铜锌不同施用方式对栽培丹参生长和丹参酮类物质积累的影响

通过盆栽土培试验研究了微量元素Cu、Zn的不同施用方式对丹参生长、丹参根多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和丹参根中3种丹参酮积累含量的影响。结果表明,同时施用Cu、Zn两元素的3种施肥方式(基施、追施、叶面喷施)均优于相应的单施Cu、Zn处理。单施Cu的3种施肥方式处理均能显著促进丹参生长和丹参酮类物质的积累,其中叶面喷施处理显著优于两种土施的效果,而两种土施方式相比,差异不显著。在单施Zn肥组和Cu+Zn配施组各处理中,均表现出追施处理最佳,基施又好于喷施的处理,各处理间丹参酮类物质含量差异均达到显著水平。与对照处理相比,对丹参叶面喷施Zn或喷施Cu+Zn均能显著提高丹参酮类物质的含量。这说明对丹参叶面喷施Zn或Cu+Zn元素,可迅速补给丹参Cu、Zn元素营养,改善丹参生物学性状和提高丹参酮类有效成分含量。     

施硒对药用菊花主要有效成分和花中硒含量的影响

采用砂培盆栽试验探讨施Se对药用菊花花中总黄酮、绿原酸和Se含量的影响。结果表明,在施Se量不超过2.0mg/kg时能促进药菊的生长,提高药菊花中总黄酮、绿原酸的含量,药菊花、茎叶和根的干重和花中的总黄酮、绿原酸含量均随施Se量的增加而增加;其中以施Se量为2.0mg/kg处理的效果最佳,该施Se量处理药菊花干重、根干重、花中绿原酸含量与施Se量分别为0、0.25、0.5、1.0mg/kg各处理以上各相应指标的差异均达到显著水平,该施Se量处理药菊花中总黄酮含量高于其他所有5处理,并与施Se量为0mg/kg和0.25mg/kg两处理药菊花中总黄酮含量的差异达到显著水平。过量施Se(4.0mg/kg)对药菊的生长表现出一定抑制作用,其药菊各部位生物量和花中总黄酮、绿原酸含量均低于施Se量2.0mg/kg的处理。药菊花、茎叶和根中的Se含量均随施Se量的增加而增加,菊花茎叶和根中的Se含量与施Se量呈线性相关关系,而菊花花中的Se含量(y)与施Se量(x)符合一元二次回归方程:y=-0.8175x2+6.0045x+0.1363。施用适量的Se既能显著提高药菊花中总黄酮和绿原酸含量,又能大幅提高花中的Se含量,这为富Se菊花及其系列产品的研发提供了理论依据。     

