块状饲料添加剂饲喂肉牛试验

试验组（Ｔ组）Ⅰ期（高蛋白块添）、Ⅱ期（ＥＭ块添）、Ⅲ期（矿物块添）的日增重分别比同期对照组（Ｄ组）高１７７　ｇ、１１０　ｇ、１８５　ｇ，增长率分别为１７．２　％、１１．２　％、２０．８　％，ｔ检验差异显著（Ｐ　＜　０．０５）。Ｔ组比Ｄ组每增重１　ｋｇ消耗的精料（ｋｇ）、ＭＥ（ＭＪ）、ＤＣＰ（ｇ）都有较大幅度的下降，其中Ⅰ期分别降低０．６　（１６．０　％）、１２．６　（１４．１　％）、４４．６（７．０　％），Ⅱ期分别降低０．４　（８．２　％）、８．５（８．９　％）、５８．５　（８．６　％），Ⅲ期分别降低０．８（１７．７　％）、１６．９　％（１５．８　％）、１１５．２（１５．３　％），ｔ检验差异显著　（　Ｐ＜　０．０５　）。Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期，试验组比对照组，头均每日增加纯收入为１．３２元、０．７８元、１．３８元，收益率为１∶１３．２、１∶７．８、１∶１３．８。按１２０　ｄ肥育期计算，头均多产肉２１．２　ｋｇ、１３．２　ｋｇ、２２．２　ｋｇ，头均可增加收入１５８．４元、９３．６元、１６５．６元。     

马立克氏病病毒的分离与鉴定

从广西不同地区患马立克氏病的鸡群分离出１０株马立克氏病毒，命名为ＭＺ１、Ｅ１、Ｅ２、Ｅ３、Ｅ４、Ｇ２、Ｌ１、Ｇ５、Ａｎ７、Ｎ。用ＭＤＶ分型单克隆抗体对Ｅ４、Ｌ１、Ｇ２、Ａｎ７、Ｎ毒进行血清型鉴定，结果除Ｅ４疑有血清Ⅱ型与血清Ⅰ型ＭＤＶ同时存在外，其余均为血清Ⅰ型ＭＤＶ。     

乐都驴血液生化参数测定

对青海省乐都县５１头驴的１３项血清（浆）生化参数进行测定，结果：总蛋白为７４．４±９．７ｇ／Ｌ，Ａ／Ｇ为Ｏ．９±０．２，总脂为２．５±０．６ｇ／Ｌ，胆固醇为２．５±０．９ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｋ￣＋为４．５±０．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｎａ￣＋为１３７±３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｃａ￣（２＋）为２．３±０．３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｍｇ￣（２＋）为１．６±０．４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，无机磷为２．０±０．６ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ＧＰＴ为８．４±６．４ＩＵ／Ｌ，ＧＯＴ为１１．６±９．７ＩＵ／Ｌ，血浆葡萄糖为５．６±０．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ；上述参数在骟、母驴间无显著差异。     

磷酸盐含氟量对肉仔鸡的影响

１磷酸盐不同含氟量饲养肉仔鸡试验１．１试验方法１．１．１试验鸡群　选用同批次ＡＡ肉仔鸡１２０只，公母混养，进行０周龄～８周龄饲养试验。１．１．２试验设计采用单因子３水平、４重复试验设计。１．１．３饲粮营养水平　０周龄～４周龄日粮代谢能为１２．２７ＭＪ／ｋｇ，粗蛋白质２０．４８％，Ｃａ０．９８％，Ｐ０．６１％，添加油脂１．５％；５周龄～８周龄日粮代谢能１３．１７ＭＪ／ｋｇ，粗蛋白质１８．９４％，Ｃａ１．０３％，Ｐ０．５８％，添加油脂２．０％。采用含氟０．０７６％、Ｃａ３２．１９％，Ｐ１３．６０％的…     

海藻作饲料添加剂饲喂产蛋鸡的效果

用６００只产蛋鸡分四组进行了６７ｄ饲养实验,考察海藻粉（ＳＭ）的效果。结果表明：ＳＭ组试鸡产蛋率与商品添加剂组和Ｋ１组比差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）,与未加ＳＭ组比差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。蛋重比其他三组高０．４～１．５ｇ／枚,饲料转化率高６．４％、７．６％和低０．７６％;试期４～２７ｄ,ＳＭ组蛋黄的碘含量由９．４ｕｇ／ｇ增加到６６．８ｕｇ／ｇ（鲜样）。至２７ｄ达到高值,比未加ＳＭ和ＫＩ组高达８．４和５．２倍。蛋白含碘亦由０增加到８．７ｕｇ／ｇ;蛋黄色素变化随着饲养期延长而加深,至２７ｄ达到９个评分等级,比未加ＳＭ和ＫＩ组高２．７和１．５个等级;此外还发现ＳＭ中的碘比ＫＩ中的碘更稳定,两种日粮同时保存５２ｄ,前者损失５９％（碘由８０．４×１０－６降至３２．７×１０－６）,后者损失７６．５４％（碘由８０×１０－６降至１８．７７×１０－６）。     

