Optimizing protein quality of mixtures of blood meal, feather meal and bone meal

The protein quality of two- or three-component mixtures of blood meal, feather meal and bone meal was characterized by amino acid scores and rat net protein utilization (NPU) values. A graphic method designed to find optimum levels of the limiting essential amino acids in the mixtures was suitable for predicting the optimum of NPU values determined by feeding rats with diets having 10% crude protein. The protein quality of mixtures of blood meal, feather meal and bone meal showed an optimum if blood meal constituted 60% of the protein content of the mixtures; however, poor feed intake and growth data were obtained.     

鸡肉粉和肉骨粉替代鱼粉对鲤鱼生产性能影响研究

近年来,我国水产养殖以每年近1 0 %的速度递增,进口鱼粉的供应量和价格对水产饲料及水产养殖具有极大的影响。从营养组成和消化率来看,鱼粉属优质动物蛋白质,但世界鱼粉的供应量将日益紧缺,寻求鱼粉替代动物蛋白质是我国水产业未来发展的一个重要研究方向。鸡肉粉和肉骨粉作为动物蛋白质原料,若能在水产饲料中替代鱼粉,将有重大的经济意义。我们通过饲养试验比较进口肉骨粉与鸡肉粉替代不同比例鱼粉对鲤鱼生产性能的影响,同时研究合成AA的添加效果,从而探讨肉骨粉与鸡肉粉替代鱼粉的适宜水平,为生产和科研积累应用资料。1　材料与方法1 1…     

鱼粉市场：预计国内港口货吃紧，进口鱼粉已有利可图

由于受禁捕影响,上周(至4月8日)的鱼获量只有134900MT,正如我们预测,其中大部份(约75200MT)用于生产蒸气鱼粉,而只有51700MT用于生产普通鱼粉。与2000年同期比较鱼获量共少了28%。秘鲁于本月10日已解禁,初步得到的消息,捕鱼获量还算不错。 有利因素 1.国内存货随用量的扩大而在逐步减少,估     

发酵血粉代替豆粕对育肥猪的影响

试验采用单因子试验设计,选用40kg左右的肥育猪40头,随机分成4组,每组5个重复,每个重复2头,分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组)和用发酵血粉分别替代基础日粮中的豆粕50%(试验Ⅰ组)、75%(试验Ⅱ组)和100%(试验Ⅲ组)等4种试粮,进行60d试验。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组的末重与日增重均有显著提高(P<0.05),其中日增重分别提高11.33%和14.34%;与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组料重比显著降低(P<0.05),其它各组差异不显著(P>0.05)。代谢试验表明:与对照组相比,蛋白质的消化率,氮沉积量(g/d)、氮沉积率(g/kgBW0.75)都显著提高(P<0.05)。随着替代的比例增加,经济效益改善呈上升趋势,试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组分别比对照组多赢利23.11%和28.29%。     

棕榈粕和椰子粕在畜牧行业中的应用

<正>近年来,饲料资源短缺,新的替代资源研究已成为行业热点。棕榈粕、椰子粕作为饲料原料在国外畜牧行业已经应用多年,目前其应用技术     

Evaluation of soybean meal, corn gluten meal, blood meal and fish meal as sources of nitrogen and amino acids disappearing from the small intestine of steers

The value of soybean meal (SBM), corn gluten meal (CGM), blood meal (BM) and fish meal (FM) in supplying N and amino acids (AA) escaping ruminal microbial degradation and disappearing from the small intestine (SI) was studied in steers using a regression approach. Replacement of corn starch in diets with protein sources resulted in decreases (P less than .05) in efficiency of microbial protein synthesis. Ruminal ammonia-N (NH3-N) had the greatest increase (P less than .05) when SBM was fed; BM supplementation resulted in only nonsignificant increases in ruminal NH3-N (P greater than .05). Soybean meal had the lowest proportion of N escaping ruminal degradation (.21). Corn gluten meal-N (.86) and BM-N (.92) escaped ruminal degradation to the greatest extent, and FM-N was intermediate (.68). Protein sources followed similar trends in providing absorbable nonbacterial N to the SI. Thirteen (+/- 6.2) percent of SBM-N was absorbed from the SI; 69 (+/- 6.2), 68 (+/- 9.1) and 50 (+/- 10.1)% of CGM-N, BM-N and FM-N, respectively, were absorbed from the SI. Values for ruminal escape and SI availability for individual and total AA are presented. Of the essential AA (EAA), threonine, valine and isoleucine were more resistant to ruminal degradation; methionine, cysteine, histidine and arginine were more extensively degraded than the total AA supply. Of the EAA escaping ruminal degradation, cysteine, histidine and threonine tended to be less digestible, whereas arginine was more digestible in the SI than the total AA supply.     

