Very-long-period seismic signals and caldera formation at Miyake Island, Japan

Over a period of roughly 40 days, starting on 8 July 2000, a caldera structure 1.7 kilometers in diameter developed by means of gradual depression and expansion of the summit crater at Miyake Island, Japan. At the same time, very-long-period (VLP) seismic signals were observed once or twice a day. Source mechanism analyses of the VLP signals show that the moment tensor solutions are smooth step functions over a time scale of 50 seconds, with dominant volumetric change components. We developed a model to explain the caldera and the VLP signals, in which a vertical piston of solid materials in the conduit is intermittently sucked into the magma chamber by lateral magma outflow. This model offers potential for making quantitative estimations of the characteristic physical properties of magma systems.     

利用E.coli表达猪圆环病毒2型Cap蛋白生产病毒样颗粒疫苗

【目的】研究利用大肠杆菌可溶性表达PCV2b亚型ORF2基因,利用重组Cap蛋白制备PCV2 VLP疫苗的可行性。【方法】 根据大肠杆菌密码子使用频率表优化合成PCV2 NJ株ORF2基因,将其插入原核表达载体pQZ1,鉴定阳性后转入表达宿主菌BL21,利用原核表达平台CVC1102对重组菌进行诱导表达。利用SDS-PAGE与Western blotting对目的基因的表达及产物的可溶性进行分析;利用电镜分析技术鉴定重组Cap蛋白VLP组装;利用BCA试剂盒测定重组大肠杆菌破碎后上清中总蛋白量,利用薄层扫描分析确定目的蛋白百分比,得出目的蛋白量,将重组Cap蛋白的浓度调整为1 mg·mL^-1。使用不同剂量的重组蛋白与206佐剂乳化,免疫2-3周龄抗原抗体双阴性的仔猪,同时设含免疫增强剂CVC1301、CVC1302的试验组、同类制品免疫对照组与空白对照组,免疫后14 d与21 d所有试验猪采血,分离血清,利用武汉科前生物科技有限公司的猪圆环病毒2型抗体ELISA检测试剂盒检测试验猪血清中PCV2抗体水平;免疫后28 d试验猪按照兽用生物制品质量标准汇编中公布的PCV2攻毒程序,利用PCV2 NJ株F₆代进行强毒攻击试验,肌肉注射与口服PCV2 NJ株各10^5.0TCID₅₀,同时利用乳化的钥匙孔血蓝蛋白及硫酸巯基乙醇培养基进行免疫刺激,攻毒后25 d,对所有试验猪进行解剖检测,通过攻毒过程中试验猪体温变化、试验猪平均相对日增重、解剖时试验猪肺部与相关淋巴结的大体变化及攻毒后PCV2核酸检测等4个方面评价大肠杆菌表达制备的PCV2 VLP的免疫效力。【结果】SDS-PAGE结果表明PCV2 NJ株优化的ORF2基因在大肠杆菌中得到了高效表达,表达产物以完全可溶性形式存在于菌体超声波破碎后的上清中;Western blotting分析结果显示表达的重组Cap蛋白能够与PCV2阳性血清发生反应;电镜下观察可见大量直径在17 nm左右的PCV2病毒样颗粒存在于超声破碎后的上清中;500 μg/头重组VLP疫苗免疫猪产生较高的抗体水平,单次免疫后21 d抗体100%达到合格,对PCV2强毒的攻击提供完全保护。【结论】实现了PCV2 Cap蛋白在大肠杆菌中高效可溶性表达,重组Cap蛋白体外自我组装成病毒样颗粒,且具有良好的免疫原性,可用于制备PCV2亚单位疫苗。     

葡萄多糖的提取及含量测定

为研究葡萄多糖的生物活性，对葡萄多糖进行了提取和含量分析测定，用硫酸苯酚法测定含量，表明采用比色法是简便可靠的。     

Observations of nuclear reactors on satellites with a balloon-borne gamma-ray telescope