湖北省鸡大肠杆菌病流行情况调查及病原分离鉴定

湖北省２９个养鸡场的１３６８１０只鸡在１９９２－１９９６年大肠杆菌病的发病率为２６．４％,死亡率为８．７％。从病死鸡分离出１８株大肠埃希氏菌,主要血清型Ｏ７８,Ｏ２和Ｏ１,分别占鉴定菌株的３８．８％,１６．７％和１１．０％,分离菌株肉汤培养物接种小白鼠和４日龄雏鸡,可使５０％以上小白鼠在２ｄ内死亡;３０％以上雏鸡在７ｄ内死亡,剖检存活鸡可见典型的大肠杆菌病病变。     

分泌抗禽呼肠孤病毒单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株的建立与鉴定

采用腹腔的接种１次脾内注射禽呼肠孤病毒（ＡＲＶ）蛋白免疫小鼠，经３次融合后，共筛选８株分泌抗禽呼肠孤病毒（单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株，这８株ＭｃＡｂ均可与ＡＲＶＳ１１３３株，ＦＤＯ株发生反应，而与ＩＢＤＶ，ＭＤＶ，ＥＤＳ－７６病毒不发生反应，经亚类鉴定，ＡＥ７，ＡＦ８，ＢＤ１，ＤＨ１０，ＥＥ５为ＩｇＧ１；ＡＤ６，ＣＧ４为ＩｇＣ２ａ，ＡＧ７为ＩｇＧ２ｂ。腹水效价在１０＾３～１０＾５之间。     

建昌鸭白羽系三系配套组合的生产性能研究

为了改善四川地方品种建昌鸭白羽系（Ｊ）的繁殖性能，提高其肉用仔鸭的生长速度和产肉量，本试验采用三元杂交配套模式，以亲本为对照，测定了单杂交母本ＭＪ的繁殖性能；研究杂交ＧＭＪ、ＧＭ、ＧＪ和亲本Ｇ、Ｍ、Ｊ六个组合在舍饲和放牧补饲方式下，０—８周龄体重、饲料消耗及屠宰分析。结果表明：ＭＪ４０周产蛋量为２０３．７个，比Ｊ（１４７．２个）提高５６．５个，ＭＪ是全年产蛋，无季节性。商品鸭ＧＭＪ适应舍饲和放牧补饲条件饲养，舍饲七周龄重２７２６．５克。比Ｊ提高全净膛重４７．９％，胸肌８９．３％。放牧补饲时，ＧＭＪ７—８周龄达２３４６．９－２５１４．０克，大型肉鸭ＧＭ、Ｍ差异不明显（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒肾型毒株血凝特性的研究

本文对鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ）澳大利亚Ｔ株和分离的四株肾型毒株（ＢＪ＿（９３０１）、ＢＪ＿（９３０２）、ＴＪ＿（９３０１）、ＨＮ＿（９３０１）株）的血凝特性进行了系统研究。结果表明ＩＢＶ供试毒株经１～２％胰蛋白酶处理后，能凝集鸡和小鼠红细胞，同一毒株对两种红细胞的凝集价相近，且均能被ＩＢＶ澳大利亚Ｔ株血清所抑制。处理后的ＩＢＶ对鸡红细胞的血凝以缓冲液浓度０．０１～０．０５ＭｐＨ６．０～８．４为宜，对反应温度及稀释液种类无严格要求。ＩＢＶ的血凝活性能耐受３７℃２３天、５６℃１２小时、８０℃１．５小时，但在－３０℃、４℃和室温下保存２个月后，绝大部分丧失血凝活性。ＩＢＶ经０．２％甲醛、０．２％脱氧胆酸钠、２％硼氢化钠、０．０１Ｍ高碘酸钠３７℃灭活２４小时，仍能保持其血凝活性。从ＩＢＶ的血凝活性可被过量胰蛋白酶破坏和氯仿灭活，推断该血凝素可能是由脂质和蛋白质组成。     

弓形虫病免疫的研究：弓形虫排泄分泌抗原制备及其对怀孕母羊免疫效…

弓形虫ＧＪＳ株速殖子通过传代细胞（ＢＨＫ－２１）培养，制备排泄分泌抗原（Ｅ／ＳＡ），蛋白含量为２．０９５ｍｇ／ｍｌ；ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ凝胶电泳分析显示２１条区带，分子量在１８～１２０ＫＤ，其中６８ＫＤ为主带，次带７条。用Ｅ／ＳＡ与佐剂（Ｍ－２０６）制备Ｅ／ＳＡ疫苗，对３０只（２公，２８母）弓形虫血检抗体阴性，混群自然交配５０天的适龄健康绵羊随机分组进行免疫，间隔２０天再加强免疫１次。第１组于混群后８     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.