丝瓜种质资源遗传多样性的形态和RAPD标记分析

应用形态标记和RAPD标记对26份丝瓜种质材料进行遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析。所观察的44个形态性状变异系数为5.27 %～107.00 %,平均变异系数为32.75 %。从200个随机引物中筛选出16个引物,共扩增出145条带,多态性带有125条,多态性比率为86.21 %,平均Shannon多样性信息指数为 0.325。基于形态标记的聚类分析将26份丝瓜种质分为普通丝瓜和有棱丝瓜两大类。基于RAPD标记的聚类分析将26份丝瓜种质也分为两大类,但有2份有棱丝瓜种质和普通丝瓜聚为了一类,与形态标记聚类结果不一致。     

中韩野生软枣猕猴桃种质资源遗传多样性分析

【目的】利用RAPD分子标记技术研究国内长白山地区和韩国由来野生软枣猕猴桃种质资源的遗传多样性。【方法】以长白山地区和韩国由来的28个野生软枣猕猴桃的叶片为材料,利用RAPD分子标记技术进行了遗传多样性分析,并明确了它们之间的亲缘关系。【结果】利用131个随机引物进行PCR,从中筛选出了多态性高、重复性好且扩增条带清晰的24个引物。24个引物在28个野生软枣猕猴桃中共扩增出191条带,其中多态性条带为186条,占97.4%。平均每个引物产生7.75个多态性条带。应用NTSYSpc 2.10e软件进行遗传一致度和遗传距离分析后用UPGMA方法进行聚类分析。28个野生软枣猕猴桃种质资源之间的遗传距离为0.020 2~0.934 2。遗传距离0.58时可将28个野生种划分成2大类。在遗传距离最小的0.02处,有蛟河2号和3号2个野生种,其RAPD分子标记相似性为98%。【结论】来自不同地理区域的野生软枣猕猴桃之间存在较高的遗传多样性,而在同一地理区域内遗传多样性较低。韩国野生软枣猕猴桃之间的遗传多样性较低,且与二道白河、汪清、左家等地的野生软枣猕猴桃亲缘关系较近。即具有同一地理区域聚类趋势,且不同地理区域间存在较高的遗传多样性。     

广西地方柑橘资源的ISSR分析

【目的】了解和研究广西地方柑橘资源的亲缘关系和遗传多样性。【方法】以10份外省野生和地方柑橘种质为参照,采用ISSR分子标记技术对10份广西地方柑橘种质和8份姑婆山野生柑橘资源的遗传多样性及其亲缘关系进行分析和评价。【结果】从100条ISSR引物中筛选出12条引物对供试材料进行多态性分析。获得总条带67条,其中多态性条带62条,多态位点百分率为92.54%。聚类结果显示28份资源可分为7个组,其中广西资源分布于6个组,姑婆山野生柑橘被聚为同一组,进而可划分为2个亚组。【结论】ISSR标记能较好地区分广西地方柑橘资源,且广西柑橘地方资源遗传多样性丰富。     

基于TRAP标记的苹果属种间遗传多样性分析

【目的】了解苹果属资源遗传多样性,以期为种间亲缘关系分析提供分子水平上的可靠依据。【方法】利用TRAP(Target Region Amplified Polymorphism)分子标记对苹果属30个种和梨属3个种共33份材料进行了遗传多样性分析。【结果】筛选出的16对引物组合共扩增出407条有效条带,其中多态性条带404条,多态性百分率达99.26%。UPGMA聚类结果显示,当遗传相似系数GS=0.666时能很好地区分苹果属与梨属材料,当GS=0.680时可将苹果属30个种分为Ⅰ和Ⅱ两个亚类。主坐标分析中材料所属类群同UPGMA聚类结果有较高的符合度,基本与传统系谱一致。但群体结构分析结果同UPGMA聚类和主坐标聚类结果有一定的差异性,其中23份材料的协变量Q值≥0.6,亲缘关系相对单一。【结论】开发出TRAP标记引物组合16对,可有效地区分苹果属种质材料的遗传多样性,为苹果属种间亲缘关系分析提供了新的分子证据。     

