辣椒叶片基因组DNA提取方法的研究

本项研究采用SDS法、CTAB1法、CTAB2法及CTAB3法对辣椒叶片基因组DNA进行提取,通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳法与紫外吸收检测法对DNA的纯度进行检测。试验证明几种提取方法均能提取出辣椒叶片的基因组DNA,其中CTAB3法提取的DNA经琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测得到一条迁移率很低的整齐清晰的DNA条带,所提取DNA的质量和纯...     

辣椒叶片DNA提取方法的优化

对提取植物DNA的CTAB法进行了改进.使用Retsch研磨仪极大地提高了效率,并在CTAB提取液中添加0.2%的二硫苏糖醇可以有效防止酚类物质的氧化及与DNA的不可逆结合.紫外吸收检测DNA A260/A280=1.7～1.8;经琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测得到一条带型较宽且清晰的DNA谱带,辣椒叶片DNA平均产量为29.8μg/100 mg,证明所提取DNA的质量和得率均较高;酶切结果表明DNA质量较高,能够酶切完全;PCR扩增到的特异性条带明亮、整齐,基本无拖尾,达到各种分子标记等研究技术的要求.     

山楂总DNA提取方法的比较

为选择一种快速、简单、有效的山楂总DNA的提取方法,分别应用改良CTAB法、改良SDS法和QIAGEN试剂盒法提取山楂幼嫩叶片的总DNA,用紫外分光光度计、琼脂糖凝胶电泳和RAPD对所提取的总DNA进行检测。QIAGEN试剂盒法简单省时,提取的山楂总DNA产量高、纯度高、杂质少、DNA碎片少。以该法提取的总DNA为模板进行RAPD扩增,谱带清晰,多态性、稳定性、重复性好。QIAGEN试剂盒法是较为理想的山楂总DNA提取方法,该法提取的总DNA适用于PCR扩增和其他分子生物学研究。     

不夜城芦荟基因组DNA提取方法的比较研究

以不夜城芦荟的幼嫩叶片为试材,分别采用SDS法和CTAB法以及简化的CTAB法对基因组DNA进行提取,并利用紫外分光光度计和琼脂糖凝胶电泳法检测其DNA的浓度、纯度及质量,以期筛选不夜城芦荟基因组DNA提取的最合适方法.结果表明:对比不夜城芦荟基因组DNA提取的3种方法,无论从提取浓度还是纯度上来看,SDS法均明显优于其它方法.     

枣树幼叶总RNA提取方法的比较研究

以枣树幼嫩叶片为试材,分别采用DEPC水法、SDS抽提法、CTAB-LiCl和异硫氰酸胍法4种方法进行总RNA的提取试验,并对其进行了紫外、变性琼脂糖凝胶电泳及RT-PCR检测。结果表明:4种提取方法中DEPC水法提取的总RNA质量最好,SDS抽提法和CTAB-LiCl法次之,异硫氰酸胍法效果最差。     

花椒DNA提取方法的研究

采用经过改良的SDS法和CTAB法对不同品种花椒进行基因组DNA提取,用核酸蛋白分析仪测量DNA浓度,将提取的基因组DNA进行ISSR分析,以期找到一种提取花椒总DNA提取的最优方法。结果表明:改良的CTAB法更适合花椒基因组DNA的提取,CTAB法比SDS法提取的DNA纯度好,所获得DNA样品的OD260/OD280比值在1.8~2.0范围内,琼脂糖凝胶电泳图谱显示条带清晰。     

越橘基因组DNA的快速提取及分析

为了从富含多酚、多糖及色素的越橘叶片中提取适用于分子生物学研究的高质量基因组DNA。以越橘幼叶为实验材料,比较了CTAB、SDS、高盐低pH值3种提取方法,获得了一种以CTAB法为基础的分离高质量完整DNA的简便、快速方法。用紫外分光光度计、琼脂糖凝胶电泳、RAPD-PCR、酶切等方法对获得的DNA进行了分析,结果表明,快速CTAB法所提取的DNA产量高、质量好,完全能够满足RAPD、PCR等分子生物学实验的要求。     

改良CTAB法提取番石榴总DNA的初步研究

以番石榴为试材,采用CTAB、SDS和改良的CTAB法分别从新鲜的番石榴叶片中提取DNA,并对其进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测和SCoT-PCR分析.结果表明:3种方法均可以从番石榴的叶片中提取DNA,但改良的CTAB方法通过加入漂洗液2次洗涤,能够较好的去除样品中的多酚、多糖和蛋白质等物质,可以较好的从新鲜的叶片中提取较高质量的DNA,并可以用于SCoT-PCR标记分析.     

