我国北方滨海盐土造林绿化综述

就我国北方滨海盐土土壤造林绿化的重要意义和过去所采取的主要水利工程措施进行了简单地阐述和回顾,进一步分析了目前在这一类型区造林绿化的主要限制因素及解决途径;在以上基础上提出了在滨海盐渍土壤上实施微型绿化工程的思路,具体介绍了在滨海盐土土壤上实施微型绿化所采取的简易工程和适宜的植物种类。     

辽宁省年度造林任务完成过半

据对辽宁省14个市统计，目前已完成造林作业面积165．9万亩，占全年计划的54．4％。辽西北边界防护林体系建设工程推进120多公里，“五点一线”滨海大道绿化工程新增绿化里程69．2公里，辽西北荒山绿化工程已完成建设任务94．5万亩，占年度计划的47．3％。     

涞水县再披新绿

今年以来,涞水县认真贯彻落实河北省“绿色河北攻坚工程”暨春季造林绿化工作动员会精神,持续推进造林绿化进程、稳步实现林果脱贫致富,实现生态林业和民生林业协同发展,全力推进廊道绿化、核桃基地建设、景区绿化、荒山绿化等各项造林绿化工作,全县森林总量持续增长,森林质量不断提高。强化组织领导,坚持领导高位推动造林绿化涞水县委、县政府成立由县委书记任政委,政府县长任总指挥的造林绿化工程指挥部,     

山阳县春季造林绿化扎实推进

入春以来,山阳县突出七个重点,推进造林绿化工作有序开展。 一是以漫川、法官两乡镇为主,以商漫高速公路沿线直观坡面为重点,以荒山造林和产业建园为主,完成绿化3200亩;二是以陕西天竺山国家森林公园景区为重点,完成绿化2000亩：三是以城区城周为重点,以城区、集镇、村庄、公路、河堤为重点,完成绿化1000亩：四是以县城和村镇周围为重点,     

绿色情缘——记河南省淅川县林业局局长李三成

如今，走进南水北调中线工程渠首——河南省淅川县，你会发现，到处是一派绿的生机：花椒、板栗、核桃等经济林遍布山野，杨树、侧柏、马尾松等生态林郁郁葱葱，景区景点含笑、广玉兰、桂花等争相斗妍……2008年以来，该县先后被评为河南省造林绿化先进县、省绿化模范县、     

柽柳属树种耐盐试验研究

黄河三角洲地区水资源短缺,土壤含盐量高,地下水矿化度大,土壤次生盐渍化严重,造林绿化难度大。柽柳属树种的适应性强,耐瘠薄、耐盐碱、抗风蚀和风沙,是黄河三角洲滨海盐碱地区分布广泛的一个树种,从适地适树原则出发,柽柳属树种是滨海盐碱地植被建设和造林绿化的首选树种。为此,对栽培性状表现良好的五个品种,分别采用水培和盆栽两种方法进行耐盐试验研究,为盐碱地区大面积造林绿化提供依据。     

确保造林绿化质量 责任重于泰山

雨季临近，我省将拉开今年造林绿化的大幕。面对造林绿化的新形势、新任务，全省上下要下大力气，切实抓好造林绿化的质量工作，力争使我省的造林绿化质量上新台阶。提高造林绿化的质量，有极为重要的现实意义和历史意义。造林质量是造林绿化成效的根本保障，是造林绿化工程的生命线。林业是一项投资大、见效慢、周期长的系统工程，而森林资源的培育是这一系统工程的基础工作。基础不牢，效益难保。森林资源的培育有其特殊性，从造林到林木成材需要几年，十几年，甚至几十年的时间。如果在造林绿化时，只讲数量不讲质量，其结果必然事倍功半…     

植树造林与观光旅游相结合——古北口彩叶林工程建设及效益分析

彩叶工程即以彩叶树种为主的绿化造林工程。彩叶工程建设主要设计在市县主要公路及重点旅游景区周围，它坚持生态效益与经济效益相结合，植树造林与旅游观光相结合的原则，是科学发展观的实质体现。近年来，北京密云古北口镇在司马台景区及其周边道路和101国道周围山场实施彩叶工程，基本达到了景区及其周边地区四季常绿，春季赏花、秋季看景四季各色的自然景观效果，同时也为本地区旅游经济发展起到了一定的推动作用。     

实行立体绿化 创建特色景观 资溪生态旅游大景区移步换景

<正>江西省资溪县利用造林绿化"一大四小"工程项目的实施,采取"全县景区化、配置立体化、树种高档化、色彩多样化、苗木大龄化、栽植标准化"的运作模式,高起点、高标准、高质量推进"高田——法水温泉——泰伯森林公园——大觉山"生态旅游线路和景区绿化工作。目前,全县山上造林2.06万亩,山下绿化0.38万亩,共栽植各类珍贵树种447.55万株。     

