木质生物质能源的开发利用现状与展望

由于化石能源资源量有限,生物质能源的研究开发和利用就具有越来越重要的意义.详细阐述国内外对木质生物质能源的开发利用现状,并对木质生物质能源的发展前景做了展望.     

中国生物质能源的开发前景及适用植物探讨

从生物质能源开发的主要途径,生物质能源开发应重视的几个关键问题上论述了中国生物质能源的开发前景,又以生物质固体、液体、气体能源植物的角度介绍了适用于生物质能源开发的植物种类。     

竹类植物的生物质能源利用研究进展

讨论了竹类作为生物质能源植物进行利用的可行性,对竹类植物的能源利用和研究现状进行了概述,并对能源竹的发展前景进行了展望。     

木质生物质快速热解生物油产率影响因素分析

木质生物质能是可再生能源的重要组成部分,快速热解技术是国内外木质生物质能源化的热点研究课题.本文在简要总结木质生物质快速热解技术的基础上,着重对快速热解过程中热解温度、升温速率、压力、气相滞留时间、木质生物质物料特性、催化剂、热解反应器等因素对生物油产率的影响进行了论述,阐明了提高生物油产率的快速热解工艺条件.     

征订启事

《林产化学与工业》(双月刊)由中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所、中国林学会林产化学化工分会共同主办,为全国林产化工行业的学术类期刊。报道范围是可再生的木质和非木质生物质资源的化学加工与利用,包括生物质能源、生物质化学品、生物质新材料、生物质天然活性成分和制浆造纸等,主要包括松脂化学、生物质能源化学、生物质     

第二章 中国林木生物质能源资源培育与发展潜力调查

能源危机是当今人类发展面临的严重挑战。开发和利用林木生物质能源是当前全球应对能源危机和气候变化的最重要的措施之一。中国有丰富的林木生物质能源资源，其种类多、生物量大，燃烧值高，具有重要的利用和发展潜力，是生产“木质煤、生物柴油、生物乙醇”的重要再生生物能源。因此。大力培育与利用这一能源，具有十分重要的战略意义。     

中国竹类生物质能源开发利用及前景展望

目前世界面临着能源短缺和环境保护的双重压力, 大力开发生物质能源是实现经济社会可持续发展的必然选择。文中对竹类植物作为一种全新的可再生能源资源的开发现状、利用途径进行探讨, 分析了在我国发展竹类生物质能源具有资源丰富、土地充足、市场巨大、政策支持等优势。同时针对竹类能源产业化所面临的问题, 提出竹类生物质能源发展的对策, 并展望竹类能源产业的发展前景。     

《林产化学与工业》征订启事

正《林产化学与工业》(双月刊,1981年创刊),由中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所、中国林学会林产化学化工分会共同主办,为全国林产化工行业的学术类期刊。报道范围是可再生的木质和非木质生物质资源的化学加工与利用,研究领域为生物质能源、生物质化学品、生物质新材料、生物质天然活性成分和制浆造纸等,主要包括松脂化学、生物质能源化学、生物质炭材料、生物基功能高分子材料、     

《林产化学与工业》征稿简约

《林产化学与工业》是中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所和中国林学会林产化学化工分会共同主办的学术类刊物。报道范围是可再生的木质和非木质林产品和生物质资源的化学加工与利用,包括生物质能源、生物质化学品和生物质材料等,主要包括生物质资源的热转化、热化学转化和活性炭,     

《林产化学与工业》征稿简约

《林产化学与工业》是中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所和中国林学会林产化学化工分会共同主办的学术类刊物。报道范围是可再生的木质和非木质林产品和生物质资源的化学加工与利用,包括生物质能源、生物质化学品和     

Potential Impact of Forest Bioenergy on Environment in China

Forest bioenergy is an alternative to fossil energy.Although forest bioenergy is of great value to ease energy supply,there is still a strong call for the research of what impact forest bioenergy plantation will exert on environment if under large scale development.By discussing the resource potential and development status of forest bioenergy,the paper attempts to explore the potential impact of forest bioenergy on environment and give some recommendations to mitigate and even avoid negative impact.     

