丝瓜种质资源遗传多样性的SSR与SRAP分析

利用SSR和SRAP标记对30份丝瓜种质资源进行遗传多样性分析,分别从52对SSR和48对SRAP引物中选取10对和12对多态性好的引物,其中10对SSR引物共扩增出32条多态性带,12对SRAP引物扩增出118条多态性带。30份种质间的平均遗传相似系数为0.761,说明丝瓜间种质遗传背景比较狭隘。聚类分析显示,30份丝瓜种质被划分为普通丝瓜与有棱丝瓜两大类。     

杨桃遗传多样性的形态特征与RAPD标记的相关性分析

【目的】为指导杨桃种质资源的引进以及良种选育提供科学依据,【方法】采用形态标记数量聚类分析和RAPD分子标记相结合,对广东地区10份杨桃品种资源进行遗传多样性分析,并将形态学聚类和RAPD分子标记聚类结果加以对比。【结果】在所观察的12个形态性状中,变异系数为14.08%~49.71%,平均变异系数为25.38%。从100条RAPD随机引物中筛选出10个引物,共扩增出58条带,其中53条为多态性带,多态率达93.02%。聚类分析结果表明,形态标记和RAPD标记都可依果实风味将供试材料分组,即甜味和酸味。2种标记方法的相关系数为r0.01=0.685 3,达到显著水平。【结论】杨桃具有丰富的遗传多样性,2种方法聚类结果相似,且相关性高,具有较高的可靠性。     

芥菜种质资源的RAPD和ISSR分析

利用RAPD和ISSR标记对28份芥菜种质资源进行遗传多样性分析,20个RAPD引物共扩增出162条清晰的谱带,其中140条显示多态性,平均每个引物扩增出7.0条多态性谱带.18个ISSR引物共扩增出143条清晰的谱带,其中多态性谱带124条,平均每个引物扩增出6.9条多态性谱带.基于RAPD和ISSR两种标记,利用UPGMA分别构建了28份芥菜资源的聚类树状图.结果表明,RAPD和ISSR分别聚类以及两种标记混合聚类均将28份芥菜种质分为3类:第Ⅰ类群中包括了15份种质;第Ⅱ类群中包括了9份种质;第Ⅲ类群中包括了4份种质.     

芥菜种质资源遗传多样性和亲缘关系的SRAP 分析

利用SRAP 标记对111 份芥菜种质的遗传多样性进行了分析,并记载了其形态特征。从300 对SRAP 引物中筛选出21
对多态性明显、条带清晰、反应稳定的引物组合,共扩增出150 条条带,其中106 条为多态性条带,多态性比率为70.67%。
SRAP 聚类分析结果表明,111 份芥菜材料的遗传相似系数在0.38～0.89 之间,分为5 大类和若干亚类。对芥菜的叶片性状及根、
茎、叶、薹的发育状况等农艺性状进行调查分析,结果表明111 份芥菜材料的遗传相似系数在0.39～1.00 之间,分为4 大类和
若干亚类。这两种方法的聚类结果基本一致,表明SRAP 标记可以应用于芥菜种质资源遗传多样性和亲缘关系研究。     

马尾松种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD分析

利用18条RAPD引物对35份马尾松种质资源进行了DNA扩增试验,共产生153条RAPD标记条带,其中多态性带137条,多态性百分率为89.5%,平均每个引物检测到的条带数为8.5条。结合聚类分析,进行马尾松种质资源遗传多样性研究,结果表明RAPD可以准确分析研究马尾松种质资源遗传多样性。     

茄子耐盐种质亲缘关系的RAPD分析

利用RAPD标记对14份耐盐茄子种质资源进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明：从100个引物中筛选出10个多态性较好的引物,共扩增出102条带,多态性条带所占的比例为77.45%。聚类分析结果显示：14份耐盐茄子材料的遗传相似系数在0.316～0.975之间|在遗传相似系数0.47处可将14份耐盐茄子材料分为3大类,大部分种质资源（85.71%）都聚在第3类（栽培种）,表明收集到的茄子耐盐种质亲缘关系较近。     

紫色叶用莴苣遗传多样性及亲缘关系的TRAP分析

利用TRAP标记对47份紫色叶用莴苣种质进行亲缘关系及遗传多样性分析。20对引物组合共扩增出多态性条带430条,多态性比率(PPB)为67.08%。47份紫色叶用莴苣材料的遗传相似系数在0.7063~0.9828之间,Nei’s基因多样性指数(He)和Shannon’s信息指数(I)分别为0.2553和0.3976,遗传多样性水平较低。聚类分析结果表明,47份紫色叶用莴苣材料分为2大类群,第Ⅱ类群又分为5个亚类,叶片形态相似的种质基本上聚在一起,亲缘关系较近。     