滨海平原绿化建设思考

针对滨海平原绿化特点，存在问题，提出平原绿化建设意见。     

Armillaria ostoyae in managed coniferous forests in Kastamonu in Turkey

Although several Armillaria species have been reported in Turkey, there is little information about their ecology in Turkish forests. In this study, we investigated five forest stands, approximately 5–74 ha in size, in Kastamonu province in the Black Sea Region of Turkey for the presence of Armillaria species in stumps and logs. The stands were mixed Abies nordmanniana ssp. bornmülleriana and Pinus sylvestris forests managed using a selective cuttings system; the proportion of fir in the total number of stems and stumps ranged from 36 to 98%. Based on sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer and intergenic spacer regions of the rDNA, all rhizomorphs sampled from the stumps and logs were of Armillaria ostoyae. The size of the genets was estimated with random amplified microsatellites analysis of the isolates and ranged from single stumps to approximately 450 m². One to seven genets were found in each stand. These results indicate that the genets had arisen from spores and vegetative spread was limited on most sites.     

木材碳封存研究进展

碳封存可以分工业封存和生物封存, 工业封存包括地质封存、海洋封存、矿石碳化以及工业循环利用, 这些方法能快速回收CO₂, 但工艺流程技术复杂, 成本较高。木材碳封存是生物碳封存的一种类型, 树木光合作用吸收的碳主要存贮在木材中。运用木材密度、微密度等检测仪器, 通过确定木材密度变化, 结合其含碳率来计量木材的碳封存过程以及封存过程中碳的分配格局, 同时研究其与环境因子的相关性, 可以为研究森林的碳吸收动态提供便捷的方法和科学的依据。     

植物DNA甲基化研究进展

植物经常暴露在各种生物和非生物的胁迫之下,这些胁迫会影响植物的生长发育和繁殖并最终导致植物死亡。为了抵御不利的环境条件,植物已经进化出复杂而精细的网络来感知胁迫并激活防御系统。为此,植物激活许多信号转导通路,这些信号转导通路可以改变一些胁迫响应基因的表达,从而引起植物形态、生理和生化的改变以适应逆境。DNA胞嘧啶甲基化是高等真核生物的主要表观遗传机制之一,在维持基因组稳定性和调节基因表达方面起着关键作用。表观遗传变异比遗传变异更为灵活。一旦环境条件发生变化,为了适应新的环境植物都会发生表观遗传的改变。许多研究表明DNA甲基化参与植物的发育和应激反应。基于相关研究对DNA甲基化进行了综述,对植物逆境胁迫有重要意义。     

上海中央公园特大银杏树白蚁防治探讨

通过对上海松江中央公园内65株特大银杏树白蚁为害情况的调查,发现该公园银杏受害率为100%,其中存在活白蚁的银杏占总量的56.9%,采用毒土处理、粉剂疗法、建立白蚁监测点等措施,经过两次灭杀,活白蚁的灭杀率达到92.3%和93.3%,从而使存在活白蚁银杏树的比例从56.9%下降到2.7%,白蚁发生情况明显降低。       

Natural regeneration in patch clear-cutting in Picea abies stands in Southern Finland

Abstract

The success of natural regeneration on patch clear-cuts in Norway spruce stands in Southern Finland was examined in terms of stocking and tree height. The experiment was established in mature spruce stands in the submesic Myrtillus (MT) site type. In each of the eight study sites, three plots were treated with clear-cutting and planting, clear-cutting with partial tree retention and planting, and patch clear-cutting without site preparation, respectively. In three of the study sites, one plot with patch clear-cutting and site preparation was established. Each plot was 1 ha, out of which three patches of 40×40 m were clear-cut in the patch treatments. 10–11 years after cutting, the patches had on average 1316 crop trees ha^–1, of which 91% were spruces. Some 27% of the stands were up to the target stocking level (≥1600 ha^?1), and 36% were at least satisfactory (≥1300 ha^?1). Site preparation did not yield greater stocking levels on patches, but that result is ambiguous due to a difference in initial stocking. The average spruce tree height in the patches (0.76 m) was much smaller than in the case of clear-cutting and planting (2.42 m). In conclusion, the patches had been restocked tolerably well with spruce and birch for practical purposes during the 10- to 11-year period, but the regeneration process had been very slow compared to clear-cutting and planting.     