不同产地人参种质资源RAPD和SSR分析

以15个产地人参种质资源为试材,采用RAPD和SSR分子标记技术对其遗传多样性进行分析。结果表明:2种分子标记均能揭示不同地区人参种质间的遗传多样性。共筛选出11条RAPD随机引物,平均每条引物可扩增出3~17条DNA片段,共扩增出104条清晰条带,多态性条带100条,多态性百分率为96.15%,揭示供试材料间遗传相似系数(GS)为0.505 3~0.989 5,平均值为0.760 4。筛选出5对SSR引物,平均每对引物可扩增出1~8条DNA片段,共扩增出38条清晰条带,多态性条带35条,多态性百分率为92.11%,揭示供试材料间遗传相似系数(GS)为0.400 0~0.960 0,平均值为0.742 1。RAPD和SSR标记的聚类分析在分类上稍有差异,但总体趋势一致,RAPD、SSR及RAPD+SSR均将样品聚为三大类,均能揭示它们之间的亲缘关系,为人参种质资源的收集与利用奠定了基础。     

基于AFLP分子标记对广东省番石榴种质资源多样性分析及指纹图谱构建

【目的】利用AFLP分子标记技术对广东省30份番石榴种质资源进行遗传多样性分析并构建指纹图谱。【方法】从80对AFLP引物中筛选得到8对核心引物用于番石榴分子标记,利用UPGMA聚类分析番石榴种质资源多样性,以核心引物E3-M6和E4-M2引物组合构建番石榴DNA指纹图谱。【结果】8对AFLP核心引物扩增30份番石榴样品共得到条带1 118条,多态性条带1 114条,多态性比率为99.6%。通过聚类分析将30份番石榴样品聚为4类,其中广东省高州市野生品种‘胭脂红番石榴2号’遗传分化较大,单独聚为一类。利用核心引物E3-M6和E4-M2组合成功构建番石榴DNA指纹图谱,供试30份番石榴品种(系)每个都有一套唯一的指纹图谱编码。【结论】本研究构建的指纹图谱可用于番石榴种质的分类与鉴定,同时为番石榴杂交新品种选育提供理论依据。     

冬瓜和节瓜种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD分析

采用RAPD分子标记技术对41份冬瓜和节瓜种质资源进行遗传多样性分析。从455条随机引物中筛选出23条能产生稳定多态性扩增谱带的引物用于RAPD分析,共产生143条扩增谱带,其中多态性谱带81条,多态性检测率为56.6%,表明冬瓜和节瓜种质资源在分子水平上具有丰富的遗传多样性。用NTSYSpc软件处理RAPD数据,41份材料间的遗传相似系数在0.60～0.99之间。聚类分析结果可将供试材料分为6大类群9个亚类,主坐标分析可将供试材料分为6大类群10个亚类。两种分类方法的结果基本一致。     

野生毛花猕猴桃雄花花器性状及SSR遗传多样性研究

【目的】研究江西省内野生毛花猕猴桃雄性种质的多样性。【方法】对江西省野生毛花猕猴桃雄性种质资源开展调查和收集,分析花器表型性状变异和SSR遗传多样性。【结果】供试68份毛花猕猴桃雄性种质的雄花花器在表型性状和DNA分子水平上均存在明显的变异和较丰富的遗传多样性,表型性状平均变异系数为29.19%,其中变异幅度最大的为花粉量(53.41%),最小的为花冠直径(15.47%)。通过表型聚类分析,可将该68份种质资源分为两大类群,类群A可分为2个亚类,大部分样品聚为第1亚类,主要表现为花梗较短,花冠较大,花粉活力较高,花冠颜色为粉红;第2亚类总体表现为花梗较长,花冠较小,花粉活力中等。类群B仅有2份样品,其特征为花冠大、雄蕊数多和高花粉量,在DNA分子水平上,筛选到的15对SSR有效引物共扩增出87个等位位点,均为多态性位点。Shannon’s信息指数为1.04,多态信息含量为46.48%。UPGMA聚类分析可将供试种质材料分为3类。2种聚类结果相似,Mantel分析中表型性状与分子标记结果呈显著相关(r=-0.79,p0.05),SSR分子标记在一定程度上反映了不同毛花猕猴桃雄性种质表型性状的变异情况。【结论】68份野生毛花猕猴桃雄性种质表现出较丰富的遗传多样性。其中花粉量、单花雄蕊数、花粉活力、花瓣颜色、花丝颜色、花梗长度是造成表型性状差异的主要因素。SSR分子标记分析与毛花猕猴桃花器表型聚类结果具有显著相关性,毛花猕猴桃雄花的多种表型性状是环境和基因共同作用的结果。     