Gamma rays at energies of 0.3 to 8 megaelectron volts (MeV) were detected on 15 April 1988 from four nuclear-powered satellites including Cosmos 1900 and Cosmos 1932 as they flew over a double Compton gamma-ray telescope. The observations occurred as the telescope, flown from a balloon at an altitude of 35 kilometers from Alice Springs, Australia, searched for celestial gamma-ray sources. The four transient signals were detected in 30 hours of data. Their time profiles show maxima with durations of (21 +/- 1) and (27 +/- 1) seconds (half-width at half maximum) for the lower two satellites and (85 +/- 5) and (113 +/- 7) seconds for the remaining two. Their durations place the origin of the two shorter signals at orbital radii of 260(+40)(-60) and 260 +/- 60 km above the earth and the two longer at 800(+100)(-300) and 800(+250)(-300) kilometers. Their luminosities for energies >0.3 MeV are then (6.1 +/- 1.5) x 10(15), (3.9 +/- 1.0) x 10(15), (1.10 +/- 0.28) x 10(16), and (1.30 +/- 0.32) x 10(16) photons per second. The imaging of the strongest signal indicates a southeastern direction passing nearly overhead. The energy spectrum can be fit to an exponential with index 2.4 +/- 1.4. These transient events add to the already large backgrounds for celestial gamma ray sources.     

Radio and plasma wave observations at Saturn from Cassini's approach and first orbit

We report data from the Cassini radio and plasma wave instrument during the approach and first orbit at Saturn. During the approach, radio emissions from Saturn showed that the radio rotation period is now 10 hours 45 minutes 45 +/- 36 seconds, about 6 minutes longer than measured by Voyager in 1980 to 1981. In addition, many intense impulsive radio signals were detected from Saturn lightning during the approach and first orbit. Some of these have been linked to storm systems observed by the Cassini imaging instrument. Within the magnetosphere, whistler-mode auroral hiss emissions were observed near the rings, suggesting that a strong electrodynamic interaction is occurring in or near the rings.     

Correlated bursts of activity in the neonatal hippocampus in vivo

The behavior of immature cortical networks in vivo remains largely unknown. Using multisite extracellular and patch-clamp recordings, we observed recurrent bursts of synchronized neuronal activity lasting 0.5 to 3 seconds that occurred spontaneously in the hippocampus of freely moving and anesthetized rat pups. The influence of slow rhythms (0.33 and 0.1 hertz) and the contribution of both gamma-aminobutyric acid A-mediated and glutamate receptor-mediated synaptic signals in the generation of hippocampal bursts was reminiscent of giant depolarizing potentials observed in vitro. This earliest pattern, which diversifies during the second postnatal week, could provide correlated activity for immature neurons and may underlie activity-dependent maturation of the hippocampal network.     

苯酚-硫酸法测定葡萄多糖含量

用苯酚-硫酸法测葡萄多糖含量，研究显色温度、显色时间、苯酚及硫酸用量对葡萄多糖含量测定的影响。以此为基础，采用正交试验法确定最佳反应条件为：显色温度为沸水，显色时间为15min，苯酚用量为1．0ml，硫酸用量为8．0ml。     

Reversible interconversion of two forms of a valyl-tRNA synthetase-containing protein complex

When an enzyme-containing complex from yeast was incubated in a buffered solution at room temperature, the valyl-transfer RNA synthetase activity and total protein oscillated synchronously between two physical states. This observation suggests a regulatory process that controls a number of enzymes as a group, an integrated function of a kind not heretofore recognized. The two forms of the complex were separated by ammonium sulfate precipitation of one of them in samples withdrawn from the incubated solution every 30 seconds. Glutathione and dithiothreitol in high concentrations (50 mM) enhance formation of the 50% saturated ammonium sulfate-soluble form. Oxidized glutathione, diphosphopyridine nucleotide, triphosphopyridine nucleotide, and a mercurial thiol binding agent in moderate concentrations (0.1 to 1.0 mM) shift the distribution toward the precipitable form. It is suggested that the two forms represent functional and nonfunctional complex-bound enzymes which are interconverted in response to oxidoreductive signals.     

Mechanism of Phreatic Eruptions at Aso Volcano Inferred from Near-Field Broadband Seismic Observations

Broadband seismometers deployed at Aso volcano in Japan have detected a hydrothermal reservoir 1 to 1.5 kilometers beneath the crater that is continually resonating with periods as long as 15 seconds. When phreatic eruptions are observed, broadband seismograms elucidate a dynamic interplay between the reservoir and discharging flow along the conduit: gradual pressurization and long-period (approximately20 seconds) pulsations of the reservoir during the 100 to 200 seconds before the initiation of the discharge, followed by gradual deflation of the reservoir concurrent with the discharging flow. The hydrothermal reservoir, where water and heat from the deeper magma chamber probably interact, appears to help control the surface activity at Aso volcano.     