论我国林业生物质能源林培育与发展

能源危机和生态环境压力使世界发达国家纷纷转向发展和利用生物质能源,发展生物质能产业也是我国缓解能源供应压力和解决环境问题的途径之一。林业生物质能资源培育是一项系统工程,要从统筹资源培育和产业发展、进行现状及发展潜力调查评价、制定资源培育及产业发展总体规划、加强科技和加强优惠财税政策等方面做好工作;同时,处理好产业与生态、森林多目标培育的关系,处理好国家、企业和能源林经营者三者之间的关系,以促进我国林业生物质能产业健康快速发展。     

Potential forest biomass resource as feedstock for bioenergy and its economic value in Indonesia

Indonesia has abundant forest biomass resource, which should not be considered as a low economic value resource. This forest biomass resource can be converted into bioenergy through various technologies and it becomes one of sources in Indonesia's energy mix. This paper focuses on forest residues generated primarily from the harvesting of natural production forests and industrial forest plantations; and wood processing mill residues. The estimated total potential forest biomass in Indonesia for bioenergy in the year 2013 was 132 PJ. About 50.4% resulted from harvesting residues and 49.6% from wood processing residues. Riau province has the largest potential bioenergy followed by Central Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, East Java, South Sumatera, Central Java and Jambi, which all together accounted for 87% of total potential bioenergy. Moreover, three major islands accounted for 95% of total potential bioenergy. Using a conversion return approach, the economic value of forest biomass when it was pelletized was estimated to be about US$ 5.6 per ton wood residues. The economic value of forest biomass is more sensitive to changes in the price of wood pellet than to changes in the collection and hauling cost of wood residues.     

Bioenergy from the forest sector: Economic potential and interactions with timber and forest products markets in Norway

Abstract

A partial equilibrium forest sector model which is augmented to include bioenergy was applied to project the use of bioenergy based on forest fuels and forest industry by-products in Norway for three different scenarios of the future prices of electricity and oil. The impacts on forestry and forest industries of the different energy price scenarios were also studied. The advantage of the suggested methodology is that it allows for assessments of the economic potential of bioenergy, taking into account the competition for raw materials, the specific heat demand of various regions, and interregional and international trade. Bioenergy will, according to this study, be fairly competitive in some market segments with the current price levels of electricity and oil, and only a minor increase (decrease) in energy (roundwood) prices would release substantially increased bioenergy production levels. Pulpwood prices of pine and non-coniferous species are projected to increase substantially when assuming increasing energy prices. Except for particleboard mills, production levels of forest industries appeared relatively insensitive to the energy price changes.     

An integrated assessment approach to optimal forest bioenergy production for young Scots pine stands

Background: Bioenergy is re-shaping opportunities and imperatives of forest management. This study demonstrates,through a case study in Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.), how forest bioenergy policies affect stand management strategies.Methods: Optimization studies were examined for 15 Scots pine stands of different initial stand densities, site types, and temperature sum regions in Finland. Stand development was model ed using the Pipe Qual stand simulator coupled with the simulation-optimization tool Opti For Bioenergy to assess three forest bioenergy policies on energy wood harvest from early thinnings.Results: The optimal solutions maximizing bare land value indicate that conventional forest management regimes remain optimal for sparse stands. Energy harvests occurred only when profitable, led to lower financial returns. A forest bioenergy policy which included compulsory energy wood harvesting was optimal for denser stands. At a higher interest rate(4 %), increasing energy wood price postponed energy wood harvesting. In addition, our results show that early thinning somewhat reduced wood quality for stands in fertile sites. For less fertile sites, the changes were insignificant.Conclusions: A constraint of profitable energy wood harvest is not rational. It is optimal to carry out the first thinning with a flexible forest bioenergy policy depending on stand density.     

Effects of bioenergy extraction on visual preferences in boreal forests: a review of surveys from Finland,Sweden and Norway

Increased forest biomass production for bioenergy will have various consequences for landscape scenery, depending on both the landscape features present and the character and intensity of the silvicultural and harvesting methods used. We review forest preference research carried out in Finland, Sweden and Norway, and discuss these findings in relation to bioenergy production in boreal forest ecosystems. Some production methods and related operations incur negative reactions among the public, e.g. stump harvesting, dense plantation, soil preparation, road construction, the use of non-native species, and partly also harvest of current non-productive forests. Positive visual effects of bioenergy production tend to be linked to harvesting methods such as tending, thinning, selective logging and residue harvesting that enhance both stand and landscape openness, and visual and physical accessibility. Relatively large differences in findings between studies underline the importance of local contextual knowledge about landscape values and how people use the particular landscape where different forms of bioenergy production will occur. This scientific knowledge may be used to formulate guiding principles for visual management of boreal forest bioenergy landscapes.     

