大肠杆菌O157:H7菌毛分子伴侣基因的克隆与表达

根据Genebank中已登录的大肠杆菌O157:H7菌株EDL933基因序列中茵毛分子伴侣ycbR基因序列设计1对引物,并分别在其5'端分别加入Neo I、Xho I酶切位点,以大肠杆菌O157:H7国内分离株97094的DNA为模板,用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增出710 bp的DNA片段.回收并纯化该DNA片段,用限制性核酸内切酶Nco I、Xho I同时消化DNA片段和双酶切栽体质粒pET28a(+).将它们回收纯化并连接,然后转化到宿主菌大肠杆菌DH5a,从该菌中提取重组质粒,用PCR、限制性内切酶位点分析及核苷酸序列测定法对克隆的重组质粒进行鉴定,表明ycbR基因定向克隆到了载体质粒pET28a(+).再将重组质粒转化到表达宿主菌大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),在含Kan抗生素LB培养基中经IPTG诱导12～16 h,做SDS-PAGE分析,表明ycbR基因在菌株中获得高效表达,表达蛋白相对分子质量大小约为30 000,与预期结果一致.为研究大肠杆菌ycbR基因产物的功能和致病作用奠定了基础.     

Amplification of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences for the identification of streptococci of Lancefield group B.

The 16S r RNA gene of 49 streptococci of serological group B isolated from various origins was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequently digested with the restriction enzymes Rsa I and Msp I. The restriction profiles of all group B streptococci appeared to be identical indicating no intraspecies sequence variations of this gene. A fragment of the gene of two group B-streptococcal reference strains, including the hypervariable V2 region, could be amplified by PCR and sequenced. The sequence appeared to be identical and allowed the design of species-specific oligonucleotide primers. The primer pair used produced an amplicon with a size of 1250 bp and correctly identified all 49 group B-streptococci investigated but none of the control strains of various species and serogroups. This primer could be used in a multiplex PCR and allowed a rapid identification of bacteria of this species.     

Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method for identifying carriers of hemophilia A in Japanese brown cattle

Hemophilia A is a severe congenital bleeding disorder characterized by subcutaneous hematoma and hemorrhage into muscles resulting from a deficiency of blood coagulation factor VIII. The authors have recently reported two cases of hemophilia A in Japanese Brown cattle and identified a nucleotide substitution in the factor VIII gene, resulting in an amino acid substitution of Leu to His, as a possible cause of the deficiency. In the present study, a simple and effective polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based diagnostic method was developed to identify carriers of this disorder, using a mismatch primer in combination with restriction enzyme digestion. The PCR reaction amplified a 118 bp fragment, which was not digested by the BspT104I restriction enzyme in affected animals but was digested into two fragments in normal animals. Both digested and undigested fragments were observed in carrier animals. This method was applied to identify the carriers of hemophilia A in a population of Japanese Brown cattle. By screening 155 DNA samples from Japanese Brown cattle, except for the dam of the two probands, no carriers were identified. It was therefore concluded that the probands represent isolated cases of hemophilia A, and that the frequency of the mutant allele in the Japanese Brown cattle population is very low.     

Determination of intraspecies variations of the V2 region of the 16S rRNA gene of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus

The 16S rRNA gene of 39 S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus strains and two S. equi subsp. equi strains was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and subsequently digested with the restriction enzyme Hinc II. A restriction profile with two fragments with sizes of 1250 bp and 200 bp could be observed for both S. equi subsp. equi strains and for 30 of the 39 S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus strains indicating a sequence variation within the V2 region of the 16S rRNA gene of the remaining nine S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus isolates. A segment of the 16S rRNA gene including the hypervariable V2 region of 11 S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus and two S. equi subsp. equi could be amplified by PCR and sequenced. The sequence of the V2 region of eight S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus strains appeared to be identical or almost identical to the sequence of the two S. equi subsp. equi strains. The sequence of the remaining three S equi subsp. zooepidemicus strains differed significantly from the sequence of S. equi subsp. equi. These differences allowed a division of S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus strains into two 16S rRNA types and might possibly have consequences for the taxonomic position of these phenotypically indistinguishable strains of one subspecies. A molecular typing could additionally be performed by amplification of the gene encoding the 16S-23S rRNA spacer region. A single amplicon of the spacer gene of 1100 bp could be observed for one S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus, an amplicon of 950 bp for two S. equi subsp. equi strains and 10 S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus strains, a amplicon of 780 bp for 27 S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus strains and a single amplicon of 600 bp for one S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus strain. The variations of the V2 region of the 16S rRNA gene and the size variations of the 16S-23S rRNA spacer gene were not related to each other. Both variations could be used for molecular typing of this species, possibly useful in epidemiological aspects.     

