不同食品配料对冷冻面团手撕面包品质的影响

采用冷冻面团法制备手撕面包,研究山药粉、薏米粉、荞麦粉、魔芋粉、紫薯粉、谷朊粉等食品配料对面包感官品质、比容和失重率的影响。结果表明,当面粉添加量100%,山药粉添加量4%,薏米粉添加量2%,荞麦粉添加量2%,魔芋粉添加量0.4%,紫薯粉添加量2%,谷朊粉添加量2%时,手撕面包的口感良好,组织细腻均匀,比容较高,失重率较小。在小麦面包中添加具有一定生理功能的食品配料,可以改善面包的感官品质,提高面包比容,降低失重率,并使面包具有一定的保健功效。     

苦荞面包中生物活性物质 体外淀粉消化特性及感官评价

研究添加不同比例(10%,20%和30%)苦荞粉的苦荞面包与普通小麦面包之间抗氧化性、体外消化性、胰蛋白酶抑制活性及感官品质的不同,选择适宜的苦荞添加量。结果表明,苦荞面包中黄酮、多酚、抗性淀粉的含量及胰蛋白酶抑制剂的活性均明显高于普通小麦面包,且随着苦荞添加量的增加,样品的抗氧化性和胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性增强。然而,随着苦荞添加量增加,消费者对产品的接受程度反而降低。综合分析面包的营养价值及感官品质,得出苦荞面包制作过程中苦荞粉的最适添加量为10%。     

添加猴头菇粉对苏打饼干品质的影响

以猴头菇粉和低筋面粉为主要原料制作饼干,探索不同猴头菇粉添加量对苏打饼干品质的影响。利用色差仪分析色度,质构仪测定质构品质,顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联合测定风味物质,结合感官评价筛选最佳猴头粉添加量。结果表明,不同猴头菇粉添加量均可显著提高苏打饼干的脆度,降低色度值L*值,增加a*值、b*值,使饼干颜色偏黄、偏暗,猴头菇粉添加量为7.5%的苏打饼干比普通苏打饼干多了18种不同的风味成分,且感官品质最佳。因此,猴头菇粉的最适添加量为7.5%。     

小米粉面包的生产配方及工艺研究

以面包粉、小米粉为主要原料,采用一次发酵法,研究不同添加量的小米粉、白砂糖、干酵母和面包改良剂对面包感官品质的影响;探讨了发酵温度、发酵时间、烘烤温度和烘烤时间对面包品质的影响。结果表明,小米粉面包的生产配方为:面包粉100%,小米粉的添加量15%,白砂糖添加量11%,干酵母添加量1.5%,改良剂添加量2.0%;最佳生产工艺为:发酵温度35℃,发酵时间80min,烘烤温度200℃,烘烤时间20min。     

马铃薯全粉面包感官品质改良研究

在现有面包配方及制作工艺的基础上,通过添加不同的面包改良剂以提高马铃薯全粉面包的感官品质.通过单因素试验,以感官评分为评价指标,研究马铃薯全粉、谷朊粉、明胶及大豆分离蛋白添加量对马铃薯全粉面包感官品质的影响,并通过响应面分析试验,优化面包改良剂的最佳配方.结果表明,在马铃薯全粉添加量为12％时,马铃薯全粉面包改良剂的最佳配方为:谷朊粉2.67％,大豆分离蛋白0.14％,明胶0.10％.质构仪测定结果显示,改良后马铃薯全粉面包的感官品质得到明显提升.     

新型藜麦杂粮面包工艺研究

为满足多样化、营养型食品需求,拟开发一种新型藜麦杂粮面包。以感官评分、比容、酸度和质构为评价指标,采用单因素试验和正交试验对面包配方进行优化。结果表明,以藜麦粉和面包粉为基重,最佳工艺配方为藜麦粉添加量12%,面包改良剂添加量0.35%,白砂糖添加量8.75%,酵母添加量1%,食盐添加量1%,甜蜜素添加量0.20%,鸡蛋添加量5%,黄油添加量3%,水添加量43%。此时,藜麦杂粮面包感官评分93分,酸度4.20°T,比容3.96 m L/g,硬度13.83 N,弹性17.87 mm,咀嚼性102.47 m J。     