绿洲盐化潮土施镁对玉米幼苗生长、活性氧自由基代谢和锌营养的影响

【目的】甘肃河西走廊绿洲盐化潮土地玉米缺锌现象非常普遍,土壤镁含量高通常被认为是造成土壤和作物缺锌的重要因素之一,本文探讨了绿洲盐化潮土锌、镁之间的关系。【方法】采用盆栽模拟试验方法,以硫酸镁为原料,设加入Mg2+0、74、147、221、515 mg/kg,形成交换性Mg含量分别为287.3、349.2、411.6、487.9、755.2 mg/kg的混合土壤,来模拟绿洲盐化潮土含镁量低、较低、中等、较高、极高5种类型。在玉米生长期间浇灌去离子水,用重量法控制水分的供应。玉米生长45 d收获,测定株高后,采集心叶下第二个叶片鲜样用于测定叶绿素含量,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量。植株分地上部和根系,烘干粉碎后用于测定锌的含量。【结果】1)较高和极高的土壤交换性镁抑制玉米幼苗的生长。镁加入量为22l mg/kg,土壤交换性镁含量达到487.9 mg/kg时,玉米植株矮小,生长已受到胁迫,加入量为515 mg/kg,土壤交换性镁含量达到755.2 mg/kg时,玉米株高显著降低了14.5%,植株叶缘焦枯,个别植株叶片出现白色条纹,表现出明显的镁中毒症状和典型缺锌症状。2)随施镁量的增加或土壤含镁量水平的提高,玉米地上部和地下部的干重分别降低了11.9%~38.3%和4.6%~23.0%,茎叶干重的降低幅度明显高于根系。3)随施镁量的增加或土壤含镁量水平的提高,玉米叶片叶绿素含量降低了9.4%~45.9%,用量达到515 mg/kg时几乎降低了一半,导致地上部叶片出现枯黄。叶片SOD、POD、CAT活性都是先升高再迅速降低,峰值分别出现在147 mg/kg、74 mg/kg和147 mg/kg,用量达到515 mg/kg时分别降低了49.75%、48.06%和32.21%;MDA含量始终呈增加趋势,增幅在20.39%~183.58%。4)施镁显著降低了玉米幼苗的锌含量和吸收量,但对茎叶和根系的抑制程度不同。与不施镁处理相比,茎叶锌含量降低了4.05%~57.09%,吸收量降低了15.41%~73.55%;根系锌含量降低了7.55%~18.99%,吸收量降低了11.62%~37.40%,不管是锌含量还是吸收量,根系的降低幅度都明显低于茎叶。这也导致锌从根系向地上部的转运显著降低,施镁147 mg/kg时锌的转运率还有46.60%,施镁515 mg/kg时只有34.55%,仅达到不施镁水平的62%。5)随着施镁量的增加或土壤含镁量水平的提高,土壤有效锌含量也显著降低,降幅在11.4%~46.6%,特别是施镁515 mg/kg,土壤交换性镁含量达到755.2 mg/kg时,土壤有效锌含量已降至0.47 mg/kg,超过了土壤缺锌临界值(DTPA-Zn0.5 mg/kg)。【结论】绿洲盐化潮土上的玉米缺锌问题与土壤含镁量水平密切相关,随着施镁量的增加,玉米幼苗的生长受到抑制,株高、干重、叶片中的叶绿素含量和SOD、POD、CAT活性都显著降低,MDA含量显著增加。施镁抑制了玉米幼苗对锌的吸收,对茎叶的抑制程度明显高于根系,导致锌从根系向地上部的转运率显著降低。施镁降低了土壤有效锌含量,用量达到515 mg/kg时,土壤有效锌含量已低于缺锌临界值。     

棕壤小白菜施镍生物效应及临界值

利用盆栽试验,研究了棕壤土施镍(Ni)对小白菜生长发育及矿质营养吸收与积累的影响,并通过小白菜生物量、地上部茎叶Ni含量及土壤有效态Ni含量的变化确定了土壤Ni污染的毒性临界值。结果表明,土壤施Ni量在0~25mg/kg范围,小白菜生物量随施Ni量的增加而增加,施Ni量>25mg/kg,随施Ni量增加,生物量呈极显著下降。小白菜茎叶和根系中矿质营养吸收与Ni含量表现为一定的协同或拮抗关系。以生物减产量突变点为依据,确定棕壤土施Ni毒害临界值为:土壤全量Ni为66.36mg/kg,有效态Ni含量为6.21mg/kg(DTPA)和茎叶Ni含量为16.40mg/kg。     

超高产栽培下磷肥运筹对春玉米根系特性的影响

以金山27为供试品种,研究了超高产栽培下不同施磷量（P2O5 0、100、150和200 kg/hm2）和施用方式（传统施磷和分层施磷）对春玉米根系特征及产量的影响。结果表明,根重、4060 cm土层根幅及根系活力均随施磷量的增加而增加,根系SOD和POD活性随施磷量的增加而提高,MDA含量则随施磷量的提高而降低。同一施磷水平下,分层施磷不仅能促进春玉米根重的增加和下层土壤中根条数的增多; 同时能延缓生育后期不同土层中根系活力下降,提高根系SOD和POD活性,降低MDA含量。在100 kg/hm2施磷量下,分层施磷较传统施磷增产7.1%,产量差异达到5%显著水平; 在150 kg/hm2和200 kg/hm2施磷量条件下,分层施磷与传统施磷的产量差异不显著。     