雷州半岛菠萝蜜种质遗传多样性的RAPD分析

 用RAPD标记方法对我国雷州半岛的65份菠萝蜜(Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. ) 实生种质资源DNA的遗传多样性进行了检测, 16个引物共检测到78条带, 其中69条具多态性(占88.4% ) 。聚类分析表明, 65份菠萝蜜材料在遗传距离0.26处可分为3大类。供试种质虽具有丰富的形态性状变异, 但在DNA水平上平均相似性系数为0.7341。干、湿胞类型及引自马来西亚的种质均不能独立聚类。对菠萝蜜品种的干、湿胞分类法及菠萝蜜品种的引种区域进行了讨论。     

云南芋种质资源遗传多样性的AFLP分析

 采用荧光标记引物的AFLP分子标记技术, 用筛选出的“3 + 2”引物组合, 对48份云南芋种进行遗传多样性分析, 3对引物共扩增出184个DNA位点, 平均每对引物可检测出56.3个多态性位点,多态性位点高达91.8% , 云南芋种质资源在DNA分子水平上表现出极为丰富的遗传多样性。聚类分析表明: 野生种质和栽培种质的亲缘关系较远, 栽培种质基于AFLP标记的分类结果与形态性状基本一致, 少数材料差异较大。     

冬瓜和节瓜种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD分析

采用RAPD分子标记技术对41份冬瓜和节瓜种质资源进行遗传多样性分析。从455条随机引物中筛选出23条能产生稳定多态性扩增谱带的引物用于RAPD分析,共产生143条扩增谱带,其中多态性谱带81条,多态性检测率为56.6%,表明冬瓜和节瓜种质资源在分子水平上具有丰富的遗传多样性。用NTSYSpc软件处理RAPD数据,41份材料间的遗传相似系数在0.60～0.99之间。聚类分析结果可将供试材料分为6大类群9个亚类,主坐标分析可将供试材料分为6大类群10个亚类。两种分类方法的结果基本一致。     

Assessment of genetic diversity in cashew germplasm using RAPD and ISSR markers

Diversity and genetic relationship in 100 cashew germplasm accessions were analyzed by using RAPD and ISSR markers. Using 10 selected RAPD primers 60 bands were generated, of which 51 bands were polymorphic (85%), and with 10 selected ISSR primers 67 amplified bands were observed with 58 polymorphic bands (86.6%). Though both kinds of markers discriminated the accessions effectively, analysis of combined data of markers (RAPD + ISSR) resulted in better distinction of accessions. By combining markers, a total of 127 bands were detected, of which 109 bands (85.8%) were polymorphic and produced on an average of 5.45 polymorphic bands per primer. Primers with high polymorphic information content and marker index were identified for discriminating accessions. High percentage of polymorphism (>85%) observed with different markers indicated high level of genetic variation existing among the accessions. Genetic relationship estimated using similarity co-efficient (Jaccard’s) values between different pair of accessions varied from 0.43 to 0.94 in RAPD, 0.38 to 0.89 in ISSR and 0.43 to 0.87 with combined markers suggested a diversity (dissimilarity) ranging from 6 to 57%, 11 to 62% and 13 to 57% respectively and the diversity skewed around 50% indicated moderate diversity. The cluster analysis with UPGMA method separated the accessions broadly into 13 clusters and in that three into smaller clusters. Some correspondence between the molecular groupings and the morphological clusters were observed. Among the accessions, NRC-142 and NRC-12 were highly divergent and NRC-231 and NRC-232 were genetically similar.     

Genetic relatedness (diversity) and cultivar identification by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in teasle gourd (Momordica dioica Roxb.)

Genetic relationship and variation of 29 accessions of teasle gourd (Momordica dioica Roxb.) and 1 accession of Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng. (wild relatives of teasle gourd) were examined by RAPD analysis using 44 dodecamer oligonucleotide primers. A total of 496 fragments were produced by 44 primers of which 95% bands were polymorphic. Using presence or absence of specific RAPD markers or combination of primers, 23 out of 30 accessions were identified. The genetic relatedness or genetic distance based on Nei and Li's genetic similarity varied from 0.86 to 0.65 with an average of 0.74 among 29 M. dioica accessions (when M. cochinchinensis excluded). In the phenetic dendrogram developed from cluster analysis using UPGMA method, M. cochinchinensis was out grouped as single accession, while others showing relatively weak grouping formed four groups. Clustering pattern did not demonstrate any relationship between geographical origin and genetic diversity. A DNA extraction method has been standardized. This is the first report of using RAPD techniques in teasle gourd. It was concluded that RAPD analysis is a useful tool for genotypic identification and estimation of genetic similarity in teasle gourd.     