Effects of bioenergy production on environmental sustainability: a preliminary study based on expert opinions in Italy and Turkey

In future decades, initiatives on biomass-based energy development in Europe should reduce fossil fuel dependence and help to combat climate change as required by the conference of the parties 21. In this context, forest biomass can play a key role within the bioenergy sector due to its high growth potential. The use of forest biomass for energy has positive and negative effects on other ecosystem services, on stand characteristics, and on forest management practices. The aim of this study is to analyse the effects of forest bioenergy production on six ecosystem services (biodiversity, recreation, landscape aesthetics, carbon sequestration, soil erosion protection, water quality). These effects have been assessed by 80 experts in two countries (Italy and Turkey), considering two different forest management practices (clear-cutting of coppices and woody residue removal after felling in high forests). The results show that coppice clear-cutting has negative effects on almost all ecosystem services according to the experts’ opinions. The highest negative effects are on landscape aesthetics and soil protection. The effects of woody residue removal on biodiversity, carbon sequestration, soil erosion protection, and water quality are considered negative by the experts, while the effects on recreation activities and landscape aesthetics are considered positive. The highest negative effects of this forest management scenario are on soil protection and biodiversity. The experts’ opinions about the effects of forest management practices on ecosystem services can provide information to understand the environmental sustainability of bioenergy development in future years.     

杉木、马尾松人工林地表可燃物利用潜力分析

对杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)、马尾松(Pinus massoniana)人工纯林及其混交林4m以下树冠上的枝叶、灌木层、草本植物层和枯枝落叶层的负荷量和生物质能进行了调查测定,计算了其林分地表可燃物每公顷可利用的生物质能的产出量,并估算了我国现有杉木、马尾松人工林地表可燃物可利用生物质能的潜力.结果表明,全国现有杉木、马尾松林可利用地表可燃物的生物质潜能高达1 057.31万～1 211.54万t标准煤,产业化前景非常广阔.同时,作为用材林营造的杉木、马尾松人工林,自进入中龄林之前至成熟林阶段,每隔3 a可以重复利用一次,每公顷地表可燃物累计产出生物质能702.64-805.13 kg标准煤.从森林培育和森林防火的角度看,可以把马尾松林作为能源林进行经营,并通过地表可燃物的定期利用来降低森林火险,提高全林分的抗火性.     

内蒙古自治区林业生物质能源林基地建设现状与发展对策

针对内蒙古自治区文冠果能源林基地建设检查结果,阐述了能源林基地建设现状,并对存在的问题进行了分析,为进一步发展和完善能源林基地建设提出了对策建议。     

Whole-tree harvesting with stump removal versus stem-only harvesting in peatlands when water quality,biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation matter

This article examines alternative forest harvesting regimes when ecosystem services in terms of water quality, biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation are included in the analysis. The harvesting regimes are whole-tree harvesting with stump removal and conventional stem-only harvesting. The harvesting regimes are evaluated under two alternative climate policy contexts. The first alternative is a carbon neutral bioenergy policy, which assumes the carbon dioxide (CO₂) neutrality of bioenergy and produces substitution benefits, as bioenergy replaces fossil fuels. The second alternative climate policy, a carbon non-neutral bioenergy policy, takes into account the fact that bioenergy causes carbon dioxide emissions, producing substitution costs, and that harvested woody biomass affects the ability of a forest to act as a carbon sink. We extend the traditional Faustmann (1849) rotation model to include nutrient load damage, biodiversity benefits, and climate impacts. The empirical analysis is based on Finnish data from a catchment experiment carried out on drained peatland forests. The empirical results show that under a carbon neutral bioenergy policy, whole-tree harvesting with stump removal produces the highest net social benefits. However, if a carbon non-neutral bioenergy policy is assumed, the net social benefits are greater under stem-only harvesting.