Genetic Identification of a New Small Grain Dwarf Gene in Rice

The plant material used in the study was rice line 162d, a new small grain dwarf mutant. Polymorphic analysis of 221 SSR loci demonstrated that 162d derived from a semidwarf variety Shuhui 162 through mutation, and 162d and Shuhui 162 were just a pair of near isogenic lines. Genetic analysis of Fl and F2 populations suggested that dwarfism in 162d was controlled by a single recessive gene. Phenotypic characteristics of the mutant gene were that plant height was about a quarter of normal height, grain size about a quarter of normal size, leaf was short and broad, and seed setting rate was very low,compared with the near isogenic line Shuhui 162. The mutant gene was sensitive to gibberellin (GA3) treatment and did not located on the region near the centromere of rice chromosome 5, where dl gene located. Therefore, it was concluded that the mutant gene of 162d was a new small grain dwarf gene in rice.     

Genetic Identification of a New Small Grain Dwarf Gene in Rice

The plant material used in the study was rice line 162d, a new small grain dwarf mutant. Polymorphic analysis of 221 SSR loci demonstrated that 162d derived from a semidwarf variety Shuhui 162 through mutation, and 162d and Shuhui 162 were just a pair of near isogenic lines. Genetic analysis of F1 and F2 populations suggested that dwarfism in 162d was controlled by a single recessive gene. phenotypic characteristics of the mutant gene were that plant height was about a quarter of normal height, grain size about a quarter of normal size, leaf was short and broad, and seed setting rate was very low, compared with the near isogenic line Shuhui 162. The mutant gene was sensitive to gibberellin (GA3) treatment and did not located on the region near the centromere of rice chromosome 5, where d1 gene located. Therefore, it was concluded that the mutant gene of 162d was a new small grain dwarf gene in rice.     

Detection of QTL for Cold Tolerance at Bud Bursting Stage Using Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines in Rice (Oryza sativa)

The cold tolerance at the bud bursting stage (CTB) was evaluated at 5°C by using a set of 95 chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) derived from an indica rice 9311 and a japonica rice Nipponbare with a genetic background of 9311. The result showed that six CSSLs had slightly stronger effect on CTB than 9311. Total four quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for CTB were preliminary mapped on chromosomes 5 and 7 by substitution mapping. qCTB-5-1, qCTB-5-2 and qCTB-5-3 were mapped in the region of RM267-RM1237, RM2422-RM6054 and RM3321-RM1054, which were 21.3 cM, 27.4 cM and 12.7 cM in genetic distance on rice chromosome 5, respectively. qCTB-7 was mapped in a 6.8-cM region of RM11-RM2752 on rice chromosome 7.     

Marker-assisted Selection of ZmC4Ppc in Rice Breeding and Yield Trait Performances of Advanced Lines

The full-length of intact Zea mays gene for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene (ZmC4Ppc) is 6 781 bp. The products of PCR for this gene were not clear with poor repeatability, resulting in that it was difficult for marker-assisted selection (MAS) both in rice and maize. For selecting the markers for MAS, sequences presented only in maize rather than in rice were identified by BLAST, and used for primer design using Primer Premier 5.0. A pair of specific primer termed MRpc (Forward: 5' AAGCAGGGAAGCGAGACG 3', Reverse: 5' GATTGCCGCCAGCAGTAG 3') was used for selection of transformed rice, and ZmC4Ppc could be highly and constitutively expressed at each tested developmental stages in the transformed rice selected by using MRpc. Thus, MRpc was used for MAS of progenies carrying ZmC4Ppc gene in rice and some restorer lines with ZmC4Ppc (e.g. FPM881) derived from ZmC4Ppc-transformed Kitaake backcrossed with a restorer line Shuhui 881 were obtained. The analyses on genetic background, PEPCase activity, net photosynthetic rate, general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) of FPM881 showed that similarity of genetic background reached above 95%, the PEPCase and net photosynthetic rate were higher than those of the control, and some of the progenies carrying ZmC4Ppc gene had better GCA and SCA for grain yield per plant, number of panicles per plant, and 1000-grain weight than those of the control. This suggested that the introduction of maize ZmC4Ppc gene via MAS and its stable expression could increase grain yield of rice and would likely provide a pathway for rice varietal improvement.     

