云南无量山报春花花种质资源的调查

在对滇中南无量山报春花属植物进行系统调查和资料整理的基础上,研究了该属植物在无量山的分布规律及其20种资源(包括亚种和变种)的生境类型和主要种类的观赏性状,包括花、叶及其开花期.同时对无量山报春花资源的保护和合理开发利用提出了建议.     

西藏色季拉山报春花属植物的资源利用价值及前景展望

本文分析总结了西藏色季拉山报春花属植物的资源价值,并揭示了目前色季拉山报春花属植物资源的保护及利用现状,最后对其未来的开发利用空间进行前景展望,指出开展色季拉山报春花属植物资源的深入研究具有重要的科学价值和社会意义。     

云南报春花种质资源分布特点及观赏类型

云南省报春属（Primula）植物有138种,主要分布于滇西北部高山地区,从海拔1000m到4500m均有分布。介绍了云南报春花种质资源的分布特点及其观赏类型,并对云南报春花种质资源开发利用提出了一些建议。     

来自西南山地的瑰宝:灯台报春

报春花是报春花科报春花属植物的统称,与杜鹃花、龙胆花并称三大高山花卉。本属约有500种,主要分布于北半球温带及高山地区,我国有290余种,喜马拉雅山和横断山脉是现代分布中心。绚丽多姿的报春花是“春天的使者”,在西南山地中,随着海拔升高各色报春花从早春二月到盛夏七月,不同种类的报春花次第开放,形成了亚高山草甸上最绚丽多姿的植物(图1)。报春花属中最具吸引力的一组花当属灯台报春组,灯台报春是报春花属的灯台报春组Sect.Proliferae Pax植物的统称,是报春花里最高大的一类,灯台报春直立的花葶高高向上,具有多轮伞形花序,因形似一轮轮的灯台而得名,花色多样,常呈紫、紫红、橘红、橙黄、黄、淡黄及白色。     

国产报春花属植物缀英

报春花,以它的迎风傲雪向人们传递春天到来的信息,所以被人们比作春天的信使。报春花属报春花科,全世界有约500余种,我国就有300余种。国产报春花栽培历史悠久,已成为早春的主要盆栽植物。作为观赏花卉,按其生境,可分为林内阴湿型、疏林透光型、林缘草甸型和高山冷湿型等类型。当今,国产报春花属植物的流行种类有如下各种：     

因《花木盆景》缘 结花木盆景情

四季报春（Pranula abconica)又名四季樱草、鄂报春。报春花科报春花属植物。原产中国西部南部。四季报春株丛不大，表姿高雅，花色富丽，春节前后开花，是著名的高山植物，也是我国人民喜爱的冬季盆花之一。盆栽点缀卧室镜前、厨房壁壁龛和客室地柜，色彩十分柔和，令人心旷神怡。     

云南金丝桃属植物资源的调查研究

 通过对云南分布的金丝桃属植物资源系统调查和资料整理，研究了该属植物在云南的地理分布及24种金丝桃的观赏性状及其资源状况，提出其持续合理开发利用的建议及措施。     

云南醉鱼草属(Buddleja L.) 观赏植物资源的调查研究

 在对云南分布的醉鱼草属观赏资源系统调查和资料整理的基础上, 研究了该属植物在云南的地理分布规律及25 种(包括变种) 醉鱼草的观赏性状, 包括花、叶、香气等观赏特征及其开花期, 指出开发利用面对的问题和应采取的措施。     

西南地区绣线菊属植物资源概况及利用

我国绣线菊属植物资源丰富,是该属的现代分布和分化中心。介绍西南地区绣线菊属植物资源及其分布,对主要种类进行归纳分析,并推荐一些优良的绣线菊植物种类;介绍常用种类及其优良性状、园林应用状况,阐述绣线菊属植物在园林中的应用前景。     

平潭观赏植物资源及其园林应用

为了了解平潭岛的观赏植物资源及其园林应用现状,对平潭观赏植物资源进行了实地调查,记载了平潭岛植物资源约132科515种,原生种(包括经过多年栽培已归化的植物)约69科129种。并分析论述了平潭观赏植物资源的概况以及平潭原生观赏植物属的区系概况。最后提出了平潭观赏植物资源合理开发的意见和建议,为更好地进行平潭绿化建设提供依据。     

秦岭珍稀野生花卉绿花百合资源种质保护及利用

对秦岭珍稀野生花卉资源植物绿花百合的种质资源和分布现状进行了实地考察,剖析了在绿花百合种质资源保护和利用中存在的问题,并对保护和开发利用这一珍贵的植物资源提出了合理建议。     