Examination of meat components in commercial dog and cat feed by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLPs) technique

It has been shown that certain slow neurological diseases such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (also known as "mad cow" disease) could be transmitted through contaminated food intake by animals; therefore, the examination of meat components in commercial feeds is important for the control of the disease in public health. The combination of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLPs) technique was applied to examine the meat components in dog and cat commercial feeds. The partial nucleotide sequence (359 bp) of animal mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb, CYT) gene was amplified by PCR and then digested with restriction enzyme Alu I or Mbo I. In this work, eight brands of commercial dog and cat feeds available in Taiwan were examined. All brands of dog feeds that were tested contained meat from four different animals (cattle, pig, goat and chicken). In cat feeds, the chicken meat was found in five out of eight brands.     

Differentiation of infectious bursal disease viruses by restriction enzyme analysis of RT-PCR amplified VP1 gene sequence

In order to differentiate infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) isolates/strains, a quick method of RT-PCR followed by restriction enzyme analysis of VP1 gene sequence is being reported for the first time. A 480 bp fragment, comprising one of the RNA dependent RNA polymerase motifs of VP1 gene sequence of an Indian classical virus, an attenuated vaccine strain, Georgia and two Indian field isolates, genetically similar to reported very virulent strains of IBDV, was amplified by RT-PCR. Restriction enzyme digestion of PCR products with Taq1 enzyme generated distinct profile for field isolates, different from the classical and attenuated viruses, whereas restriction profile with BstNI restriction enzyme was similar in all the viruses, irrespective of the pathotype. Therefore, the present results suggest that Taq1 digestion can be taken up for the differentiation of field isolates from the classical and vaccine strains. The sequence analysis of VPI gene of reported very virulent IBD viruses from Europe and Japan, using 'MapDraw' programme of Lasergene software, revealed similar restriction enzyme profile as in Indian field isolates.     

区别鹅细小病毒和番鸭细小病毒的PCR-RFLP方法的建立

根据GenBank登录的鹅细小病毒（GPV）和番鸭细小病毒（MDPV）非结构蛋白（NS）基因特征,本研究设计1对特异性引物对GPV和MDPV基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,目的片段大小均为810 bp,并对PCR产物进行切胶回收。用EcoRⅠ酶对GPV和MDPV特异性胶回收产物进行酶切鉴定,结果显示MDPV经EcoRⅠ酶切后琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测片段为2段,大小为530和280 bp;而GPV经EcoRⅠ酶切后琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测片段大小不变。本研究建立了一种快速区别GPV和MDPV感染的检测方法,可对番鸭感染水禽细小病毒的情况进行快速鉴别诊断。     

鸽痘病毒TK基因的扩增、克隆及序列分析

根据3个鸡痘病毒株的TK基因序列,借助基因分析软件设计合成了引物H1 、H2一。对PPV地方分离弱毒株PPVR的3个型PPVD(大)、PPVZ(中)、PPVX(小)和强毒株PPVY及鸽痘病毒疫苗株VVG、鸡痘病毒疫苗株VVJ进行TK基因的PCR,均成功地扩增出预期大小的目的片段。对PCR产物用限制性内切酶NcoI进行酶切分析,结果酶切产物得到两条条带,大小分别为628 bp和732 bp,与3个已发表的TK基因分析结果一致。分别将6个禽痘病毒TK基因克隆至pGEM-T Easy载体中,重组质粒经PCR和酶切鉴定后,进行测序。结果表明,本试验获得的TK基因长1 360 bp,存在一个NcoI酶切位点,两个XbaI酶切位点。序列分析表明:PPVD和PPVX同VVG和VVJ的TK基因同源性为100％;在TK基因的编码区内PPVY有一个碱基与其它毒株不同;各毒株TK基因的侧翼都存在15 bp的正向重复序列和8 bp的倒转重复序列;PPVD、PPVX和PPVZ虽然来源于同一个毒株,但TK基因存在差异。     

布鲁菌外膜蛋白OMP10表达及其抗原性的研究

设计1对特异性引物对羊布鲁菌16M总DNA进行外膜蛋白omp10的PCR扩增,得到了一个大小为330 bp的目的基因片段(去掉17个氨基酸编码的信号肽),测序证实它与国外报道的羊布鲁菌omp10基因完全一致.将其克隆到表达载体PET-30a中,经酶切、PCR扩增和测序分析,表明重组表达载体构建成功.将此重组质粒转化入大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)中,IPTG诱导表达,该基因以包涵体的形式在大肠埃希菌中表达,经过包涵体的变性、复性和亲和层析纯化,成功获得大小为14.2 ku的融合蛋白,与理论推测的蛋白分子质量一致;Western blot和间接ELISA试验证明,纯化之后的OMP10重组蛋白可以被布鲁菌阳性血清识别.     