Genetic Analysis and Gene Mapping of Multi-tiller and Dwarf Mutant d63 in Rice

A spontaneous mutation,tentatively named d63,was derived from the twin-seedling progenies of rice crossed by diploid SARIII and Minghui 63.Compared with wild-type plants,the d63 mutant showed multiple abnormal phenotypes,such as dwarfism,more tillers,smaller flag leaf and reduced seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight.In this study,two F 2 populations were developed by crossing between d63 and Nipponbare,d63 and 93-11.Genetic analysis indicated that d63 was controlled by a single recessive gene,which was located on the short arm of chromosome 8,within the genetic distance of 0.40 cM from RM22195.Hence,D63 might be a new gene as there are no dwarf genes reported on the short arm of chromosome 8.     

Mapping of qTGW1.1,a Quantitative Trait Locus for 1000-Grain Weight in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

1000-grain weight(TGW) is one of the three component traits of the grain yield in rice(Oryza sativa L). This study was conducted to validate and fine-map qT GW1.1, a minor QTL for TGW which was previously located in a 3.7-Mb region on the long arm of rice chromosome 1. Five sets of near isogenic lines(NILs) were developed from two BC2F4 populations of the indica rice cross Zhenshan 973/Milyang 46.The NIL sets consisted of two homozygous genotypic groups differing in the regions RM11448-RM11522,RM11448- RM11549, RM1232- RM11615, RM11543-RM11554 and RM11569-RM11621, respectively. Four traits, including TGW, grain length, grain width and heading date, were measured. Phenotypic difference between the two genotypic groups in each NIL population was analyzed using SAS procedure GLM.Significant QTL effects were detected on TGW with the Zhenshan 97 allele increasing grain weight by0.12 g to 0.14 g and explaining 8.30% to 15.19% of the phenotypic variance. Significant effects were also observed for grain length and width, whereas no significant effect was found for heading date. Based on comparison among the five NILs on the segregating regions and the results of QTL analysis, qT GW1.1was delimited to a 376.9-kb region flanked by DNA markers Wn28382 and RM11554. Our results indicate that the effects of minor QTLs could be steadily detected in a highly isogenic background and suggest that such QTLs could be utilized in the breeding of high-yielding rice varieties.     

Genetic Analysis and QTL Mapping of Large Flag Leaf Angle Trait in Japonica Rice

Genetic segregation analysis for flag leaf angle was conducted using six generations of P1,P2,F1,B1,B2 and F2 derived from a cross of 863B(a maintainer line of japonica rice) and A7444(a germplasm with large flag leaf angle).Genotypes and phenotypes of flag leaf angle were investigated in 863B(P1),A7444(P2) and 141 plants in BC1F1(863B/A7444$$$$863B) population.An SSR genetic linkage map was constructed and QTLs for flag leaf angle were detected.The genetic map containing 79 information loci was constructed,which covers a total distance of 441.6 cM,averaging 5.6 cM between two neighboring loci.Results showed that the trait was controlled by two major genes plus polygene and the major genes were more important.Fifteen markers showed highly significant correlations with flag leaf angle based on single marker regression analysis.Two QTLs(qFLA2 and qFLA8) for flag leaf angle were detected by both composite interval method in software WinQTLCart 2.5 and composite interval method based on mixed linear model in QTL Network 2.0.The qFLA2 explained 10.50% and 13.28% of phenotypic variation,respectively,and was located at the interval of RM300 and RM145 on the short arm of chromosome 2.The qFLA8 explained 9.59% and 7.64% of phenotypic variation,respectively,and was located at the interval flanking RM6215 and RM8265 on the long arm of chromosome 8.The positive alleles at the two QTLs were both contributed from A7444.     