枣粉面包品质及质构特性研究

通过研究不同水量、酵母添加量、枣粉添加量对面包品质及质构特性的影响,得出枣粉面包品质及质构特征。结果表明,将红枣粉碎添加至面包中,最优工艺配方为酵母添加量8%,水添加量15%,枣粉添加量10%,此时产品品质好;各个参数对产品感官影响程度由大到小的依次为水量、枣粉添加量、酵母添加量;硬度与感官评分有相关性,当硬度为800～900 g时,产品感官评价好。     

苹果肉渣膳食纤维蛋糕的研制及其质构分析

苹果肉渣膳食纤维丰富,加入蛋糕中能明显提高其中的膳食纤维含量。将苹果肉渣膳食纤维粉分别以0%,5%,10%,15%的量加入面粉而混合制得苹果肉渣膳食纤维蛋糕,通过测定其比容、保水性、质构等指标,分析影响其品质的主要因素,确定苹果肉渣膳食纤维的最适添加量。结果表明,随着苹果肉渣膳食纤维粉添加量的增加,蛋糕物理性质变化不大,其中当苹果肉渣膳食纤维粉添加量为5%时,蛋糕品质最好。     

葡萄糖氧化酶在改良面包粉中的应用

介绍了葡萄糖氧化酶对面粉增筋的原理,研究了酶的不同添加量对面包粉的理化指标、烘焙特性的影响。结果表明：添加合理比例的葡萄糖氧化酶,能够提高面筋强度,增强弹性;改善面团对机械冲击的承受力;提高面团入炉急涨特性,增大面包体积;降低了加麦使用的比例,获得了较好的经济效益。     

黑木耳面包最佳生产工艺研究

以黑木耳粉、高筋粉、白砂糖、奶粉、酵母为主要原料,通过单因素试验和正交试验,研究黑木耳粉、白砂糖、奶粉和酵母等原料添加量,以及发酵时间、发酵温度对黑木耳面包品质的影响。结果表明,黑木耳面包最佳工艺和配方为发酵温度42℃,发酵时间2.5 h,黑木耳粉粒度100目,黑木耳粉添加量2%,白砂糖添加量6%,奶粉添加量6%,酵母添加量0.5%,黄油添加量10%;在此条件下,可制成质地均匀、表面光滑、无气孔、口感细腻、清爽、酸甜适度,且有浓郁发酵乳香的黑木耳面包。     

Relationship Between High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunit Composition and Gluten Quality in Ethiopian-grown Bread and Durum Wheat Cultivars and Lines

The high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) composition of 42 Ethiopian-grown bread wheat and 31 durum wheat cultivars and lines were examined using SDS-PAGE. Low variability in HMW-GS composition was present in both classes of wheat. A total of 10 variants with 14 different HMW patterns and seven variants with six different patterns were identified in bread and durum wheat, respectively, reflecting the limited ability of HMW-GS for cultivar identification. The most predominant alleles were 2*, 7 + 9 and 5 + 10 in bread wheat and nul and 7 + 8 in durum wheat. The Glu-1 quality scores for bread wheat ranged from 6 to 10, with an average value of 8.7. The variation in HMW-GS significantly correlated with and accounted for 44 % of the total variation in gluten quality, measured by the sodium dodecyl sulphate sedimentation test. In durum wheat, HMW-GS variation at Glu-B1 explained about 25 % of the variation in gluten quality. The high frequency of the 7 + 8 alleles among the landraces and the significant contribution of Glu-B1 alleles to the total variation in gluten quality indicate the potential benefit of Ethiopian tetraploid landraces in the development of lines suitable for both bread and pasta production.     

