非淀粉多糖复合酶对饲喂低能量水平饲粮肉鸡生长性能的影响研究

为研究非淀粉多糖酶在肉鸡不同能量水平饲粮中的应用效果,本试验选取1日龄健康艾维茵肉鸡192只,随机分成4组,分别饲喂正对照基础日粮、负对照基础日粮、负对照基础日粮+100g/t酶制剂、负对照基础日粮+300g/t酶制剂,研究饲料在常规能量降低0.21MJ/kg的条件下,酶制剂对肉鸡生产性能的影响,结果表明:在1￣42日龄,两个加酶组的料重比比负对照组降低11.0%和10.3%(P<0.05)。表明非淀粉多糖酶在肉鸡日粮中降低0.21MJ/kg能量水平的条件下,能显著地提高肉鸡生产性能,提高饲料转化效率,经济效益良好。     

酶制剂及其与芽孢杆菌的配伍对仔猪营养物质消化率的影响

试验研究不同组合的酶制剂及其与微生态制剂的配伍对仔猪营养物质消化率的影响。将60头体质量(30±2.5)kg的健康仔猪随机分为A、B和C组共3个处理组,每处理组2个重复,每重复10头,其中A组为对照组,饲喂由4.00%仔猪复合预混料与相应推荐配比大原料组成的全价基础日粮;B组在基础日粮中添加300 g/t复合酶制剂(纤维素、木聚糖酶、α-淀粉酶和酸性蛋白酶等);C组在基础日粮中添加300 g/t酶制剂与200 g/t枯草芽孢杆菌。试验期35 d,采用Cr2O3指示剂法,测定仔猪日粮中钙、磷、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗纤维等营养物质的消化率。与饲喂基础日粮的对照组相比,B和C组钙消化率分别提高23.89%和26.40%,粗蛋白消化率分别降低13.10%和15.40%,粗纤维消化率分别提高17.50%和16.80%,均差异显著(P0.05)。B和C组磷和粗脂肪消化率高于对照组,但组间差异不显著(P0.05)。在仔猪日粮中添加复合酶制剂及酶制剂与芽孢杆菌配伍组合均能提高仔猪对钙、粗蛋白质和粗纤维的消化率。     

酶制剂对饲喂不同蛋白和能量水平日粮生长猪生产性能和养分消化率的影响

选用体重约26千克的杜长大三元杂交猪100头,随机分成四组。分别饲喂正对照基础日粮、负对照基础日粮、正对照基础日粮 0.075%酶制剂、负对照基础日粮 0.075%酶制剂,研究常规蛋白和能量水平以及蛋白水平降低一个百分点、能量降低0.5MJ/kg的条件下,酶制剂对生长猪生产性能和日粮养分消化率的影响。结果表明:正对照 酶组的平均日增重(ADG)和饲料转化率(FCR)比正对照组提高了19.3%和19.2%;干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)和能量(DE)的消化率分别比正对照组提高了2.3%、1.9%、7.2%和1.5%;负对照 酶组的平均日增重(ADG)和饲料转化率(FCR)比正、负对照组分别提高了15.6%和18.9%、13.1%和12.5%;干物质(DM)和能量(DE)消化率比负对照组提高了1.5%和3.3%;正负对照 酶明显改善了养殖经济效益。     

杂粕型日粮添加复合酶制剂对樱桃谷肉鸭养分代谢率的影响

选用30 d健康的樱桃谷鸭24只,随机分成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复1只鸭子。各组试鸭分别饲喂杂粕基础日粮、基础日粮+复合酶1、基础日粮+纤维素酶、基础日粮+复合酶2,酶制剂添加量均为100 mg/kg。结果表明:与对照组相比,基础日粮添加酶2组肉鸭粗蛋白表观代谢率显著提高(P<0.05),添加单一纤维素酶组肉鸭粗蛋白表观代谢率提高7.92%(P<0.01);基础日粮添加酶2组肉鸭能量表观代谢率较对照组显著提高(P<0.05),添加酶1及单一纤维素酶可极显著提高能量表观代谢率(P<0.01);基础日粮添加酶2组和添加单一纤维素酶组肉鸭粗脂肪表观代谢率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);基础日粮添加酶1组肉鸭粗纤维表观代谢率提高18.70%(P<0.01),添加酶2肉鸭粗纤维表观代谢率提高了12.27%(P<0.05)。结论:杂粕型日粮添加酶制剂可有效提高肉鸭养分表观代谢率,且复合酶效果优于单一纤维素酶;复合酶2提高日粮养分表观代谢率的效果优于复合酶1。     

小麦型日粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉鸭生产性能的影响

本试验在小麦型基础日粮中分别添加木聚糖酶0、50、100、150、200g/t饲料(5000U/g酶)饲喂12日龄樱桃谷肉鸭,观察木聚糖酶对肉鸭生产性能的影响。结果表明:添加木聚糖酶对肉鸭生产性能影响不显著(P0.05),单位增重饲料成本以添加量50 g/t(即每1 kg饲料含250 U木聚糖酶)的有效含量为佳。     

