新疆加工型辣椒花药培养技术研究

以6个新疆加工型辣椒品种207、208、64、66、67、HT113为试材,以MSB培养基为基本培养基,附加不同植物激素浓度的NAA、2,4-D、TDZ、KT进行花药培养,研究不同植物激素处理对加工型辣椒花药愈伤组织和胚状体诱导的影响,以建立适应于新疆加工型辣椒的花药培养技术。结果表明:不同基因型辣椒的愈伤组织诱导率和出胚率均不同,愈伤组织诱导率为4.98%~29.65%,胚状体诱导率为0~6.88%。0.5 mg·L~(-1) 2,4-D+0.1mg·L~(-1) TDZ和0.5mg·L~(-1) NAA+0.1mg·L~(-1) KT分别是愈伤组织诱导和胚状体诱导最适宜的激素组合;在新疆特有的气候条件和种植模式下,7月中旬前的花药接种培养最为适宜;胚状体继续发育成熟后,通过练苗移栽获得了56株单倍体植株。     

甜瓜花药愈伤组织分化与激素处理间的关系

将甜瓜花药接种在MS+NAA0.5mg/L+6-BA0.5mg/L+KT1.5mg/L的脱分化培养基上,15d左右生成结构紧凑的淡绿色愈伤组织,然后再分别转接在不同激素组合的分化培养基上。结果表明,接种在2,4-D0.4mg/L+KT1.0mg/L培养基上的愈伤组织可以诱导出胚性细胞团;若将这种愈伤组织及时转到无激素培养基上则可使细胞团继续分化直至形成心形胚和子叶形胚;另外,接种在NAA0.5mg/L+IAA0.1mg/L+6-BA0.5mg/L+KT1.0mg/L培养基上的愈伤组织可以诱导出完整植株。     

正交实验法优选橡胶树花药愈伤组织诱导的研究

以橡胶树品种RRII105花药为外植体,研究了不同浓度2,4-D、KT、NAA及TDZ组合对橡胶树花药愈伤组织诱导的影响。结果表明:最适合诱导橡胶树花药愈伤组织的培养基配方为MS+0.8mg/L 2,4-D+0.8mg/L KT+1.2mg/L NAA+0.0mg/L TDZ+60g/L蔗糖+5g/L琼脂,诱导率达94.00%,出胚率为14.25%。     

芦笋组培快繁体系的建立

以芦笋高产品种"井岗701"的无菌茎尖为试材,采用正交实验设计方法,研究嘧啶醇、KT、2,4-D、脱落酸、6-BA和NAA等不同植物激素浓度组合对愈伤组织、胚状体以及幼苗诱导的影响。结果表明:MS+2,4-D 2.0mg/L+KT 1.0mg/L诱导愈伤组织效果最好,出愈率达到80%左右。MS+0.70mg/L嘧啶醇+0.10mg/L NAA+0.50mg/L KT诱导胚状体效果最好,诱导率高达95%。MS+NAA 0.5mg/L+6-BA 1.0mg/L诱导胚状体成苗率达到60%左右。室外移栽成活率高达90%,初步建立了芦笋由胚状体到幼苗的一步成苗体系。     

墨兰组织培养根状茎分化技术研究

将诱导出的墨兰根状茎接种到不同培养基中,探讨了不同基本培养基添加椰汁、活性炭、暗培养对墨兰根状茎分化的影响.根据墨兰根状茎分化率和生长势两项指标的观察,找到墨兰根状茎分化最适培养基为MS+ KT 0.1 mg/L+ NAA 1.0 mg/L+ CM 100 ml/L+活性炭0.3 g/L,最适暗培养天数为5d.     

皇帝蕉薄片外植体愈伤组织的诱导及植株再生

将皇帝蕉试管苗茎段徒手切成厚约1mm的薄片,经无菌的0.5%柠檬酸溶液处理片刻后,接入各种培养基中。结果表明:(1)适度的暗培养预处理有利于愈伤组织诱导,合适暗培养天数为4d;(2)诱导愈伤组织最佳培养基为:B5+2,4-D13.572μmol/L+IBA4.921μmol/L+NAA5.371μmol/L+KT13.94μmol/L+椰乳5%+PP3330.0001mg/L,愈伤组织诱导率为86.0%;(3)最佳愈伤组织分化芽培养基为:改良MS培养基+BA13.6831μmol/L+NAA0.537μmol/L,芽分化率达到87.0%;(4)诱导芽生根的最佳培养基是:1/2MS+IBA0.492μmol/L(或+NAA0.537μmol/L),生根率达到100%。     

大白菜黄心品种花药培养影响因素的研究

以7个大白菜杂交种为试材进行花药培养,分析了培养基pH、激素和氨基酸浓度对胚状体发生的影响,以及活性炭对胚状体成苗的促进作用.结果表明:以MS为基本培养基,其适宜的pH为5.6～6.1,激素浓度为NAA 2 mg/L+6-BA 4 mg/L,脯氨酸浓度为4 mg/L;添加0.8% 的活性炭有利于胚状体继代培养和成苗.     