杏92份种质资源的ISSR分析

利用ISSR分子标记对92份杏抗寒种质资源进行了遗传多样性分析。从35条引物中筛选出10条用于杏资源的ISSR扩增,共扩增出86条带,其中多态性条带83条,多态性百分比为96.5%。用UPGMA法聚类分析,结果显示,龙垦14号杏(Armeniaca vulgaris)、A1B20(A.vulgaris)、牡红杏(A.vulgaris)3个普通杏品种聚为1类,辽杏(A.mandshurica)单独聚为1类,其他88份杏资源聚为1类,不同种质资源间表现出丰富的遗传多样性。     

福建省主要杨桃品种遗传多样性分析

采用RAPD技术对17份杨桃品种资源进行遗传多样性分析.结果表明,13条随机引物共扩增出80条RAPD带,其中77条为多态性带,平均多态位点5.92条,多态率达97.19%,表明杨桃遗传多样性的复杂性.利用UPGMA构建了杨桃的亲缘关系树状图,遗传距离为0～2.16093,当入=2.08时,17份杨桃品种可以划分为3个...     

Assessment of genetic diversity in cashew germplasm using RAPD and ISSR markers

Diversity and genetic relationship in 100 cashew germplasm accessions were analyzed by using RAPD and ISSR markers. Using 10 selected RAPD primers 60 bands were generated, of which 51 bands were polymorphic (85%), and with 10 selected ISSR primers 67 amplified bands were observed with 58 polymorphic bands (86.6%). Though both kinds of markers discriminated the accessions effectively, analysis of combined data of markers (RAPD + ISSR) resulted in better distinction of accessions. By combining markers, a total of 127 bands were detected, of which 109 bands (85.8%) were polymorphic and produced on an average of 5.45 polymorphic bands per primer. Primers with high polymorphic information content and marker index were identified for discriminating accessions. High percentage of polymorphism (>85%) observed with different markers indicated high level of genetic variation existing among the accessions. Genetic relationship estimated using similarity co-efficient (Jaccard’s) values between different pair of accessions varied from 0.43 to 0.94 in RAPD, 0.38 to 0.89 in ISSR and 0.43 to 0.87 with combined markers suggested a diversity (dissimilarity) ranging from 6 to 57%, 11 to 62% and 13 to 57% respectively and the diversity skewed around 50% indicated moderate diversity. The cluster analysis with UPGMA method separated the accessions broadly into 13 clusters and in that three into smaller clusters. Some correspondence between the molecular groupings and the morphological clusters were observed. Among the accessions, NRC-142 and NRC-12 were highly divergent and NRC-231 and NRC-232 were genetically similar.     

雷州半岛菠萝蜜种质遗传多样性的RAPD分析

 用RAPD标记方法对我国雷州半岛的65份菠萝蜜(Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. ) 实生种质资源DNA的遗传多样性进行了检测, 16个引物共检测到78条带, 其中69条具多态性(占88.4% ) 。聚类分析表明, 65份菠萝蜜材料在遗传距离0.26处可分为3大类。供试种质虽具有丰富的形态性状变异, 但在DNA水平上平均相似性系数为0.7341。干、湿胞类型及引自马来西亚的种质均不能独立聚类。对菠萝蜜品种的干、湿胞分类法及菠萝蜜品种的引种区域进行了讨论。     