施磷对镉胁迫下黄瓜苗期光合作用及抗氧化酶系统的影响

  目的  探究石灰性土壤中施磷对镉胁迫下黄瓜苗期光合作用及抗氧化酶系统的影响,为合理施用磷肥、缓解镉毒害提供依据。  方法  采用盆栽完全组合设计方案,研究了不同土壤镉添加水平（0、1、3和5 mg kg?1土）下施加不同浓度磷（0、50、100、150和200 mg P₂O₅ kg?1土）对黄瓜苗期生物量、叶片光合作用及抗氧化酶系统的影响。  结果  随着施Cd量的增加,黄瓜生物量先增后降,黄瓜叶片的净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）显著降低,胞间CO₂浓度（Ci）呈上升趋势。施加适量磷（≤ 150 mg P₂O₅ kg?1）能够显著提高黄瓜生物量、Pn、Gs、Tr、叶绿素总量和类胡萝卜素含量（Car）,降低叶片中Ci。对于抗氧化酶系统来说,随着施Cd量的增加黄瓜叶片中过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性显著降低,丙二醛（MDA）含量明显增加。施磷后,能够明显增强抗氧化酶系统。施Cd量为1 mg kg?1,施磷量为50和100 mg P₂O₅ kg?1时,CAT活性增加了1.9% ~ 9.6%。施Cd量为3和5 mg kg?1时,随着施磷量的增加,POD和CAT活性出现不同程度增加,与不施磷相比,POD活性分别增加了149.1% ~ 197.8%和150.4% ~ 252.0%,CAT活性分别增加了5.8% ~ 16.6%和0.55% ~ 19.4%,其中施磷量为100 mg P₂O₅ kg?1时黄瓜叶片POD和CAT活性达到最大。同时,施P能够降低叶片中MDA含量,且随着施磷量的增加而降低。  结论  在石灰性土壤中,施磷量为100和150 mg P₂O₅ kg?1时,能够明显缓解镉毒害,增强黄瓜叶片的光合作用及抗氧化酶系统,而施磷量达到200 mg P₂O₅ kg?1时则对黄瓜生长产生抑制作用。     

施肥对丹参产量及丹参根主要有效成份含量的影响

研究了苏北中药材种植基地常用有机肥及化肥对丹参产量和丹参根主要有效成份丹参酮ⅡA、丹参酮Ⅰ、隐丹参酮、丹酚酸B含量的影响。结果表明,施肥可以提高丹参根产量,影响三种丹参酮及丹酚酸B的含量。有机肥对丹参产量和丹参酮、丹酚酸B含量的影响优于化肥,三种有机肥常规施肥水平处理均优于相对应的两倍施用量处理;三种有机肥中猪粪较菜籽饼和鸡粪更有利于丹参酮和丹酚酸B的累积。根膨大期的丹参根中三种丹参酮、丹酚酸B的含量高于成熟期。为了提高丹参产量,稳定其有效成分含量,建议大田生产中合理施用有机肥,适度密植,适当提早采收期。     

施钾方式对高产春玉米根系分布及其活力的影响

[目的]探讨施钾方式(一次性施入和钾肥后移)对高产春玉米根系特性的影响,为高产春玉米钾素养分调控提供理论依据。[方法]以金山27玉米为供试品种,2个施钾水平(K2O 150和300kg/hm2)及施钾后移处理下,测定不同生育时期各土层根系干物质重、根系活力及其酶活性,成熟期测定根条数、根幅。[结果]300kg/hm2施钾水平与150kg/hm2施钾水平相比,各土层根系干重增加,尤以吐丝前0—20cm土层为根干重增加幅度最大,20—60cm土层根干重占总干重比例减小,尤以乳熟期为甚;各土层根条数、最大根幅增加,最大根幅下移;各生育时期各土层根系活力、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化物酶(POD)活性随施钾量增加而增加,丙二醛(MDA)含量下降。相同施钾水平下,施钾后移各生育时期0—60cm各土层根系干重减小;0—20cm土层根干重占总干重比例增加;最大根幅、根条数及最大根幅深度均减少,且随土层深度增加差异增大;各土层根系活力、SOD酶活性和POD酶活性降低,MAD含量增加。[结论]300kg/hm2施钾量较150kg/hm2施钾量促进玉米根系生长,且延缓根系衰老,尤其可促进深层根系的生长;同一施钾水平下,施钾后移则促进作用不明显,甚至降低了根系的干重。     