Specific identification of Pasteurella multocida serogroup-A isolates by PCR assay

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the hyaC-hyaD gene was developed and used to identify strains of Pasteurella multocida belonging to serogroup-A. A set of serogroup-specific-PCR primers amplified a 564 bp product from genomic DNA prepared from bacterial cells or directly from bacterial colonies. This method detected as low as 10 ng of bacterial DNA and had a specificity of 100% for P. multocida serogroup-A. A nested PCR method yielded a single 374 bp product. All fifty isolates were also shown to be identical by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the PCR products after digestion with BglII.     

Use of restriction fragment length polymorphism, immunoblotting, and polymerase chain reaction in the differentiation of avian poxviruses.

Restriction deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragment profile analysis coupled with immunogenic protein profile analysis has provided useful information in determining the differences between vaccine strains and field isolates of fowlpox virus (FPV). The DNA of strains examined in this study clearly fell into 3 minor groups of restriction patterns similar but distinct from one another: restriction patterns exhibited by the vaccine strains except 1 vaccine strain, Vac-82; restriction profiles indicated by Vac-82 and field isolates FI-38 and FI-42; and restriction patterns indicated by field isolates FI-43, FI-51, FI-54, and FI-56. Furthermore, when the strains were analyzed and compared by immunoblotting analysis, they showed group differences similar to the differences in restriction profiles. Both techniques provided high sensitivity in verifying differences between vaccine strains and field isolates of FPV. The disparity found in restriction fragments or immunogenic protein profile between vaccine strains and field isolates does not exclude the appreciable high degree of DNA sequence conservation and homology. However, the minor disparity observed in these strains suggests a molecular basis for why vaccinated commercial flocks could have continually been infected by variant strains of FPV. A rapid and sensitive polymerase chain reaction method, which amplified a product from the 4b core protein gene of the FPV genome, was developed for identification and differentiation of members of the genus Avipoxvirus. Whereas total DNA from either vaccine strains or field isolates was used as template for amplifying a predicted product of 578 or 1409 bp, only cleavage of the amplified product (1409 bp) represented an additional detection technique for species differentiation. An attempt to distinguish between strains on the basis of amplification product was partially successful.     

传染性支气管炎病毒纤突蛋白S1基因的T/A载体克隆策略

参考Genbank收录的IBV纤突蛋白 (S1)基因序列 ,自行设计合成一对引物 ,对传染性支气管炎病毒 (IBV)江苏省地方分离毒株 (JS/95/0 3)RNA进行RT PCR扩增 ,产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析 ,呈现一条 1716bp的条带 ,将其克隆入T/A质粒pMD18 T载体中 ,转化大肠杆菌JM10 9,挑选阳性克隆 ,用质粒少量提取法提取重组质粒 ,用EcoRⅠ和HindⅢ双酶切对重组克隆质粒进行鉴定 ,然后进行序列测定 ,证实为S1基因。将此重组质粒命名为pMDJS950 3S。     

羊流产衣原体主要外膜蛋白基因的克隆与序列分析

将自行分离、传代培养的内蒙古地区山羊流产衣原体按常规方法分离纯化，提取衣原体基因组DNA作为模板，按照国外发表的衣原体主要外膜蛋白（MOMP）基因两端序列设计合成一对引物，用PCR方法扩增出－1.17Kb的DNA片段。利用引物上预先设计的限制性内切酶位点，将扩增片段经限制性内切酶切割后连接到pUC19质粒相应位点上，转化大肠杆菌DH5α，筛选重组子。经PCR检测和内切酶分析鉴定含MOMP基因的重组子质粒。对克隆处段进行全序列分析，结果证明得到MOMP全编码序列的基因克隆。本株衣原体MOMP编码区由1170个核苷酸组成。序列比较发现本株衣原体的MOMP基因与国外的羊流产衣原体S26／3株的MOMP基因完全相同，与B577株的MOMP基因仅有一个核苷酸的同义变异。     

犬新孢子虫NcSRS2基因真核表达质粒的构建

根据犬新孢子虫NcSRS2基因序列，设计了1对含有Kozak序列、PstⅠ和XbaⅠ酶切位点的引物，以含有NcSRS2基因的质粒P43为模板，经PCR扩增获得NcSRS2 ORF基因片段，用PstⅠ和XbaⅠ双酶切该片段，回收得到含有以上2个酶切位点黏端的NcSR2 ORF基因，将此基因片段克隆至相同酶切回收后的pcDNA3．1（＋）真核表达载体中，获得重组质粒pcNCSRS2。经PCR鉴定、限制性内切酶分析和克隆片段序列测定、比较，证实了重组质粒的正确性。     