Tree regeneration in patch cutting in Norway spruce stands in northern Finland

The study focused on the success of regeneration on patch cuts in spruce-dominated stands in terms of stocking and tree height. It was based on an experiment in the Kainuu region in northern Finland. The experimental design included 8 stands with 58 clearcut patches of variable size (0.09–0.37?ha), on which either natural regeneration without site preparation or site preparation and planting of Scots pine was applied. A regeneration survey was conducted 13–15 growing seasons after treatments. Patches without site preparation had been restocked quite well from natural seed sources. The average number of trees was about 11,000?ha^?1, of which 1700?ha^?1 crop trees. With site preparation and planting, the stocking levels were also very high, 25,000 and 2100?ha^?1, respectively. One hundred percent of the planted patches and 75% of the naturally regenerated patches had an acceptable density. Restocking was equally good across the range of patch sizes. Tree growth had been somewhat slower in the smallest patches than in the largest ones in the range. Natural regeneration was capable of yielding good regeneration results in most patches, especially when site preparation was applied. Stocking levels and height development were higher yet in the planted patches.     

植物中miRNA的研究进展

miRNA是长度约19~25个核苷酸的内源性具有调控功能的非编码单链小RNA分子,可通过识别靶基因的裂解位点,并在转录后水平对靶基因进行裂解,从而对靶基因起负调控,以控制蛋白编码基因的表达,研究表明miRNA在植物的多个生物学过程中发挥重要作用。该研究就miRNA及其靶基因的获得和验证以及在植物中的生物学功能进行总结。     

被子植物性别分化的研究进展（英文）

被子植物的性别分化对遗传多样性、子代和环境适应有着巨大的贡献。在自然界中广泛存在单性花物种,单性花形成是避免自交、促进异交、保持遗传多样性和避免雌雄功能干扰的重要途径。单性花物种分布于不同的进化分支上表明被子植物性别分化可能存在性别多样性的进化途径和复杂的调控网络机制。因此,性别分化机制研究具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。性别分化和表达研究涉及形态学、生物化学、细胞学和分子遗传学等研究领域,在查阅近年来国内外文献的基础上,本文主要从4个方面对性别分化相关研究进行系统总结:1)单性花形成源于两性花祖先,主要是通过两性花中性器官缺失或者退化2条系统进化途径形成。从花着生部位和结构来看,单性花分为雌雄异花同株和雌雄异花异株,而且单性花的外部形态结构具有多样性;以花发育过程中划分的发育阶段来看,单性花的表型特征形成于4个发育阶段,即阶段0(性器官原基出现之前)、阶段1(性器官原基发育早期)、阶段2(减数分裂之前)和阶段3(减数分裂之后),而且已有处于发育阶段0、1和3物种的性别调控机制被发现和证实。2)赤霉素、生长素和乙烯等六大类植物激素在性别分化调控过程扮演着重要的角色,赤霉素主要具有促进雄蕊发育,而生长素、细胞分裂素和乙烯主要是促进心皮的生长,同时,已有相关激素的调控机制被阐明,如乙烯合成途径调控性别分化。3)了解不同类型单性花性器官缺失或者败育的遗传分子基础,整合已经鉴定的各物种中与性别相关或者性别决定基因,阐述DNA甲基化和小分子RNA等表观遗传调控性别形成的机制以及XY系统、X[DK]∶A系统和ZW染色体系统调控性别分化的模式。4)环境因素如温度、光照以及矿质营养等对植物性别分化的影响。本文旨在对于现有基于性别分化的相关研究进行总结,对单性花发育的不同调控机制进行回顾和梳理,了解性别分化的最新研究现状和成果,促进对性别表达途径及其系统发育进化的理解,为性别分化的调控机制提供理论基础和依据,也为进一步探索植物性别分化新思路提供参考。     

Changes in micropores in dry wood with elapsed time in the environment

To investigate the changes in microstructures of wood with elapsed time in the environment, CO₂ adsorption onto dry wood was measured at ice-water temperature (273 K) for samples aged from 0.1 years to over 1000 years. The micropore size distribution was obtained using the Horvath-Kawazoe method. Micropores smaller than 0.6 nm in wood decreased in number with elapsed time in the environment, and a negative correlation was found between cumulative pore volume for pores smaller than 0.6 nm and elapsed time in the environment. Cumulative pore volume in the 1000-year sample was almost half of that in the 0.1- year sample. Micropores smaller than 0.6 nm in wood with a few decades or more of elapsed time increased in number after rewetting and drying. Consequently, microstructures of wood with longer time elapsed in the environment were considered to be more stable, because of longer-term thermal motion and possibly more repeated moisture adsorption and desorption and/or temperature variation in the environment.     

Deposits in heartshakes in wood

Summary  The heartshakes of some species can contain deposits of inorganic, metal organic, resinous or organic compounds in a pure or concentrated condition. The type of deposit in different genera is discussed. Morphological and chemical examinations have been made of the deposits in the heartshakes ofIntsia bijuga, Dacrydium spp.,Anisoptera curtisii, Pinus elliotii andOrites excelsa. The deposits were of a benzenoid or terpenoid nature or aluminium succinate.I thank Mr. R. Wearne for organic analyses