施磷对吊兰修复镉污染土壤及土壤酶活性的影响

选用吊兰进行室内盆栽,研究在Cd污染土壤中,施用不同剂量磷肥对吊兰生理指标、土壤酶活性等的影响,为合理施用磷肥,提高Cd污染土壤的植物修复效果提供参考依据。结果表明:吊兰在100mg/kg的Cd污染土壤中能正常生长,施P对吊兰的叶绿素、细胞膜透性、抗氧化酶活性影响显著(p0.01),表现为低浓度促进,高浓度抑制作用。当施磷量为200mg/kg时,叶绿素含量、CAT酶活性最大,外渗电导率和MDA含量最低,POD酶活性开始上升,说明施磷能使吊兰的细胞膜受害程度最低,抗氧化作用增强。同时,施P有利于改善Cd污染土壤的酶系统,对过氧化氢酶、脲酶的活性表现为低浓度促进、高浓度抑制,对蔗糖酶的活性表现相反,对磷酸酶的活性表现抑制作用;且200mg/kg的磷处理时,过氧化氢酶、脲酶的活性最高,蔗糖酶的活性最低。4种土壤酶活性均与P浓度呈高度相关性(p0.05),相关性为脲酶过氧化氢酶蔗糖酶磷酸酶。     

磷肥对苦参生长和生物总碱的效应

采用盆栽试验,设施P2O5 0、15、30、60 mg/kg 等4个水平,研究了磷肥对苦参生长、生物总碱含量和生物总碱产量的效应。结果表明,施用磷肥对苦参生长以及苦参总碱含量均有显著促进效应。施P2O5 30 mg/kg苦参根鲜重、干重和根直径显著高于对照和60 mg/kg处理,分别较对照增加23.5％、18.5％和14％;施P2O515 mg/kg处理苦参叶绿素含量、总碱含量和单株总碱产量显著高于对照和60 mg/kg处理,分别较对照增加17.1％、34.8%和56.3％。磷对单株干重增加效应主要是由于主根干重增加所致;苦参根中苦参总碱含量的增加则是由于叶片中叶绿素含量增加。施磷量30 mg/kg根干重最高,施磷量15 mg/kg苦参总碱含量最高。综合分析表明,获得较高的单株苦参总碱产量适宜的施P2O5量是15 mg/kg。     

硒对铬胁迫下茄子生理特性及铬吸收的影响

为探讨硒对茄子中铬胁迫的缓解作用,采用土培盆栽方式,研究了不同铬胁迫水平下,施加不同浓度的硒对茄子生长、生理特性及铬吸收的影响。结果表明,随着铬浓度增加,单一铬处理植株生长明显受到抑制,铬毒害表现为株高、根长、根、茎、叶干重及叶绿素含量受抑制。随着铬浓度的增加,叶片中的叶绿素和可溶性蛋白呈下降趋势,丙二醛(MDA)含量呈上升趋势,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性呈先上升后下降的趋势。铬硒混合处理结果表明硒有减轻茄子铬毒害的作用,不同浓度的铬胁迫下,施加不同浓度的硒缓解效果不同,10,20,40,80mg/kg的铬处理下,分别施用12,24,48,48mg/kg的硒缓解效果较好,茄子的株高、根长、生物量均有所增加,叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量显著提高,丙二醛含量和植株体内铬的积累降低。     

土壤中铅锰复合污染对烟草生长及其吸收铅和锰的影响

采用盆栽试验方法研究Pb与Mn复合污染对烟草生长及其吸收积累Pb、Mn的影响,以便弄清在Pb与Mn复合污染条件下烟草的生长情况.试验结果表明:Pb与Mn复合污染可影响烟草的生长发育,在土壤中Pb浓度(500 mg/kg)不变的情况下,随着土壤中Mn浓度的提高,烟草株高、根长、根系和茎叶的干重不断减少,当土壤中Mn浓度达到2500 mg/kg时,烟草的株高、根长和烟草的产量减少分别达到极显著水平(p＜0.01).Pb与Mn复合污染也影响烟草对Pb和Mn的吸收与积累,当土壤中Pb浓度不变时,随着土壤中Mn浓度的增加,烟草各部分中Pb含量和Mn含量都在不断的提高.此外,Mn可促进烟草对Pb的吸收与积累.     