RT-PCR检测禽传染性支气管炎病毒

用２对已发表的引物和１对自行设计的引物对同一禽传染性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ）Ｈ１２０株进行ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ,分别获得了Ｓ１基因上与引物设计相一致的１７２０、２２８、６０２ｂｐ的扩增片段。用自行设计的引物对７个毒株（Ｈ１２０、Ｈ５２、Ｍ４１、Ｃｏｎｎ、Ｇｒａｙ、Ｔ、Ｈｏｌｔｅ）和５个分离株（宜毒、上毒、云毒、ＨＫ、１１８）的含毒尿囊液或纯化病毒进行ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ,结果除Ｈｏｌｔｅ株和２个分离株（宜毒、云毒）外,其余均成功地扩增出６００ｂｐ的片段。用１．７、０．２、０．６ｋｂ３对引物对６个ＩＢＶ毒株和６个分离株的含毒尿囊液在相同和不同条件下进行ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ,结果３对引物分别扩增出３、５、９株ＩＢＶ,同时可将不同血清型的１２个ＩＢＶ株分成６种基因型。将ＩＢＶ分离株ＨＫ与标准株Ｍ４１经ＰＣＲ扩增、ＨａｅⅢ和Ｈｉｎｄ酶切、ＲＦＬＰ分析,表明属同一马萨诸塞血清型。３株ＩＢＶ（Ｈ１２０,ＨＫ,Ｍ４１）在鸡胚中繁殖,ＰＣＲ最早检出的时间为２０～２４ｈ。ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ提供了直接从尿囊液和感染鸡组织中快速检测病毒的新方法。     

西门塔尔牛肌肉生成抑制素基因编码序列的克隆与序列分析

本研究根据Genbank中牛肌肉生成抑制素基因序列设计引物，在设计的引物两端分别加上限制性内切酶BarnHI和EcoRI的识别位点序列。利用RT—PCR技术从西门塔尔牛肌肉组织的总RNA中扩增出MSTN基因的CDNA序列，扩增出1125bp片段，该片段与pMD18-T载体连接，转化JM109感受态细胞，所得阳性克隆进行酶切和PCR鉴定，并进行了测序分析，得到的克隆序列与设计的序列基本一致，表明成功地克隆了西门塔尔牛的肌肉生成抑制素基因的蛋白编码序列。     

六盘山肉牛杂交改良群体Pit-1基因多态性分析

本试验旨在对宁夏六盘山区肉牛杂交改良群体垂体特异性转录因子1(Pit-1)基因的多态性进行研究,为其杂交改良提供理论基础。采用聚合酶链式反应—限制性片段长度多态性方法（PCR-RFLP）,对该群体101个个体Pit-1基因多态性进行检测。结果表明,扩增出的451 bp片段为目的基因片段,其PCR产物经限制性内切酶HinfⅠ消化后表现出多态性,共检测到AA、BB和AB 3种基因型。其中AA基因型频率6.93%（7个）;AB基因型频率34.65%（35个）;BB型基因型频率58.42%（59个）,等位基因A频率24.26%;等位基因B频率75.74%。因此,宁夏六盘山地区的肉牛杂交改良群体Pit-1基因具有多态性。     

Prevalence of coagulase gene polymorphism in Staphylococcus aureus isolates causing bovine mastitis.

This study was conducted to investigate polymorphism of the coagulase gene of Staphylococcus aureus causing bovine mastitis. One hundred eighty-seven strains of S. aureus were isolated from bovine mastitic milk samples obtained from 187 different Danish dairy farms. The isolates were characterised for restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the coagulase gene. A variable region of the coagulase gene was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by AluI restriction enzyme digestion. A total of 15 different RFLP patterns were observed. The predominant pattern was found in 35% of the isolates. The ease of analysing coagulase gene polymorphisms among a large number of strains, and the multiple distinct polymorphic patterns generated, supports the use of this technique in epidemiological investigations of bovine mastitis. The predominating variants may have predelection for causing intramammary infections.     

牦牛病毒性腹泻病毒E1基因的克隆及生物信息学分析

参考GenBank中发表的BVDV毒株的基因组序列设计2对引物,利用套式RT-PCR方法首次成功克隆牦牛体内分离鉴定出的牛病毒性腹泻病毒E1基因,并扩增出预期的585 bp目的片段。将扩增产物克隆至pMD18-T Vector,经质粒PCR鉴定及酶切鉴定获得阳性重组质粒并进行测序。测序结果经BLAST同源性比较分析,克隆得到的E1基因与Osloss株同源性最高,但核苷酸同源性仅为73.3%,推导氨基酸同源性仅为82.6%,表明牦牛病毒性腹泻病毒存在较大的基因突变。这可能是该病毒为适应牦牛这种特有生物体和牦牛所生活的高原生态环境的结果,或该病毒也可能具有独立的遗传衍化来源。