山葡萄藤叶止血效果的实验

用葡萄科山葡萄藤叶作外用止血试验的结果表明:小白鼠断尾止血时间为1分50秒,兔股动、静脉半切开止血时间为1分20秒,兔耳动脉切开止血时间为40秒。     

中等运动量对体弱学生身体的作用

本文论述了提高体弱学生体质的试验结果。说明体弱学生采用中等运动量进行长期地、有计划地锻炼,无论从学生的身体形态、机能和素质来看都能得到明显的改善。通过四学期的试验,30名学生的平均身高从166厘米提高到171.26厘米(p<0.01),体重从54.5公斤提高到58.83公斤(p<0.05);胸围从77.63厘米提高到85.2厘米(p<0.01);肺活量从3374.66毫升提高到4013毫升(p<0.01);安静时脉搏从77.63次/分降低到67.6次/分(p<0.01);引体向上从5.16次提高到15.4次(p<0.01):弹跳从40.46厘米提高到56.83厘米(p<0.01):立定跳远从196.73厘米提高到230.66厘米(p<0.01);100米快跑从16.46秒提高到13.75秒(p<0.01);1500米跑从6分零3秒提高到5分42秒(p<0.01);灵活性从11秒68提高到10秒3(p<0.01);达标人数从0提高到93%。本文对中等运动量的锻炼方法也作了详细介绍。     

A large excess in apparent solar oblateness due to surface magnetism

The shape of the Sun subtly reflects its rotation and internal flows. The surface rotation rate, approximately 2 kilometers per second at the equator, predicts an oblateness (equator-pole radius difference) of 7.8 milli-arc seconds, or approximately 0.001%. Observations from the Reuven Ramaty High-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager satellite show unexpectedly large flattening, relative to the expectation from surface rotation. This excess is dominated by the quadrupole term and gives a total oblateness of 10.77 +/- 0.44 milli-arc seconds. The position of the limb correlates with a sensitive extreme ultraviolet proxy, the 284 angstrom limb brightness. We relate the larger radius values to magnetic elements in the enhanced network and use the correlation to correct for it as a systematic error term in the oblateness measurement. The corrected oblateness of the nonmagnetic Sun is 8.01 +/- 0.14 milli-arc seconds, which is near the value expected from rotation.     

Haptic illusion: apparent elongation of a disk rotated between the fingers

A disk (coin) turned end over end between thumb and forefinger feels longer to the turning hand. The illusion grows rapidly for 30 seconds but does not become asymptotic within 60 seconds. The illusion increases with coin size and turning rate, and is independent of holding pressure. It appears to involve illusory mechanisms in both hands.     

山地橘园低功耗自动提水无线控制系统设计

为提高无电力供应的小规模山地橘园水源供应管理效率,研制了一种基于无线通信的低功耗自动提水系统。该系统由主从控制器2个部分组成,主控制器控制直流隔膜泵向山顶蓄水池提水,从控制器用于检测山顶蓄水池的水位;两控制器之间通过无线通信模块CC1101进行通信。测试了主从控制器工作在各个阶段的电流,由此估算出主从控制器运行1d的耗电量分别为8576.3mA.h和2.2 mA.h,65 A.h的铅酸蓄电池在满荷电状态下可以为装置提供7d连续阴雨天气的续航能力。系统通信成功率为100%,最长通信时间为12s,95%的通信可在6s内完成,且蓄水池水位检测误差不超过0.8cm。     

Radio stars

Up to the present time six classes of radio stars have been established. The signals are almost always very faint and drastically variable. Hence their discovery has owed as much to serendipity as to the highly sophisticated equipment and techniques that have been used. When the variations are regular, as with the pulsars, this characteristic can be exploited very successfully in the search for new objects as well as in the detailed study of those that are already known. The detection of the most erratically variable radio stars, the flare stars and the x-ray stars, is primarily a matter of luck and patience. In the case of the novas, one at least knows where and oughly when to look for radio emission. A very sensitive interferometer is clearly the best instrument to use in the initial detection of a radio star. The fact that weak background sources are frequently present makes it essential to prove that the position of a radio source agrees with that of a star to within a few arc seconds. The potential of radio astronomy for the study of radio stars will not be realized until more powerful instruments than those that are available today can be utilized. So far, we have been able to see only the most luminous of the radio stars.     