施肥和外源砷对小白菜生长和抗性生理的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究了施用有机肥料与氮、 磷、 钾肥以及不同浓度砷对小白菜（Brassica campestris L. ssp. Chinensis L.）株高、 根长、 单株鲜重、 砷含量以及小白菜植株脯氨酸（Pro）、 丙二醛（MDA）、 超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、 过氧化物酶（POD）等的影响。结果表明: 在施肥条件下外源砷10 mg/kg促进小白菜生长,鲜重最高,株高、 根长增加,外源砷继续提高则抑制小白菜生长; 小白菜砷含量随外源砷提高而增加,施肥则促进砷吸收; 小白菜Pro和MDA含量随外源砷提高而增加,施肥则有助于降低Pro和MDA含量; 小白菜POD活性在不施肥处理下随砷浓度的提高呈上升下降的变化趋势,且以砷 50 mg/kg时最高; 在施肥条件下随砷浓度的增加而增强; 小白菜SOD活性在有机肥处理下随砷浓度的增加而增强,在不施肥、 施氮磷钾肥以及氮磷钾肥和有机肥混施处理下随砷浓度的升高呈上升下降的变化趋势,均以砷 50 mg/kg处理最高。     

Effect of cadmium toxicity on micronutrient concentration,uptake and partitioning in seven rice cultivars

Heavy metal uptake, translocation and partitioning differ greatly among plant cultivars and plant parts. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effect of cadmium (Cd) levels (0, 45 and 90 mg kg^?1 soil) on dry matter yield, and concentration, uptake and translocation of Cd, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu in seven rice cultivars. Application of 45 mg Cd kg^?1 soil decreased root and shoot dry weight. On average, shoot and root Cd concentrations and uptake increased in all cultivars, but micronutrients uptake decreased following the application of 45 mg Cd kg^?1. No significant differences were observed between 45 and 90 mg kg^?1 Cd levels. On average, Cd treatments resulted in a decrease in Zn, Fe and Mn concentrations in shoots and Zn, Cu and Mn concentrations in roots. Differences were observed in Cd and micronutrient concentrations and uptake among rice cultivars. Translocation factor, defined as the shoot/root concentration ratio indicated that Cu and Fe contents in roots were higher than in shoots. The Mn concentration was much higher in shoots. Zinc concentrations were almost similar in the two organs of rice at 0 and 45 mg Cd kg^?1. A higher Cd level, however, led to a decrease in the Zn concentration in shoots.     

Differences in manganese efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and raya (Brassica juncea L.) as related to root‐shoot relations and manganese influx

Manganese efficiency is a term used to describe the ability of plants to obtain higher relative yields at low Mn supply compared to other species. To evaluate Mn efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and raya (Brassica juncea L.), a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted using Mn deficient Typic Ustochrept loamy sand soil, treated with 0, 50, and 100 mg Mn (kg soil)^–1. In the no‐Mn treatment, wheat had produced only 30 % of its maximum dry matter yield (DMY) with a shoot concentration of 10.8 mg Mn (kg DM)^–1 after 51 days of growth, while raya had produced 65 % of its maximum DMY with 13.0 mg Mn (kg DM)^–1. Taking relative shoot yield as a measure of Mn efficiency, raya was more efficient than wheat. Both crops produced the maximum DMY with 50 mg Mn (kg soil)^–1. Even though raya had a lower root length : DMY ratio and a higher shoot growth rate, it acquired higher Mn concentrations in the shoot than wheat under similar soil conditions, because of a 2.5 times higher Mn influx. Model calculations were used to calculate the difference of Mn solution concentration (ΔC_L) between the bulk soil (C_Li) and the root surface (C_L0) that is needed to drive the flux by diffusion equal to the measured influx. The results showed that ΔC_L was smaller than C_Li, which indicates that chemical mobilization of Mn was not needed to explain the observed Mn uptake even for raya. According to these calculations, the higher Mn influx of raya was caused by more efficient uptake kinetics, allowing for a 4.5 times higher Mn influx at the same Mn concentration at the root surface.     