棉、菜粕市场现状及分析

1经济大环境随着具有158年历史的雷曼兄弟递交破产申请．美国次贷危机引发的金融危机掀起了席卷全球“金融海啸”。在金融行业受到冲击的情况下,也拖累了农副产品、能源等市场,美盘、大连盘等连续多天的跌停板述说了这场金融危机的严重性。金融危机在持续．国内农副产品市场也连连出现问题。“毒奶粉”事件还未平息．鸡蛋里面又发现三聚氰胺化工原料．     

凡纳滨对虾饲料中发酵豆粕替代鱼粉的研究

用0、6.50%、13.00%、19.50%和26.00%发酵豆粕相应替代0(对照组)、16.67%、33.33%、50.00%和66.67%的鱼粉蛋白的实用饲料,喂养体重为(1.82±0.02)g的凡纳滨对虾56d,结果表明,发酵豆粕替代小于33.33%的鱼粉蛋白对凡纳滨对虾生长性能和饲料利用率无显著影响,过高的替代水平会降低对虾的生长性能和饲料利用率;饲料中发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对虾体水分、蛋白和灰分含量影响不显著,对脂肪含量有显著影响,但当发酵豆粕替代鱼粉蛋白50.00%以上,随着发酵豆粕替代量的增加而脂肪含量则显著降低。     

鱼粉市场分析

鱼粉市场消息:秘鲁FAQ鱼粉无存货,蒸气鱼粉继续被迫高,国内价格仍稳中趋升。5.28～6.3这一周,秘鲁捕鱼相当不错,总共捕获38.56万t。由于鱼捕主要集中在CHIMBOTE一带(15.87万t),而CHIMBOTE主要为FAQ鱼粉厂,所以这周普通鱼粉产量不错(约5万t),而蒸气鱼粉也有2.5万t。这周主要FAQ买家为欧洲(FAQ成交已到USD415以上),而日本主要买蒸气鱼粉(最好品质已成交到USD560以上)。     

Evaluation of meat meal, chicken meal, and corn gluten meal as dietary sources of protein in dry cat food

The nutritional value of meat meal (MM), chicken meal (CM), and corn gluten meal (CGM) as dietary sources of protein in dry food formulated for adult cats was evaluated. Twelve healthy adult cats (11 males and 1 female) were used. Dry diets containing MM, CM, or CGM as the main protein source were given for a 3-week period in a 3 x 3 Latin-square design. Digestion and balance experiments were conducted during the last 7 d of each period. In addition, freshly voided urine was taken to determine urinary pH and number of struvite crystals. As compared with the CM diet, dry-matter digestibility was higher and lower for the MM and CGM groups, respectively. Percentages of nitrogen (N) absorption and N retention to N intake were higher in the MM group, and N utilization was not different between the CM group and the CGM group. All cats excreted alkaline urine (pH > 7). Urinary pH, struvite activity product, and number of struvite crystals in urine were lower for the CGM group. There was no difference in retention of calcium and magnesium among the groups. From the point of view of digestibility and N utilization, MM is superior to CGM, and CM is better than or equivalent to CGM as a protein source of dry foods for adult cats. However, when CM is used as a dietary protein source, some manipulation of dietary base excess may be needed to control urinary acid-base balance, because CM contains higher calcium and phosphorus.     