全麦面包的储存稳定性研究

以加麦为材料,采用麸皮回添的方法制备3种不同麸皮比例(10%,20%,30%)的全麦粉,测定3种全麦粉及加麦面粉的基本理化指标和流变学指标。在相同条件下,储存3种全麦粉及加麦面粉制成的面包成品,测定不同时间段面包的品质指标,为全麦面包的长期储存提供数据支持,并找到适合做面包的最佳麸皮回添比例。结果表明,回添10%麸皮的全麦粉的各项性质指标较好,做出的面包质量最好;在面包储存过程中,麸皮回添量越大,面包体积、色泽及质构等指标越差,面包越易变质。室温下,全麦面包可储存6 d;冷冻条件下,全麦面包可储存14 d。     

小麦品质性状及产量性状对馒头面条评分的影响

本研究旨在为小麦品质育种提供依据。以在黄骅种植的10个小麦品种为试材,通过田间记载、室内考种及品质分析研究小麦主要品质性状及产量性状对馒头面条评分的影响。面条和馒头受小麦面粉的粉质特性和面团特性的影响并呈现不同的相关性,面条评分与延伸性呈显著性相关(r=0.63^*),与最大延伸阻力、拉伸面积呈正相关关系相关性未达到显著水平(r=0.46,r=0.54),与稳定时间和形成时间呈正相关关系。回归分析变异系数表明形成时间在馒头和面条评分的评分中均起到重要作用。偏相关和通径分析表明产量对面条和馒头的评分影响最大。可见在馒头和面条评分的影响性状中形成时间在两种面食的评分中均起到重要作用,通过研究表明馒头与面条品质对小麦籽粒和面粉特性的要求是重叠的,因此选育馒头与面条兼优型的小麦品种是可行的。     

Pan bread and dry white Chinese noodle quality in Chinese winter wheats

Improvements in pan bread quality and Chinese dry white noodle (DWCN) quality are the major breeding objectives in the north China winter wheat region. Eighty-one wheat cultivars and advanced lines were sown in two locations in the 2000–2001 season to evaluate the quality of winter wheat germplasm and investigate the association between pan bread quality and DWCN quality. Significant variability was observed for grain, pan bread, and DWCN quality attributes. Six cultivars and lines showed very good pan bread quality, 23 showed excellent DWCN quality in both locations, and the cultivars Yumai 34 and Sunstate showed superior quality for both food products. Protein content and grain hardness were significantly associated with pan bread quality, while the gluten quality-related parameters SDS-sedimentation value, Farinograph stability, and Extensograph maximum resistance, were significantly associated with pan bread quality score, and accounted for 59.3–72.3% of its variation. Yellow colour (b, CIE Lab) showed a strong negative association with pan bread and DWCN quality largely due to the strong and negative association between yellow colour and gluten strength parameters in this germplasm pool. Flour ash content and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) had a negative moderate effect on noodle colour, while protein content and grain hardness were negatively associated with noodle colour, appearance, and smoothness. The association between SDS-sedimentation volume, Farinograph stability, and Extensograph maximum resistance and DWCN score fitted a quadratic regression model, accounting for 31.0%, 39.0%, and 47.0% of the DWCN score, respectively. The starch pasting parameters, peak viscosity and paste breakdown, contributed positively to DWCN quality, with r = 0.57 and 0.55, respectively. Quality requirements for pan bread and DWCN differ in colour, gluten strength, and pasting viscosity. It is suggested that PPO, yellow pigment, SDS sedimentation volume, and peak viscosity are parameters that could be used to screen for DWCN quality in the early generations of a wheat-breeding program.     

小麦品质性状与面包和面条品质关系分析

改良面包和面条品质是北方冬麦区的主要育种目标,了解二者的品质异同有助于提高育种效率。本研究以81份冬小麦品种品系为材料,比较了小麦品质性状与面包和面条品质表现的关系。结果表明,籽粒硬度、蛋白质含量、SDS沉降值、形成时间、稳定时间、拉伸面积和抗延阻力是影响面包和面条品质的共同性状,但它们对面包、面条品质     