Molecular Markers and Candidate Genes for Thermo-Sensitive Genic Male Sterile in Rice

The discovery of thermo-sensitive genic male sterility(TGMS) has led to development of a simple and highly efficient two-line breeding system. In this study, genetic analysis was conducted using three F_2 populations derived from crosses between IR68301 S, an indica TGMS rice line, and IR14632(tropical japonica), Supanburi 91062(indica) and IR67966-188-2-2-1(tropical japonica), respectively.Approximately 1:3 ratio between sterile and normal pollen of F_2 plants from the three populations revealed that TGMS is controlled by a single recessive gene. Bulked segregant analysis using simple sequence repeat(SSR) and insertion-deletion(InDel) markers were used to identify markers linked to the tms gene. The linkage analysis based on the three populations indicated that the tms locus was located on chromosome 2 covering the same area. Using IR68301S × IR14632 F_2 population, the results showed that the tms locus was located between SSR marker RM12676 and InDel marker 2gAP0050058. The genetic distance from the tms gene to these two flanking markers were 1.10 and 0.82 cM, respectively.InDel marker 2gAP004045 located between these two markers showed complete co-segregation with the TGMS phenotype. In addition, InDel marker vf0206114052 showed 2.94 cM linked to the tms gene using F_2 populations of IR68301S × Supanburi 91062. These markers are useful tool for developing new TGMS lines by marker-assisted selection. There were ten genes located between the two flanking markers RM12676 and 2gAP0050058. Using quantitative real-time PCR for expression analysis, 7 of the 10 genes showed expression in panicles, and response to temperatures. These genes could be the candidate gene controlling TGMS in IR68301S.     

ISSR Analysis on Genetic Diversity of the 34 Populations of Oryza meyeriana Distributing in Yunnan Province,China

The genetic diversity of the 34 populations of wild rice Oryza meyeriana Baill. distributed in Yunnan Province, China was analyzed using 13 inter-simple sequence repeat （ISSR） markers. A total of 168 bands were amplified, of which 135 polymorphic bands were discovered and the percentage of polymorphic bands （PPB） was 80.36%. A genetic diversity was revealed as Nei＇s gene diversity （H） = 0.2666 and Shannon information index （I） = 0.4028 at population level. The 34 populations were divided into different groups based on administrative regions, latitude and longitudes, river areas, altitudes of their origins, and their indexes such as Na （number of alleles）, Ne （effective number of alleles）, H, I and PPB were calculated. Richer genetic diversity was found in the wild rice populations distributed in Simao Prefecture than that in Lingcang Prefecture or Xishuangbanna Prefecture whereas the least genetic diversity was in Baoshan Prefecture or Dehong Prefecture. Rich genetic diversity was also discovered in the wild rice populations originated from higher than 710 m altitude around the middle and lower reaches of the Lancang River belonging to the Pacific Ocean drainage system. The 34 populations could be classified into two groups, one group covered the wild rice distributing in Simao Prefecture only while the other group covered ones in Lingcang, Xishuangbanna and Dehong Prefectures. The issue on how to effectively conserve the wild rice germplasm was discussed.     

Mapping of a New Gene Wbph6（t） Resistant to the Whitebacked Planthopper, Sogatella furcifera, in Rice

A rice population consisting of 90 TN1/Guiyigu F3 lines was employed to analyze the linkage between DNA markers and a new gene Wbph6(t) conferring resistance to whitebacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera By using the mapping approach of bulked extremes and recessive class, Wbph6(t) was mapped onto the short arm of chromosome 11 with a genetic distance of 21.2 cM to SSLP marker RM167.     