Observation of vortex lattices in Bose-Einstein condensates

Quantized vortices play a key role in superfluidity and superconductivity. We have observed the formation of highly ordered vortex lattices in a rotating Bose-condensed gas. These triangular lattices contained over 100 vortices with lifetimes of several seconds. Individual vortices persisted up to 40 seconds. The lattices could be generated over a wide range of rotation frequencies and trap geometries, shedding light on the formation process. Our observation of dislocations, irregular structure, and dynamics indicates that gaseous Bose-Einstein condensates may be a model system for the study of vortex matter.     

葡萄酒过滤系统“可过滤指数”的研究

葡萄酒"可过滤指数"是反映葡萄酒通过过滤膜能力的指标,该指标参数的确定对葡萄酒灌装生产具有指导意义。本文介绍了可过滤指数的测定和计算方法,采用该方法对王朝葡萄酿酒有限公司不同类型和不同级别的葡萄酒进行了测定,总结出了王朝葡萄酒的可过滤指数范围为干红葡萄酒:Vmax>2 000,IF<14.0 s,IFM<15.0 s;干白葡萄酒:Vmax>2 400,IF<17.0 s,IFM<16.0 s。     

Shallow dynamic overshoot and energetic deep rupture in the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake

Strong spatial variation of rupture characteristics in the moment magnitude (M(w)) 9.0 Tohoku-Oki megathrust earthquake controlled both the strength of shaking and the size of the tsunami that followed. Finite-source imaging reveals that the rupture consisted of a small initial phase, deep rupture for up to 40 seconds, extensive shallow rupture at 60 to 70 seconds, and continuing deep rupture lasting more than 100 seconds. A combination of a shallow dipping fault and a compliant hanging wall may have enabled large shallow slip near the trench. Normal faulting aftershocks in the area of high slip suggest dynamic overshoot on the fault. Despite prodigious total slip, shallower parts of the rupture weakly radiated at high frequencies, whereas deeper parts of the rupture radiated strongly at high frequencies.     

黑龙江银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch)精子生物学研究

测量了黑龙江水域比较有代表性的两个银鲫种群——方正银鲫和扎龙湖银鲫的染色体数量和精子密度 ,以及精子在天然水体中的泳动能力、精子的寿命、精子头部的直径和体积 ,结果表明 ,两种银鲫的遗传基础截然不同 ,方正银鲫的体细胞具有 15 0±条染色体 ,扎龙湖银鲫的体细胞具有 10 0条染色体 ;其精子的直径、体积和精子密度也反映了这一点 ,方正银鲫精子头部的直径平均为 2 .81︼m,体积平均为 11.83︼m3,尾长为 4 5 .2 6 ︼m;扎龙湖银鲫精子头部直径平均为 2 .34︼m,体积平均为 6 .83︼m3,尾长为 38.39︼m;方正银鲫的精子密度为 0 .5 7× 10 1 0 / m L～ 0 .90× 10 1 0 / m L,平均为 0 .73× 10 1 0 / m L;扎龙湖银鲫为 0 .94× 10 1 0 / m L～ 1.70× 10 1 0 / m L,平均为 1.38× 10 1 0 / m L。其他测量内容没有明显的区别 ,方正银鲫和扎龙湖银鲫精子的泳动能力分别为 4 9.16 s和 4 9.15 s,寿命分别为 3min2 4 s和 3m in16 s,两个群体之间的差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。两种鲫鱼的授精力没有明显的区域。本项研究进一步证明方正县双丰水库具有 15 0±条染色体的银鲫 ,其雄性具有正常的性别发育和生产精液的能力 ,所产生的精子与倍性正常的鱼类的精子在形态结构、泳动能力和受精能力等方面没有明显的区别?     

芦蒿的脱水与护色工艺研究

研究了芦蒿干制品的加工工艺及其加工中的护色技术。通过对芦蒿干制品品质的考虑,得出了芦蒿加工中的最佳烫漂和护色条件:用100 mg/kg ZnSO4护色液于100℃条件下烫漂120 s。从加工成本和产品品质综合考虑,烫漂和护色工艺推荐为75 mg/kg ZnSO4护色液于100℃条件下烫漂90 s。干制温度选择85℃时芦蒿干制品的品质最佳,且最为经济。