北方冬麦区新育成优质品种的面包和馒头品质性状

本研究旨在了解近年北方冬麦区育成优质小麦品种的品质状况, 为优质小麦新品种选育和推广提供重要信息。2013—2014和2014—2015年度将52份国内及6份国外代表性优质品种种植于河北高邑和山东济宁, 测定粉质仪和拉伸仪参数及面包和馒头品质性状, 并分析蛋白质组分含量对面团流变学特性及面包和馒头成品品质的影响。结果表明, 大部分参试品种的粉质仪稳定时间在7 min以上, 品种间面筋强度、面包和馒头成品品质均存在显著差异。CA0493、师栾02-1、12品404、新麦26和Karl 5个品种面包品质好, 其中师栾02-1和Karl的馒头品质也较好, 可以作为兼用型品种在品质育种中应用。拉伸仪品质特性是反映强筋品种面包品质的重要指标, 建议在进行面包品质改良时, 重视拉伸特性。不溶性谷蛋白聚合体含量与面筋强度和面包品质呈显著正相关, 可作为品质育种的选种指标。     

四川小麦主栽品种的品质性状表现及其稳定性

2006—2008连续3年,在5个生态点考察了7个四川省代表性小麦品种在两种氮水平下的品质状况及其稳定性,以期为四川小麦品质定位、品质改良和生产指导提供依据。结果表明,3年均值,籽粒容重777 g L^-1,籽粒蛋白质含量12.3%,湿面筋含量25.1%,Zeleny沉降值32.9 mL,降落值326 s,面粉吸水率56.5%,面团形成时间3.0 min、稳定时间4.5 min,面条评分78.5分、面包评分62.2分。几乎所有品质性状均存在显著的基因型、环境及其互作效应。籽粒容重、沉降值、降落值、面粉吸水率和面条评分的年份效应大于地点效应,而籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、面团形成时间、稳定时间和面包评分则地点效应大于年份效应。增施氮肥对籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值、面团形成时间、稳定时间和面包评分都有显著的增效作用,但对降落值、面粉吸水率和面条评分无明显影响。品种品质的稳定性因品质性状不同而异,川麦39面包评分高而稳定,川麦37面条总评分高而稳定,二者可被用于四川小麦品质改良。     

河南省小麦馒头品种适宜品质指标的探讨

采用河南省麦区44个主推品种,对河南麦区适宜制作馒头小麦品种的主要品质指标进行了分析。结果表明:河南冬麦区适宜优质馒头的小麦主要品质指标是:面粉蛋白含量11%~12%,湿面筋30%~35.9%,沉淀值23.3~40.3 m L,峰值黏度2200~3700 cp,低谷粘度1400~2400 cp,吸水率57.2%~60.8%,稳定时间2~9.5 min,硬度、直链淀粉和膨胀势中等偏低,面筋指数中等偏高,面粉白度、亮度越高,灰分和PPO活性越低越好。     

Identification of low-molecular weight glutenin subunits of wheat associated with bread-making quality

Although it is known that the compositions of low‐molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW‐GSs) are important factors for bread‐making quality of wheat, it is still not clear which LMW‐GSs confer improved bread‐making quality and how those LMW‐GSs interact with high‐molecular weight (HMW) GSs. Using a hard red winter wheat line with good bread‐making quality and a Japanese wheat cultivar with poor quality as well as their progeny we identified LMW‐GSs associated with the bread‐making quality. One such LMW‐GS, KS2, which had a molecular weight of 42 kDa and was allelic to HS1, was associated with bread‐making quality. Furthermore, by using four recombinant inbred lines with different HMW‐GS and LMW‐GS combinations, KS2 and HMW‐GS 5+10 showed interaction effects on the bread‐making quality. Two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Page) analysis showed that KS2 consists of two protein components and that HS1 is composed of three components. The N‐terminal amino acid sequences of the five components were identical to the most frequently analysed sequence of LMW glutenin components.     

脱脂和重组对面粉理化特性和烘焙品质的影响

选用3个筋力不同的小麦品种（系）,通过比较其采用脱脂面粉、重组面粉和原面粉,研究了小麦脂类对面团揉混特性和面包加工品质的影响。结果表明,（1）3个品种（系）面粉脱脂前后蛋白质含量、沉淀值和灰分含量无显著性差异,但脱脂后面粉白度显著提高。（2）脱脂后3个品种（系）揉混仪峰高和峰宽增大,衰落角变小。（3）面粉脱脂后面包加工品质有所改善,其作用大小与蛋白质的质量和蛋白质间的互作有关。脱脂面粉加入起酥油对面包品质无明显改善作用,起酥油是通过面粉脂类对面包品质产生作用的。