屋梁山自然保护区药用真菌资源调查与开发

调查和开发屋梁山自然保护区药用真菌资源，对其进行标本采集、整理分类和驯化培育。研究发现屋梁山保护区药用真菌资源丰富，有很高的开发利用价值。     

枇杷种质资源数量分类研究

 对国家果树种质福州枇杷圃的199份枇杷[Eriobotrya japonica（Thunb.）Lindl.]种质资源,应用数量分类学中的Q型聚类分析方法进行分类,并对86个性状进行R型聚类分析和主成分分析。Q型聚类分析将199份种质资源在L = 87.31水平分为栽培品种和野生资源两大类,在L = 34.92水平分为5个组群,组群内来源地相同的种质资源多聚为小组,显示出较近的亲缘关系;R型聚类分析结果将86个性状明显聚为3组,多数性状表现两两相关或关系密切;主成分分析表明,86个性状可简化为28个主因子,其累积贡献率达74.7%,根据28个因子载荷量,选出影响力比较大的性状58个。     

长白山野生草莓资源的调查与分类研究

近10年来对长白山野生草莓资源进行了较深入考察, 共收集到野生资源20份。对其植物分类学性状进行观察记载、对比分析和分类研究, 鉴定它们分属于两种倍性的3个种, 即二倍体种东北草莓(Fragaria mandschurica Staudt) 、四倍体种东方草莓( F. orientals Lozinsk. ) 和伞房草莓( F. corymbosa Lozinsk. ) , 确认前人报道的长白山区分布有东方草莓的一个变种———绿叶东方草莓[ F. orientalis var. concolor(Kitag. ) Liou et C. Y. Li ] 实际为伞房草莓。首次报道长白山分布有伞房草莓。     

籽用南瓜种质资源耐旱性及白粉病抗性研究

对内蒙古地区21份籽用南瓜种质资源的耐旱性和抗白粉病性进行了研究,初步掌握了本地区籽用南瓜品种,尤其是本地区地方品种资源的抗性状况,为进一步挖掘内蒙古地区籽用南瓜种质资源及其利用提供理论基础。     

枇杷种质资源可溶性固形物含量分析

对保存在国家果树种质资源福州枇杷圃内不同来源地的243份枇杷种质资源的可溶性固形物（TSS）含量进行测定分析,结果表明,枇杷种质的TSS含量的差别较大,变异系数为18.01%,存在较丰富的多样性。经K-S检验,TSS含量Sig.值为0.526,符合正态分布。不同风味和果肉颜色的枇杷种质间TSS含量存在显著或极显著差异,不同来源地的枇杷种质TSS含量差异不显著。     

抗寒桑树种质1—脱氧野尻霉素含量测定与分析

为了筛选和鉴定适合寒冷地区药食用途开发的桑树品种,以河北省承德医学院蚕业研究所保存的57份桑树种质资源为材料,采用高效液相色谱法,对各桑树品种(种质)叶片新梢中的1-脱氧野尻霉素(DNJ)含量进行了测定。研究结果表明,不同桑树种质资源桑叶中DNJ含量差异显著,质量比多分布在2.5~4.0 mg/g之间。其中白桑种的家桑、条墩桑的DNJ质量比较高,分别为5.183 mg/g、5.020 mg/g,禾桑含量最低(1.288 mg/g)。测定种质资源以白桑种、鲁桑种居多,且大部分来自河北省地方品种(系),以及辽宁、山东等地的部分品种,少数为南方品种,来源地区不同其DNJ含量也存在一定差异性。     

菠菜种质资源遗传多样性研究进展

我国是世界上最大的菠菜种植国及消费国,但由于受种质资源材料的限制,可用于育种研究的材料极度匮乏,这加大了具备优良商品性状菠菜新品种的培育难度,对菠菜强大的需求与其较不完善的种质相关研究间形成了鲜明的矛盾。综述菠菜的生物学特性、种质资源的基础性研究,基于形态学标记和分子标记的菠菜种质遗传多样性研究进展,并对其进行展望。     

Research advances on the genetic relationships of kiwifruit (Actinidia Lindl.)北大核心CSCD