铜、锌对丹参的产量和品质的影响

通过砂培试验研究了铜、锌对丹参根重,丹参根中3种丹参酮的含量及其累积量的影响以及铜、锌在丹参体内的迁移与分布规律。结果表明,丹参根重和3种丹参酮的含量及累积量均随着铜、锌处理水平的提高而增加。丹参根重的增加幅度以生长初期为最大,末期为最小;而丹参酮的累积量的增幅则以生长初期和前期最大。对3种丹参酮含量的动态监测表明,铜、锌处理后60 d,3种丹参酮含量最低,随着时间的推移,丹参酮的含量逐渐增大,到120 d达到高峰期,150 d时又开始下降。丹参地上部和地下部铜、锌的含量均随处理浓度增高而增大,而且铜、锌主要累积在丹参地下部分。另外,地上和地下部铜、锌的含量均随时间的推移而表现为先增大后减小,处理后150 d时达到最大值,180 d时则稍有降低。     

Effect of Free Manganese Activity on Yield and Uptake of Micronutrient Cations by Barley and Oat grown in Chelator-buffered Nutrient Solution

The uptake of micronutrient cations in relation to varying activities of Mn²⁺ was studied for barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. Thule) and oat (Avena sativa L. var. Biri) grown in chelator buffered nutrient solution. Free activities of Mn²⁺ were calculated by using the chemical speciation programme GEOCHEM-PC. Manganese deficient conditions induced elevated concentrations of Zn and Fe in shoots of both species. The corresponding antagonistic relationship between Mn and Cu could only be seen in barley. The observed antagonistic relationships were only valid as long as the plant growth was limited by Mn deficiency. The Mn concentration in both plant species increased significantly with increasing Mn²⁺ activity in the nutrient solution. The concentration of Mn in the shoots of oat was higher than for barley except under severe Mn deficiency where it was found equal for both species. Manganese was accumulated in the roots of barley at high Mn²⁺ activity. The different shoot concentrations of Mn between barley and oat are therefore attributed to the extent of Mn translocation from roots to shoots. Manganese deficiency induced a significant increase in the shoot to root ratio in both species.     

Effect of external phosphorus and seed phosphorus supply on the shoot and root growth of yellow serradella,burr medic,and subterranean clover

Glasshouse studies were undertaken to compare the responses of yellow sertadella, subterranean clover, and burr medic to changes in phosphorus (P) supply. Shoot growth at 35–50 days after sowing was related to differences in their physical root characteristics and their ability to take up P under conditions of limiting and adequate P supply. Subterranean clover and burr medic were also compared in their shoot response to applied P when seed with differing concentrations of P was sown. Where P supply limited the growth of subterranean clover shoots by at least 40%, yellow sertadella produced more shoot weight, had a lower root and shoot ratio, and longer, thinner roots than both subterranean clover and burr medic. Burr medic produced less shoot weight, had a higher root and shoot ratio and shorter, thicker roots than the other two species. Yellow serradella was also able to take up more P (greater shoot P content per gram root and per meter length root) than subterranean clover, whereas burr medic had the lowest ability to take up P. When P supply was adequate for near maximum growth, yellow serradella and burr medic had similar shoot weight to subterranean clover. Yellow serradella still had the lowest root and shoot ratio, the thinnest roots and a greater shoot P content per gram and per meter roots than subterranean clover, but subterranean clover had similar or slightly longer roots. Burr medic also had the highest root and shoot ratio, but now had roots longer and as thick or thicker than subterranean clover roots. The shoot P content per gram and per meter root in burr medic relative to subterranean clover varied with experiment. Sowing seed with a higher initial concentration of P increased the curvature coefficient of the response to applied P, reduced the absolute response to applied P, and altered the comparative requirement of subterranean clover and burr medic for applied P at 90% maximum yield.     