水稻显性小粒基因Mi3(t)的遗传定位

 对一份水稻小粒材料Y34进行了遗传研究及基因定位。Y34与长粒型水稻蜀恢881和蜀恢527的杂交F1表现为小粒，表明小粒性状受完全显性基因控制；同时，其F2群体小粒性状遗传分离规律均符合3∶1的分离比例，表明小粒性状受１对显性基因控制。利用蜀恢881/Y34 F2群体和微卫星标记，将该基因定位在第3染色体短臂上RM6283和RM282两个标记之间，其遗传距离分别为0.9 cM和5.1 cM，并将该基因初步命名为Mi3(t)。     

水稻亚种间杂种一代的源库特性

用具有不同遗传背景的5个母本(3个籼型恢复系绵恢725、蜀恢527和蜀恢881,1个美国粳稻 Lemont 及1个爪哇稻香大粒),与1个日本特早熟粳稻Kitaake杂交,得到不同类型的 F1。 5个 F1 及其亲本的光合特性和农艺性状的分析结果表明,在高光通量密度条件下,5个 F1 的叶片净光合速率明显高于双亲或其中之一;在表观量子效率、羧化效率、CO2 补偿点3个叶片光合指标上,杂种的表现也优于亲本;5个 F1 因亲本之间具有不同的遗传背景而表现出不同的叶片光合能力,典型籼粳亚种间杂交组合蜀恢527／Kitaake、绵恢725／Kitaake要优于其他组合;5个 F1 在农艺性状上也表现出不同程度的杂种优势,库容表现为蜀恢881/Kitaake＞绵恢725/Kitaake＞蜀恢527/Kitaake ＞Lemont/Kitaake＝香大粒/Kitaake,表明籼粳亚种间杂种的增产潜力也优于另外两个杂种,这与杂种在净光合速率方面的表现一致。但籼粳交的不正常结实阻碍了库容优势的正常发挥,所以要实现水稻超高产必须注意基因组间的协调性,即遗传距离适度。     

Fine Mapping of C(Chromogen for Anthocyanin)Gene in Rice

Seven residual heterozygous lines(RHLs)displaying different genotypic compositions in the genomic region covering probable locations of C (Chromogen for anthocyanin)gene on the short arm of rice chromosome 6 were selected from the progenies of the indica cross Zhenshan 97B/Milyang 46.Seeds were harvested from each of the seven plants,and the resultant F2:3 populations were used for fine mapping of C gene.It was shown in the populations that the apiculus coloration matched to basal leaf sheath coloration in each plant.By relating the coloration performances of the populations with the genotypic compositions of the RHLS,the C locus was located between rice SSR markers RM314 and RM253.By using a total of 1279 F2:3 individuals from two populations showing coloration segregation.the C locus was then located between RM111 and RM253,with genetic distances of 0.7 cM to RM111 and 0.4 cM to RM253.Twenty-two recombinants found in the two populations were assayed with seven more markers located between RM111 and RM253,including six SSR markers and one marker for the C gene candidate,OsC1.The C locus Was delimited to a 59.3-kb region in which OsC1 was located.     

水稻色素原基因C的精细定位

应用籼稻组合珍汕97B/密阳46的衍生材料,针对水稻第6染色体短臂色素原基因C的可能位置,筛选到在C基因周围区间呈不同基因型组合的7个剩余杂合体,收获种子建立F2∶3群体。在各个植株上,稃尖颜色和叶鞘颜色的表现完全相同。通过各个群体颜色表现与原剩余杂合体基因型的比较,将C基因定位于微卫星标记RM314与RM253之间。在该基础上,应用两个分离群体共1279个样本,经标记检测和连锁分析,进一步将C基因定位于RM111和RM253之间, 与RM111和RM253的遗传距离分别为0.7 cM和0.4 cM。最后,应用区间内的另外6个微卫星标记和1个源于C基因候选基因OsC1的标记,检测在RM111 C基因 RM253区间内发生了重组的22个个体,将C基因定位于一个大小为59.3 kb、涵盖C基因候选基因OsC1座位的区间中。     