不同方法提取青藏高原蕨麻总DNA的比较研究

以改良CTAB法、改良SDS法、试剂盒法提取青藏高原蕨麻总DNA;用紫外分光光度法测定提取的青藏高原蕨麻的总DNA浓度和质量;用琼脂糖凝胶电泳法、分光光度法测定提取的青藏高原蕨麻的总DNA质量,以期筛选出青藏高原蕨麻总DNA提取的最佳方法。结果表明:用改良SDS法提取的蛋白质含量最高,OD260/OD2801.61左右,用改良CTAB法提取的DNA的OD260/OD2801.76左右;用试剂盒法提取的DNA的OD260/OD2801.70左右;用改良CTAB法提取DNA的浓度在100μg/mL。     

青天葵叶片总RNA提取方法的比较研究

采用RNeasy Plant Mini Kit法、RNAiso Plus法、RNAiso for Polysaccharide-rich Plant Tissue法、CTAB法和SDS法,并结合4种抽提试剂组合,分别提取青天葵叶片总RNA.通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳、紫外检测及RT-PCR反应对提取效果进行了比较分析.结果表明:除RNAiso Plus法外,其它方法提取的总RNA均有一定程度的DNA污染.RNAiso Plus法组③(1/5体积KAC+4/5体积PCI)完整性最好,SDS法组④(1/5体积NaCl+ 4/5体积PCI)浓度最高,为372.4 ng/μL.5种方法共20个处理组获得的RNA反转录后均能扩增出18S rRNA基因片段.该研究建立起了适用于青天葵叶片的总RNA提取方法,为青天葵的基因克隆、表达及转录组分析奠定了技术基础.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Effect of puerarin on pulmonary arterioles wall collagen metabolism of chronic hypoxia hypercapnia rats

AIM:To investigate the effect of puerarin on pulmonary vessel collagen metabolism in pulmonary hypertension rats induced by chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia.METHODS:Collagen Ⅰ, Ⅲ and their mRNA were observed in pulmonary arterioles by the technique of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.RESULTS:① Light microscopy showed media thickness of pulmonary arterioles was much higher in HH(hypoxic-hypercapnia) group than that of NC(normal control) group, and, vessel cavity turned more straiter in HH group than that of NC group.However, the damage of pulmonary arterioles in HP(hypoxic-pueratin) group was much slighter than that of HH group. ② The levels of plasma ET-1 and lung homogenates Hyr were much higher in HH group than those of NC group(P＜0.01), and lower in HP group than HH groups(P＜0.01).Plasma NO content in group HH was lower than that of group NC(P＜0.01), it was higher in group HP than that of group HH(P＜0.01).③Expression of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅰ mRNA in pulmonary arterioles were significantly higher in HH groups than those of NC group (P＜0.01), and they were lower in HP group than those of HH group (P＜0.01).Expression of collagen Ⅲ and collagen Ⅲ mRNA showed no difference among three groups(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:Puerarin inhibited the deposition of collagen and improved pulmonary vessel remodeling.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Multi-scale landscape and seascape patterns associated with marbled murrelet nesting areas on the U.S. west coast

Habitat for wide-ranging species should be addressed at multiple scales to fully understand factors that limit populations. The marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus), a threatened seabird, forages on the ocean and nests inland in large trees. We developed statistical relationships between murrelet use (occupancy and abundance) and habitat variables quantified across many spatial scales (statewide to local) and two time periods in California and southern Oregon, USA. We also addressed (1) if old-growth forest fragmentation was negatively associated with murrelet use, and (2) if some nesting areas are more important than others due to their proximity to high quality marine habitat. Most landscapes used for nesting were restricted to low elevation areas with frequent fog. Birds were most abundant in unfragmented old-growth forests located within a matrix of mature second-growth forest. Murrelets were less likely to occupy old-growth habitat if it was isolated (> 5 km) from other nesting murrelets. We found a time lag in response to fragmentation, where at least a few years were required before birds abandoned fragmented forests. Compared to landscapes with little tono murrelet use, landscapes with many murrelets were closer to the ocean's bays, river mouths, sandy shores, submarine canyons, and marine waters with consistently high primary productivity. Within local landscapes (≤ 800ha), inland factors limited bird abundance, but at the broadest landscape scale studied (3200 ha), proximity to marine habitat was most limiting. Management should focus on protecting or creating large, contiguous old-growth forest stands, especially in low-elevation areas near productive marine habitat. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。