Genotypic differences in effects of cadmium on growth and nutrient compositions in wheat

Abstract

A solution culture study was conducted to determine the genotypic difference in the effects of cadmium (Cd) addition on growth and on the uptake and distribution of Cd and other 11 nutrients in wheat plants. Cadmium addition at a rate of 1 mg L^?1 significantly reduced root and shoot dry matter production, shoot height, root length, chlorophyll content, and tillers per plant. On the average of 16 wheat genotypes used in study, Cd concentrations of Cd‐treated plants were 48.1 and 459 μg g^?1 dry weight (DW) in shoots and roots, respectively, and retained 77.91% of total Cd taken up in the roots. On the whole, Cd addition reduced the concentration of sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), molybdenum (Mo), manganese (Mn), and boron (B), and increased iron (Fe), irrespective of the plant parts. The effect of Cd on the concentration of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and copper (Cu) differed in shoots and roots. The significant difference existed among 16 wheat genotypes in their response to Cd in terms of growth and nutrient concentrations. Genotype E81513, which showed relatively less inhibition in growth, had the lowest shoot Cd concentration and more Cd accumulation in roots, while Ailuyuang had the highest Cd concentration and accumulation in shoot with lower Cd concentration in root. The significant interaction was found between Cd treatment and genotype for all nutrient concentrations in both shoot and root, except S and Zn in root.     

矿山生态型和非矿山生态型粗齿冷水花富磷能力的比较

【目的】研究适宜施氮条件下磷富集植物粗齿冷水花的磷积累能力,可为有效利用该植物提取土壤中过剩的磷、减少磷的面源污染提供理论依据。【方法】以两种生态型粗齿冷水花 (Pilea sinofasciata) 为研究对象,进行土培盆栽试验,供试土壤为灰潮土,每盆 (8 L) 装土8 kg。分别施磷0、400、600、800 mg/kg,陈化8周。幼苗种植前,每盆施入140 mg/kg尿素。移栽9周后收获,测定植株生物量、磷含量,分析了土壤速效磷含量。【结果】1) 在供试施磷量范围内,两种生态型粗齿冷水花地上部、地下部生物量在施磷600 mg/kg时达最大,此时矿山生态型地上部、地下部生物量分别是其不施磷对照的2.37和3.69倍,非矿山生态型地上部、地下部生物量是其不施磷对照的4.63和7.36倍,矿山与非矿山生态型地上部生物量最大值分别可达28.6 g/株和31.9 g/株。矿山生态型生物量在不施磷和施磷400 mg/kg时显著大于非矿山生态型,在施磷600、800 mg/kg时两生态型间无明显差异。2) 随施磷量增加,两种生态型粗齿冷水花地上部磷含量和矿山生态型地下部磷含量均表现为先升高后降低,在施磷800 mg/kg时显著降低,而非矿山生态型地下部磷含量随施磷量增加而增加,在施磷800 mg/kg时达最高。各磷处理下,矿山生态型地上部磷含量均显著高于非矿山生态型,而地下部磷含量低于非矿山生态型。3) 高磷处理显著增加了两种生态型粗齿冷水花地上部、地下部磷积累量,且在施磷600 mg/kg时植株磷积累量最大,矿山生态型与非矿山生态型地上部磷积累量最高分别可达195 mg/株和182 mg/株。在不施磷和施磷400 mg/kg时,矿山生态型地上部磷积累量显著高于非矿山生态型,在施磷600、800 mg/kg时两生态型间无明显差异。4) 不同磷处理下,两种生态型磷富集系数远大于1,磷转移率大于80%;矿山生态型的磷提取率和移除量在不施磷和施磷400 mg/kg时均大于非矿山生态型,在施磷600、800 mg/kg时两生态型间无明显差异。【结论】适宜施氮条件下,粗齿冷水花在施磷600 mg/kg时表现出较强的磷富集能力。与非矿山生态型相比,矿山生态型在不施磷和施磷400 mg/kg时对磷的积累能力和富磷潜力更强;在施磷600、800 mg/kg时两生态型植株对土壤磷的富集能力无明显差异。