Kiwifruit is an important fruit tree resource, and is one of the most successful fruit tree species for large-scale commercial cultivation worldwide. The natural distribution of kiwifruit is very extensive, but most of its taxa are mainly concentrated in the area south of the Qinling Mountains and east of the Hengduan Mountains. Chinese kiwifruit is not only a variety, but also different ecological habits. Chinese kiwifruit is rich in germplasm resources, contains a large number of wild resources, and has high genetic diversity, which can provide rich genetic basis and material conditions for the breeding of high- quality cultivars. Germplasm resources research has always been the most important foundation for fruit tree research, especially for breeding. The research on genetic relationship has become the core content of the research and utilization of fruit tree germplasm resources, which can provide a scientific basis for further exploration of species origin and evolution, systematic classification, germplasm conservation and utilization, and fruit tree breeding. Domestic and foreign scholars have studied the genetic relationship of kiwifruit germplasm resources from morphology, palynology, cytology, biochemical analysis to DNA molecular markers, from macroscopic level to microscopic level. The micromorphological characteristics, body size, cell structure and density of the leaf epidermal hair of the kiwifruit were-high polymorphism, which can be used as evidence for species identification. At present, the classification system of kiwifruit plants is mainly based on the type and degree of the indumentum of the fruit and leaves, the spots on the surface of the fruit and the morphology of the medulla of branches, and also giving consideration to the geographical distribution and other factors, as well as the combination of quantitative classification and computer processing methods. Liang C. F. divided the Chinese kiwifruit germplasms into four sections: Sect. Maculatae, Sect. Leiocarpae, Sect. Stellatae and Sect. Strigosae. The Sect. Leiocarpae can be divided into the Ser. Lamellatae and the Ser. Solidae, and the Sect. Stellatae can be divided into the Ser. Imperfectae and the Ser. Perfectae, which constitutes the current taxonomic system of four groups and four systems of Actinidia. However, the morphological characteristics of plants are susceptible to environmental conditions, and there are many subjective factors, which may lead to the divergence of taxonomic opinions. The morphological characteristics of kiwi pollen are controlled by genotypes, which are highly genetic conservation and are not affected by external conditions and carry a large amount of information. Related researchers used scanning electron microscopy to observe the pollen morphology of different species of kiwifruit. They found that the outer wall of the kiwi pollen has a large difference and has a significant polymorphism. They believe that the pollen grains of the genus have 3-colporate or 3-like colporate, which can be used as an important basis for packet classification. Kiwifruit has a wide range of chromosomal ploidy variations. Under natural conditions, diploid, tetraploid, hexaploid, octaploid and even dodecaploid occur, and the distribution pattern is reticulate the intraspecific and interspecific, as well as the sympatric distribution of multi species to various degrees. These make interspecific hybridization and gene introgression frequent, resulting in a series of rich genetic variations. Therefore, in-depth study on the interspecific and intraspecific genetic relationship of kiwifruit plants provides an important basis for breeding new varieties. The karyotype analysis of different ploidy revealed that the chromosome base of kiwifruit was 29, but there is still no clear conclusion about its chromosome origin. The research on the isozyme level shows that the kiwifruit has high genetic diversity at the level of cultivars and species, and there is a high degree of genetic heterozygosity and multiple alleles heterozygosity at its isozyme sites. At the DNA level, researchers used various methods of DNA molecular markers to detect different kiwi germplasm resources. The results showed that kiwifruit species or cultivars had rich genetic diversity, and there were high genetic diversity among different geographical regions. The genetic distance between kiwifruit cultivars was related to geographical distribution. In addition, studies on microsatellite showed that most kiwifruits showed higher heterozygosity, and polyploid kiwifruit had more genetic diversity. In addition to studying nuclear DNA, chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have also received attention in kiwifruit research. The results show that the cpDNA of kiwifruit plants has strict paternal inheritance, and mtDNA has strict maternal inheritance. This rare genetic model complicates the genetic relationship between kiwifruit plants to a certain extent. In general, the research on the genetic relationship of kiwifruit has made great progress, especially the continuous improvement and mutual compensation of various molecular markers in recent years, making the research and analysis of genetic relationship more accurate and reliable. However, there are still many problems to be solved in the study of the genetic relationship of kiwifruit germplasm resources. In the future research, with the continuous innovation of research methods and the deepening of research content, the research on kiwifruit germplasm resources, especially the genetic relationship research, will surely achieve more results. It is of great scientific significance and application value for the rational utilization of abundant kiwifruit germplasm resources in China, especially the exploitation and utilization of a large number of excellent wild or semi-wild resources, and the breeding and industrial development of new kiwifruit varieties. © 2019 Journal of Fruit Science     

红肉猕猴桃种质资源果实性状及AFLP 遗传多样性分析

 对中国红肉猕猴桃种质资源进行收集和调查,并对其进行果实性状变异分析和AFLP 遗传多 样性及遗传关系分析。结果表明,红肉猕猴桃野生资源主要分布于湖南省、湖北省、河南省、江西省、 四川省和陕西省等地,共采集到52 份野生资源和2 份品种资源（包括软枣猕猴桃红肉类型、中华猕猴桃 红肉类型和美味猕猴桃红肉类型）。红肉猕猴桃种质资源在果实性状和DNA 分子水平上都存在丰富的变 异和较高的遗传多样性水平,4 对AFLP 引物共扩增出259 个多态性位点,多态性位点百分率为90.56%, Nei’s 基因多样性和Shannon’s 信息指数分别为0.318 和0.477;资源间遗传相似性系数介于0.568 ~ 0.883 之间,平均为0.714。聚类分析和主坐标分析将54 份资源划分为4 个组,软枣猕猴桃红肉类型单独聚为 一类;中华猕猴桃和美味猕猴桃红肉类型亲缘关系较近且有按地理来源优先聚类的趋势。果实性状数据 和AFLP 数据之间具有极显著的相关性,二者可结合用于红肉猕猴桃资源评价和保护利用工作中。