山楂（Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.)遗传多样性的RAPD和ISSR标记分析

 利用RAPD和ISSR标记对35份山楂（Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.）资源进行了DNA多态性分析。12个RAPD引物共扩增出110条清晰的谱带,其中89条显示多态性,平均每个引物扩增出7.4条多态性谱带。13个ISSR引物共扩增出110条清晰的谱带,其中94条显示多态性,平均每个引物扩增出7.2条多态性谱带。基于RAPD和ISSR标记,利用UPGMA分别构建了35份山楂资源的聚类树状图。距离系数分别为0～0.62（RAPD）和0～0.64（ISSR）,表明山楂具有较高的遗传多样性。     

加工型辣椒资源RAPD聚类分析

利用RAPD技术对不同来源、不同类型的34份加工型辣椒种质资源进行聚类分析。20对随机引物共扩增出179条带，各引物的扩增带数在4—15条之间，其中多态性条带数139条，占总条带数的74．32％。聚类分析结果表明，34份材料首先分成3大类，与传统的辣椒属中种的划分一致，其中32份一年生辣椒（Caspsicum annuum L.）又可分为5个类群，果形性状在聚类图中呈随机分布，与种质资源的亲缘关系无相关性。     

南瓜种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD分析

 应用RAPD技术对70份南瓜种质进行遗传多样性分析, 从100条随机引物中筛选出21条引物, 共扩增出168条带, 其中157条为多态带, 比率为93.5%。系统聚类分析将70份南瓜种质分为3大类: 中国南瓜、美洲南瓜、印度南瓜, 与传统分类学的结果相符。同时在3大类群内又将种质进行细分,第1类分为3组, 第2类分为6组, 第3类分为5组, 其结果与地域来源和形态特征有一定的相关性。主成分分析与系统聚类分析结果基本一致, 但系统聚类分析在揭示密切相关的个体间的关系上能提供更丰富的信息。     

应用RAPD 标记和细胞质基因组PCR-RFLP技术研究大花蕙兰的遗传多样性

 利用RAPD、叶绿体和线粒体基因组PCR-RFLP标记系统评价了大花蕙兰20个品种的遗传多样性。在50个RAPD引物分析中, 有36个引物(72.0% ) 能揭示材料间的多态性, 材料间遗传相似系数为0.503～0.765, 平均0.598, 根据遗传相似系数进行聚类分析表明, RAPD标记能将所有材料区分开。在7个叶绿体基因组( cpDNA) 的PCR-RFLP分析中, 6个标记(87.5% ) 可扩增出1至多条清晰的谱带; 扩增产物经7种限制性内切酶消化后, 6个标记的19种引物/酶组合共检测到53条DNA片段, 其中多态性片段有37条, 占69.8%; 材料间遗传相似系数变化范围为0.571～0.949, 平均值为0.766。在8个线粒体基因组(mtDNA) 的PCR-RFLP标记分析中, 只有3个(37.5%) 标记能得到1条清晰的谱带; 利用7种限制性内切酶对3个标记的扩增产物消化后, 在10种标记/酶组合中, 共检测到33条酶切片段, 其中21条(63.6%) 具有多态性; 遗传相似系数为0.634～1.000, 平均0.829。这些结果表明, RAPD标记揭示的大花蕙兰遗传多样性最高, 其次为cpDNA PCR-RFLP标记, 而mtDNA PCR-RFLP标记揭示的遗传多样性最低。     

Analysis of genetic diversity in Portuguese Ceratonia siliqua L. cultivars using RAPD and AFLP markers

Although carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is of great economic importance little is still known about the pattern of genetic variation within this species. Morphological characteristics based on 31 fruit and seeds of continuous characters determinant for agro-industrial uses, were compared with RAPD and AFLP markers for assessing genetic distances in 68 accessions of carob trees, from different cultivars, varieties and eco-geographic regions of Algarve. Eighteen selected RAPD primers applied to the 68 accessions produced a total of 235 fragments ranging from 200 to 2000 bp, of which 93 (40%) were polymorphic. Four AFLP selective primer combinations generated a total of 346 amplification fragments of which 110 were polymorphic. The average level of polymorphism based on four primer combinations was 31.8%. The phenetic trees based on RAPD and AFLP analyses gave high co-phenetic correlation values, and were found to be consistent in general with the analysis of morphological data, carried out on the same accessions. A number of RAPD and AFLP markers were found to be diagnostic for ‘Canela’ cultivar and 13 wild ungrafted trees.