茄子耐盐种质亲缘关系的RAPD分析

利用RAPD标记对14份耐盐茄子种质资源进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明：从100个引物中筛选出10个多态性较好的引物,共扩增出102条带,多态性条带所占的比例为77.45%。聚类分析结果显示：14份耐盐茄子材料的遗传相似系数在0.316～0.975之间|在遗传相似系数0.47处可将14份耐盐茄子材料分为3大类,大部分种质资源（85.71%）都聚在第3类（栽培种）,表明收集到的茄子耐盐种质亲缘关系较近。     

豆瓣菜种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD和ISSR分析

以8个豆瓣菜的品种为试材，用筛选出的79个RAPD引物和34个ISSR引物对这8个品种的基因组DNA进行扩增，分别扩增出361条和179条谱带，每个引物扩增出的带在3～10条之间，平均每个引物扩增出约5条带。根据所得的条带进行聚类分析，两种标记产生的聚类图存在一些差异，但它们都可以较好地将8个品种按亲缘关系的远近划分为3个不同的类群。Mantel测试得出相关系数r=0．58155，表明RAPD和ISSR两种分子标记技术的相关度很低。     

A comparative analysis of the genetic diversity between inbred lines of Zinnia elegans using morphological traits and RAPD and ISSR markers

Genetic diversity within Zinnia elegans is key to the genetic improvement of this important ornamental species. Here, morphological traits and RAPD and ISSR molecular markers were used to assess levels of polymorphism across 20 inbred lines. Thirty-four morphological traits were scored and also 147 RAPD marker-fragments, as amplified by 12 arbitrary primers, and 128 ISSR marker-fragments as generated by 9 primers. The number of polymorphic loci, the percentage of polymorphic loci, Shannon's Information index (I) and the effective number of alleles (Ne) were calculated from the RAPD data as 100, 68.03%, 0.3559 and 1.4169, respectively. From the ISSR data, these respective statistics were calculated as 97, 76.38%, 0.4013 and 1.4728. Thus, ISSR markers were considered slightly superior to RAPD markers for assessing genetic diversity between the accessions; however, Mantel's test indicated significant correlation (R = 0.733) of the RAPD and ISSR results. By contrast, the morphological matrix showed low correlation with both RAPD and ISSR data matrices (R = 0.3814 and 0.3765, respectively). Cluster analysis showed that groupings of the accessions according to all three methods correlated well with their geographic region of origin, but flower color was not strongly associated with the genetic classification of these inbred lines of Z. elegans.     

Analysis of genetic diversity among Indian short-day onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars using RAPD markers.

Summary

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to estimate genetic diversity among 24 cultivars of short-day onions. Total genomic DNA was extracted and subjected to RAPD analysis using 90 arbitrary 10-mer primers. Of these, 15 primers were selected which yielded 137 bands, 91.24% of which were polymorphic. None of the primers produced a unique banding pattern for each cultivar. RAPD data were used to calculate a Squared-Euclidian Distance matrix which revealed a minimum genetic distance between cultivars ‘AFLR-722’ and ‘PBR-140’, and a maximum genetic distance between cultivars ‘PBR-139’ and ‘A.Kalyan’, and ‘MS-48’ and ‘A.Kalyan’. Based on the distance matrix, cluster analysis was done using a minimum variance algorithm.The dendrogram thus generated, based on Ward’s method, grouped the 24 onion cultivars into two major clusters. The first cluster consisted of cultivars from the northern region, and the second of cultivars from the southern region of India. The present study shows that there is high diversity among the onion cultivars selected and indicates the potential of RAPD markers for identification and maintenance of onion germplasm for crop improvement purposes.     

西葫芦种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD分析

利用RAPD技术对国内外47份西葫芦种质材料进行遗传多样性及亲缘关系分析。从520条随机引物中筛选出30条能产生稳定多态性的引物用于RAPD分析,共扩增出367条带,其中302条表现多态性,占总数的82.29%,表明西葫芦种质资源在分子水平上具有丰富的遗传多样性,与形态学研究结果一致。聚类分析将47份西葫芦种质材料分为两大类。在第Ⅰ类群中,可将32份种质分为4个亚类;第Ⅱ类群分成5个亚类。从生长习性来看,矮生与半蔓生的亲缘关系最近;从皮色来看,白色与绿色亲缘关系最近,亲缘关系最远的为白色与花皮。