Genetic Identification of a New Small Grain Dwarf Gene in Rice

The plant material used in the study was rice line 162d, a new small grain dwarf mutant. Polymorphic analysis of 221 SSR loci demonstrated that 162d derived from a semidwarf variety Shuhui 162 through mutation, and 162d and Shuhui 162 were just a pair of near isogenic lines. Genetic analysis of F1 and F2 populations suggested that dwarfism in 162d was controlled by a single recessive gene. Phenotypic characteristics of the mutant gene were that plant height was about a quarter of normal height, grain size about a quarter of normal size, leaf was short and broad, and seed setting rate was very low,compared with the near isogenic line Shuhui 162. The mutant gene was sensitive to gibberellin (GA3) treatment and did not located on the region near the centromere of rice chromosome 5, where dl gene located. Therefore, it was concluded that the mutant gene of 162d was a new small grain dwarf gene in rice.     

太湖流域粳稻地方品种黑壳子粳抗稻瘟病基因的分子定位

以广谱、高抗稻瘟病的太湖流域粳稻地方品种黑壳子粳与感病品种苏御糯杂交,产生F1、F2、F2∶3及F5∶6重组自交系群体,用日本稻瘟病鉴别菌系北1接种鉴定。黑壳子粳对北1的抗性是由1对显性主效基因控制的,定名为Pi hk1(t) 。根据不同杂交世代群体对北1的抗、感反应,结合SSR分子标记,将黑壳子粳中的Pi hk1(t) 基因定位在水稻第11染色体长臂末端,与RM7654和RM27381两个标记的遗传距离分别为0.9 cM和1.6 cM。     

Source-Sink Relationship in Intersubspecific Hybrid Rice

The yields of rice crop increased drastically after the beginning of rice green revolution symbolized by utilizing semi-dwarfing gene and the dissemination of hybrid rice. The increase in rice yield not only can handle the food crises in China but also ac…     

蜀恢881含玉米C4型pepc基因改良系的遗传背景及其光合特性

从通过分子标记辅助选择育成的含玉米C4型pepc基因蜀恢881中筛选10株,利用530对SSR引物进行遗传背景分析,发现与蜀恢881表现差异的位点仅有1～4个,相似度在95.15%以上,最高的达9903%。进一步对相似度为9903%的转育玉米C4型pepc基因蜀恢881的6个生长时期测定有关光合指标,表明6个时期的PEPC酶活性均比蜀恢881增强,PEPC酶活性值最大时期是拔节期,为1264.2 μmol/(mg·h）,分蘖初期增加的幅度最大达到23.3倍;其净光合速率与蜀恢881相比,在分蘖初期、分蘖盛期、拔节期和始穗期都得到不同程度的提高,其中拔节期最高,达到22.3%。研究表明通过杂交利用C4型pepc基因特征引物对C4型pepc基因进行分子标记辅助选择,能够获得携有C4型pepc基因且与受体亲本遗传背景十分接近的籼型水稻材料,而且C4型pepc基因在新的遗传背景下能够高水平表达和稳定地遗传。据此,建立了分子标记辅助选择、光合生理生化指标鉴定和田间综合农艺性状考查相结合的筛选玉米C4型pepc基因水稻的技术体系;同时认为在拔节期进行转育C4型pepc基因水稻光合生理指标的测定和筛选的效果可能较理想。     

一个新的水稻小粒矮秆突变基因的遗传鉴定

水稻品系162d是一个新发现的水稻小粒矮秆突变体。通过对221个SSR标记位点的多态性分析证明162d是由蜀恢162突变产生的,162d和蜀恢162是一对近等基因系。对F1和F2代的遗传分析表明162d的矮生性由一对隐性基因控制。该基因的表型特点是株高为正常高度的1/4左右,籽粒为正常大小的1/4左右,结实很差,叶短而宽。该基因对赤霉素GA[sub]3[/sub]敏感,不位于d1基因所在的水稻第5染色体着丝点附近区域。因此,认为162d突变基因是一个新的水稻小粒矮秆基因。