水解羽毛粉替代豆粕饲喂生长猪的效果研究

选用20kg左右的DLY生长猪64头,随机分为4个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复4头,分别饲喂基础日粮、添加2%、4%、6%水解羽毛粉（等蛋白替代豆粕）的日粮。结果表明,随着试验日粮中水解羽毛粉添加量的提高,试验猪的日采食量和日增重降低,而料肉比上升,并且6%处理组差异达到显著（P〈0.05）;各处理组的干物质表观消化率、蛋白质表观消化率和有机物表观消化率均差异不显著（P〉0.05）,而氮的表观生物学价值和净蛋白利用率随着水解羽毛粉添加量的提高明显降低,并且6%处理组的净蛋白利用率显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）和2%处理组（P〈0.05）;2%处理组的单位增重饲料成本较对照组降低0.20元/kg。     

发酵棉粕替代豆粕饲喂猪试验

应用发酵棉粕、棉粕在猪的全价饲料中替代50%的豆粕,对仔猪、生长猪和育肥猪进行饲养试验,其结果表明发酵棉粕各试验组与豆粕对照组相比,对猪的生长、健康和饲料利用率无明显差异,而未经发酵的棉粕以同样的量替代豆粕,猪的生长速度和饲料利用率明显低于发酵棉粕组和豆粕组。     

Net energy of corn,soybean meal and rapeseed meal in growing pigs

Background: Two experiments were conducted to estimate the net energy(NE) of corn, soybean meal, expel er-pressed rapeseed meal(EP-RSM) and solvent-extracted rapeseed meal(SE-RSM) using indirect calorimetry and to validate the NE of these four ingredients using pig growth performance.Methods: In Exp.1, 24 barrows(initial BW = 36.4 ± 1.6 kg) were allotted to 1 of 4 diets which included a corn basal diet,a corn-soybean meal basal diet and two rapeseed meal diets containing 20% EP-RSM(9.5% ether extract) or SE-RSM(1.1% ether extract) substituted for corn and soybean meal. The design allowed the calculation of NE values of corn,soybean meal and rapeseed meals according to the difference method. In Exp.2, 175 growing pigs(initial BW = 36.0± 5.2 kg) were fed 1 of 5 diets for 28 d, with five pigs per pen and seven replications(pens) per treatment in order to validate the measured energy values. Diets were a corn-soybean meal diet and four diets including 10% or 20% EP-RSM and 10% or 20% SE-RSM.Results: The NE of corn, soybean meal, EP-RSM and SE-RSM were 12.46, 11.34, 11.71 and 8.83 MJ/kg DM, respectively. The NE to ME ratio of corn(78%) was similar to tabular values, however, the NE to ME ratios of soybean meal(70%) and rapeseed meal(76%) were greater than tabular values. The greater NE value in EP-RSM than in SE-RSM is consistent with its higher EE content. Increasing EP-RSM or SE-RSM did not affect the growth performance of pigs and the caloric efficiency of NE was comparable for al diets.Conclusions: The NE of EP-RSM was similar to soybean meal, and both were greater than SE-RSM. The DE, ME and NE values measured in Exp.1 are confirmed by results of Exp. 2 with comparable caloric efficiencies of DE, ME or NE for all diets.     

Effect of ammoniation of rapeseed meal on the sinapine content of the meal

1. Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of ammoni‐ation of rapeseed meal on its sinapine content.

2. In the first experiment, five samples of a low‐glucosinolate meal (produced from Regent, Candle or Tower cultivars) and one sample of a high‐glucosinolate meal were eluted by one passage of ethanol ammoniated to concentrations of 0.2, 0.5 or 1.0 M NH₃ at the ratio of 2 1 ammoniated ethanol/kg meal. Elution with 1.0M ammoniated ethanol decreased the sinapine content of the meals by as much as 80%.

3. In the second experiment, four low‐glucosinolate meals (from Candle cultivar) from a pilot processing plant were used. Two of the meals were obtained by sparging during desolventising with or without anhydrous ammonia (50 g anhydrous ammonia/kg meal) and two of the meals were produced by sparging during desolventising with or without hydrous ammonia (50 g anhydrous ammonia and 50 g steam/kg meal). Ammonia with steam caused the greatest decrease (65%) in sinapine content.