西瓜花药培养技术研究

以7种不同基因型西瓜为试材进行离体花药培养,对诱导愈伤组织的条件进行了研究。结果表明,西瓜离体花药在MS+KT1.5mg/L+6-BA2.0mg/L+NAA1.0mg/L,MS+KT1.5mg/L+6-BA2.0mg/L+NAA1.5mg/L,MS+KT0.5mg/L+6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA2.0mg/L等3种培养基上愈伤组织诱导率最高,其中野生种331号在MS+KT0.5mg/L+6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA2.0mg/L培养基上诱导率达到了68.42%。将长势较好的愈伤组织转到MS+三十烷醇2.0mg/L+6-BA0.5mg/L培养基上,76%的愈伤组织再生出丛生芽。丛生芽在MS+IBA0.5mg/L的培养基上长出了根,再将其转入1/2MS+IBA0.2mg/L+IAA1.0mg/L培养基上,获得了小植株。     

多倍体大蒜胚状体诱导条件研究初报

以大蒜根尖为试材,采用0.05％秋水仙素溶液诱导多倍体,研究了愈伤组织的诱导和培养方法,以及胚状体的诱导方法,以期为大蒜胚状体诱导提供依据.结果表明:在MS+2,4-D 2.0 mg/L+KT 0.5 mg/L培养基上,大蒜根尖可形成疏松型和致密型2种愈伤组织结构;将致密型愈伤组织培养在MS+KT 3.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L培养基上,将形成胚状体.     

白花丹参组织培养技术的研究

以白花丹参叶为外植体,研究了外植体种类、激素比例、琼脂浓度、活性炭等培养条件对组培快繁的影响。结果表明:培养基MS+6-BA 2.0mg/L+NAA 1.0mg/L+琼脂7%适宜2种愈伤组织诱导;培养基MS+KT 1.5mg/L+NAA 0.5mg/L+琼脂8%+活性炭0.3%能有效预防玻璃化苗,适宜健壮芽苗增殖;培养基1/2MS+IBA 0.2mg/L+琼脂8%(或同时添加0.3%活性炭)有利于试管苗根系的生长,生根率达到100%。试管苗移栽成活率达到95%。     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Effect of puerarin on pulmonary arterioles wall collagen metabolism of chronic hypoxia hypercapnia rats

AIM:To investigate the effect of puerarin on pulmonary vessel collagen metabolism in pulmonary hypertension rats induced by chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia.METHODS:Collagen Ⅰ, Ⅲ and their mRNA were observed in pulmonary arterioles by the technique of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.RESULTS:① Light microscopy showed media thickness of pulmonary arterioles was much higher in HH(hypoxic-hypercapnia) group than that of NC(normal control) group, and, vessel cavity turned more straiter in HH group than that of NC group.However, the damage of pulmonary arterioles in HP(hypoxic-pueratin) group was much slighter than that of HH group. ② The levels of plasma ET-1 and lung homogenates Hyr were much higher in HH group than those of NC group(P＜0.01), and lower in HP group than HH groups(P＜0.01).Plasma NO content in group HH was lower than that of group NC(P＜0.01), it was higher in group HP than that of group HH(P＜0.01).③Expression of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅰ mRNA in pulmonary arterioles were significantly higher in HH groups than those of NC group (P＜0.01), and they were lower in HP group than those of HH group (P＜0.01).Expression of collagen Ⅲ and collagen Ⅲ mRNA showed no difference among three groups(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:Puerarin inhibited the deposition of collagen and improved pulmonary vessel remodeling.     

Mixed-severity fire regime in a high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon,Arizona, USA

Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

瓜叶绿素降解关键酶基因PPH和PAO cDNA片段的克隆与表达初步分析

 以西双版纳黄瓜和‘华黄5号’黄瓜叶片为试验材料,研究了衰老过程中两种黄瓜叶片叶绿素含量变化及脱镁叶绿素脱镁叶绿酸水解酶基因PPH和脱镁叶绿酸a加氧酶基因PAO的表达。结果表明：随着叶片衰老,叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著降低,叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值在0.5左右,推测叶绿素b的含量可能对黄瓜叶片保绿起到重要作用。荧光定量RT-PCR分析结果显示：PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片生长35 d时表达量最高,分别为5.50和1.86;PPH在‘华黄5号’叶片35 d时表达量最高,为7.14,而PAO在35和45 d表达量都很高,分别为3.90和3.91;PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片中的表达量低于在‘华黄5号’中。     

Effects of simvastatin on PDGF-BB and serum-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and on the expression of tumor suppressor gene PTEN

AIM:To observe the effect of simvastatin on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) induced by serum and growth factor PDGF-BB and the effect of simvastatin on the expression of PTEN,a important regulator of G₁/S cell cycle transition. METHODS:The DNA synthesis was determined by [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle was examined with flow cytometry, the protein level of PTEN was measured by Western blot method. RESULTS: (1)Simvastatin inhibited [³H]-TdR incorporation in a dose dependent manner. (2) Flow cytometric DNA analysis revealed that simvastatin induced significantly enhancement of G₀/G₁ phase and decrease in S phase VSMCs.(3)Simvastatin increased protein level of PTEN and mevalonate, a metabolite of HMG-COA, reversed the effect of simvastatin on PTEN protein expression. CONCLUSION:Simvastatin may inhibit proliferation of VSMCs and retarded cell cycle in G₀/G₁ phase by increasing PTEN expression through inhibiting synthesis of mevalonate.