明 ,随着NaCl胁迫浓度的提高 ,甘薯叶片水势 (w)、相对含水量 (RWC)逐渐下降 ,光合速率 (Pn)、蒸腾速率 (Tr)、水分利用率 (WUE)、气孔导度 (Gs)、气孔开度也明显下降 ;低浓度NaCl胁迫下胞间CO2 浓度 (Ci)下降 ,随着NaCl胁迫浓度的提高 ,Ci逐渐上升 ;脱落酸 (ABA)含量则随NaCl胁迫浓度的提高而上升。NaCl胁迫下上述指标在不同耐盐品种间存在明显差异 ,而且NaCl胁迫浓度与RWC、w、Pn、Tr、Gs呈极显著的负相关。在NaCl浓度为 85mmolL-1 以上时 ,NaCl浓度与Ci、ABA含量呈极显著的正相关 ;RWC、w与ABA间呈极显著负相关 ,与Pn、Tr、Gs之间呈极显著的正相关 ;ABA含量与Pn、Tr、Gs之间呈极显著的负相关。     

黄土高原侧柏、臭椿光合、蒸腾作用比较研究

对黄土高原半干旱区侧柏和臭椿的光合、蒸腾特性进行了系统的研究,并对光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、水分利用率和胞间CO₂浓度进行了分析,结果表明:臭椿的日蒸腾速率、日光合速率、水分利用效率和气孔导度均高于侧柏;臭椿和侧柏的胞间CO₂浓度都随着光合速率的变化而变化,光合速率高则胞间CO₂浓度较低,反之则较高,侧柏和臭椿在长期适应环境的过程中产生了不同的生理生态对策.     

土壤水分胁迫对杜仲叶片光合及水分利用特征的影响

通过实验研究了华北石质山区4种不同土壤水分条件下3a生杜仲苗木叶片光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、气孔限制值(Ls)、水分利用效率(WUE)等参数的光响应过程。结果表明:(1)杜仲叶片在土壤水分轻度(W1)、中度(W2)和重度(W3)胁迫条件下的光饱和点分别比对照(CK)下降12.5%、44.8%、68.5%,晴天日光合速率最大值分别比对照(CK)下降21.5%、47%、69.7%;(2)叶片蒸腾速率(Tr)呈现随光合有效辐射(PAR)增加而上升的趋势。对比CK,Tr在W1、W2和W3条件下分别下降了17%、52%和93%;(3)Gs随着PAR的增加而逐渐上升。对比CK,Gs在W1、W2和W3条件下分别下降了22.6%、67.9%、88.7%。从无水分胁迫一直到中度水分胁迫条件下,气孔限制是影响光合作用的主要原因,而土壤水分严重胁迫条件下,当PAR小于1000μmol.m-2.s-1时,气孔限制是影响光合作用的主要原因,尔后转变为非气孔限制;(4)叶片水分利用效率(WUE)对光强的适应范围比较广,W3条件下,WUE值最高。CK、W1、W2条件下,WUE相差不大,对比W3,分别下降68.6%、69.5%、67.3%。     

氮磷钾对春茶光合生理及氨基酸组分的影响

【目的】当前为追求茶园高产盲目施肥、滥用化肥造成生态环境破坏的现象较为严重,因此如何合理施肥显得尤为重要,本文通过研究氮、磷、钾不同水平及其配比对春茶净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和水分利用效率(WUE)等光合生理指标和春茶新梢氮、磷、钾含量,氨基酸总量及其组分的影响,为茶园平衡施肥和精准施肥提供理论指导。【方法】采取单因素试验设计,设氮、磷、钾各3个水平及其配比和对照,共14个处理(N1、N2、N3、P1、P2、P3、K1、K2、K3、NP、NK、PK、NPK、CK),在茶树新梢长至1芽3叶时采样,用Li-6400便携式光合测定仪测定茶树的光合生理指标,用氨基酸自动分析仪测定春茶氨基酸总量及组分含量,分别采用凯氏定氮法、钒钼黄比色法和原子吸收分光光度法测定茶树新梢的全氮、全磷和全钾含量。分析不同施肥处理对茶树光合生理指标和春茶氨基酸总量及其组分的影响,并通过逐步回归分析建立Pn与茶树新梢氮、磷、钾含量,Tr、Gs和Ci的回归方程。【结果】NPK处理茶树Pn比CK提高9.70%;P2、P3和NPK处理的Tr显著增加,比CK分别提高10.60%、14.92%、14.25%;NPK处理的Gs显著增加,比CK高23.15%,同时Gs随不同施肥水平表现出与蒸腾速率较一致的趋势,二者的相关性极显著;Ci随氮、磷、钾施用量的增加而上升;WUE随氮、磷、钾施用量的增加而下降。NPK处理的茶树新梢的氮、磷含量较高,相同施肥处理的茶树新梢的磷含量低于氮、钾。逐步回归分析显示,茶树新梢磷含量,Ci和Gs对Pn的直接作用较大,直接通径系数分别为0.3688、-0.8139和0.4677,Pn=12.955+26.624P-0.087Ci+38.233Gs;NPK处理下春茶氨基酸总量及茶氨酸、天冬氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸和胱氨酸等主要氨基酸组分的含量分别比对照提高了27.88%、26.60%、35.78%、35.06%、24.41%和24.41%,与对照差异显著。【结论】新梢磷含量和气孔导度对春茶净光合速率的提高有直接的促进作用,而胞间CO2浓度对净光合速率有一定的消减作用。氮磷钾配施可显著提升茶树新梢叶片的气孔导度并保证茶树新梢中较高的磷含量,从而提高了茶树的净光合速率。氮磷钾肥配施能显著提高春茶氨基酸总量及其组分含量,提高了春茶的品质,表明茶叶中氨基酸总量和茶氨酸等重要组分含量的提高是氮、磷、钾营养共同作用的结果。因此,氮磷钾配合施用可以提高春茶的产量和品质。     

桃光合性能杂种优势的秋季日变化特征

以桃品种“吊枝白”和“霞晖5 号”及其杂交F1 代种苗为试验材料, 研究了桃在秋季的光合性能杂种优势日变化特征。结果表明: 净光合速率(Pn)午间表现正向杂种优势, 蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)全天基本表现负向杂种优势, 而水分利用效率(WUE)则全天基本表现正向杂种优势。相关性分析表明, 杂交F₁ 代种苗的Pn 与Tr、Pn 与Gs、Tr 与Gs 均呈正相关, 其中Pn 与Tr 之间相关性达显著水平(P<0.05); 亲本的Pn 与Tr之间呈显著正相关(P<0.05), Gs 与Pn、WUE 之间呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。灰色关联度分析表明, 影响Pn、Tr和WUE 杂种优势率的主要因素均为大气CO₂ 浓度(Ca)。     

土壤干旱条件下锰肥对夏玉米光合特性的影响

在盆栽条件下进行了土壤干旱时夏玉米施用微量元素锰的试验。通过测定拔节期玉米叶片气孔导度(Cs)、细胞间隙CO2浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、光合速率(Pn)和水分利用效率(WUR)等指标,探讨了干旱胁迫下外源锰对夏玉米光合特性的影响。结果表明,施用锰肥能降低光合作用的气孔限制和非气孔限制,显著提高夏玉米光合能力。锰肥对夏玉米光合作用的影响在土壤干旱时尤为显著。土壤干旱情况下,锰肥可使玉米叶片Cs增加58.11%,Pn和WUR分别增加42.07%和50.00%,从而减轻了土壤干旱对玉米光合作用的抑制。