4. Total glucosinolate and 5‐vinyl‐2‐oxazolidinethione concentrations in the meals were also decreased (17 to 35%) by the ammoniation treatments in experiment 2.     

豆粕和发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对卵形鲳鲹摄食生长的影响

以初始平均体重为(112.21±0.73)g的卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus Linnaeus)为研究对象,进行为期70d的摄食生长试验,研究不同添加水平的发酵豆粕和不发酵豆粕对卵形鲳鲹摄食生长的影响。试验共配制8种等氮等能的饲料,其中以全鱼粉饲料为对照组(饲料1);豆粕取代饲料主要以鱼粉和豆粕为蛋白源,其中,发酵豆粕分别替代17.6%、31.4%、45.1%和60.8%的鱼粉蛋白(饲料2～5),普通豆粕蛋白分别替代17.6%、31.4%和45.1%的鱼粉蛋白(饲料6～8)。结果表明,饲料中不同水平的豆粕替代量对卵形鲳鲹的成活率和摄食无显著影响(P0.05),但当豆粕蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白达到45.1%时,会显著降低卵形鲳鲹的特定生长率、饲料转化率和蛋白质效率(P0.05)。饲料中用发酵豆粕蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白达到60.8%时,也显著降低卵形鲳鲹的增重率、饲料利用率(P0.05)。但是与豆粕替代组相比,在45.1%的鱼粉蛋白替代水平下,发酵豆粕组的增重率和饲料利用率显著高于普通豆粕替代组(P0.05)。     

Rapeseed meal and egg taint: Treatment of rapeseed meal to reduce tainting potential

1. Treatment of rapeseed meal with calcium hydroxide suspension decreased the sinapine content by up to 90%. Smaller decreases were obtained by autolysis, steaming and treatment with ammonia.

2. When this treated meal was fed to susceptible ("tainting") hens the concentration of trimethylamine in the eggs was decreased to much less than that required to cause taint.     

肉鸡日粮中使用血球蛋白替代鱼粉的研究

喷雾干燥血球蛋白粉 (以下简称血球蛋白 )以其高消化率 ,高蛋白质含量 ,在水产动物及仔猪、母猪饲料中得到广泛应用 ,但目前在国内尚少用于禽料生产。本试验主要探讨不同水平血球蛋白替代鱼粉对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响。1　材料与方法1 1　试验动物和分组　选 1日龄AA雏鸡 30 0只 ,随机分为 3组 ,每组 1 0 0只。1 2　日粮处理　各组两阶段基础日粮水平相同 ,对照组日粮加 4 %鱼粉 ,试验 1组加 2 %鱼粉 +1 2 5 %血球蛋白 ,试验 2组加 2 5 %血球蛋白 ,鱼粉选用进口优质红鱼粉 ,含粗蛋白质 62 % ;血球蛋白 (NP - 90 )由武汉恩彼生物科技有…     

The nutritive value of fish meal, meat-and-bone meal and field bean meal as measured by digestibility experiments on the adult colostomised fowl

Digestibility experiments were carried out, using colostomised hens fed semi‐synthetic diets containing fish meal, meat‐and‐bone meal or field bean meal as the sole source of protein. A “nitrogen‐free” diet was fed to one group of three birds.

Metabolic faecal nitrogen (MFN) output of birds consuming about 75 g dry matter/d was 106 mg/d. The amino acid composition of the MFN was determined. Endogenous urinary nitrogen output (one result) was 0.80 mg Wg0–75/d.

The true digestibilities of the crude protein of fish meal, meat‐and‐bone meal and field bean meal were respectively 89, 69 and 83 per cent. Digestibility coefficients of individual amino acids were also determined and it was found that the amino acids were not equally digestible. However, for each protein source most of the coefficients fell within a range of + 5 per cent of the mean.

The metabolisable energy content of the fish meal was 2645 kcal/kg, meat‐and‐bone meal 1988 kcal/kg and field beans 2910 kcal/kg.