牛至草粉对肉鸭生长性能、抗氧化、肉品质及经济效益的影响

文章旨在评估日粮添加牛至草粉对1～42?d肉鸭生长性能、抗氧化和肉品质的影响。试验选择1日龄、平均体重为（48.63±0.06）g的商品肉鸭560只,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复26只。对照组肉鸭饲喂基础日粮,处理1组肉鸭饲喂基础日粮+50?mg/kg抗菌肽,处理2组和处理3组分别饲喂基础日粮+20和40?mg/kg牛至草粉。结果：与对照组相比,20?mg/kg牛至草粉组42?d肉鸭的体重显著提高7.23%（P＜0.05）,同时该组1～42?d肉鸭的饲料报酬显著提高14.81%（P＜0.05）。与对照组相比,20和40?mg/kg牛至草粉组肉鸭肌肉谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性分别显著提高23.08%和23.93%（P＜0.05）。抗菌肽组和20?mg/kg牛至草粉组肌肉丙二醛含量较对照组分别显著降低47.49%和52.36%（P＜0.05）。对照组血清丙二醛含量最高,20?mg/kg牛至草粉组丙二醛含量最低,对照组血清丙二醛含量较处理组分别显著提高87.53%、156.96%和78.07%（P＜0.05）。与对照组相比,处理组肌肉蒸煮损失分别显著降低35.86%、41.73%和39.95%（P＜0.05）,20和40?mg/kg牛至草粉组肌肉硫代巴比妥酸值分别显著降低11.76%和14.71%（P＜0.05）。结论：在本试验条件下,日粮添加牛至草粉对肉鸭的影响可以达到与抗菌肽一致的效果,其中粮添加20?mg/kg牛至草粉可以显著改善1～42?d肉鸭的饲料报酬,提高肌肉和血清的抗氧化性能,降低肌肉蒸煮损失。 [关键词]牛至草|肉鸭|生长性能|抗氧化|肉品质     

饲粮添加木聚糖酶对肉鸭生产性能和营养物质利用率的影响

试验采用单因子试验设计,试验分三个饲粮处理,分别为正对照组、正对照基础上降低代谢能0.836MJ/kg的负对照组及负对照基础上添加4000U/kg木聚糖酶饲料的处理组,每个处理7个重复,每个重复12只鸭,总计252只肉鸭。试验分前期(0～21d)和后期(22～42d)两个阶段。前后期饲粮均为颗粒饲料,在15～21d和36～42d阶段进行代谢试验,代谢试验期间,饲粮中加入0.4%的二氧化钛作为指示剂,预试期4d,正试期3d,在正试期内收集粪样,用于测定营养物质消化率,在42日龄时屠宰肉鸭,以重复为单位收集回肠食糜,冻干、粉碎后用于测定营养物质消化率。试验研究结果表明,与负对照组相比,在低能负对照组日粮中添加4000U/kg木聚糖酶可以使前期和后期肉鸭日增重分别提高9.8%和5.5%,料重比分别降低6.9%和5.3%;相对于低能负对照组,添加4000U/kg木聚糖酶可以显著提高前期肉鸭粗蛋白、能量的表观代谢率和代谢能,分别提高5.5%、4.0%和3.9%;在负对照组基础上添加4000U/kg的木聚糖酶可以显著提高后期肉鸭粗蛋白、能量的表观代谢率和表观代谢能,提高幅度分别为10.0%、4.2%、4.5%。添加4000U/kg木聚糖酶可以提高肉鸭表观代谢能0.47MJ/kg。     

稻谷专用酶制剂对肉鸭生长性能和营养物质利用率的影响

试验选用360只21日龄、体重为(1130.83±2.07)g的樱桃谷肉鸭,随机分为4组,每组3个重复(圈),每个重复(圈)30只鸭。分为正、负对照组,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组,分别饲喂玉米—豆粕型日粮、稻谷—玉米—豆粕型日粮、稻谷—玉米—豆粕型日粮+300g/t稻谷专用酶制剂和稻谷—玉米—豆粕型日粮+600g/t稻谷专用酶制剂,各组日粮营养水平一致。进行了为期14d的饲养试验,在试验后期进行了消化试验。试验结果表明:在稻谷—玉米—豆粕型肉鸭日粮中添加300和600g/t稻谷专用酶制剂,与正对照组和负对照组相比,肉鸭平均日增重提高4.45%、4.30%和6.01%、4.92%,料肉比降低8.14%、10.47和8.85%、11.15%(P<0.05);与负对照组相比,粗蛋白的表观利用率分别提高2.87%和2.20%,总磷的表观利用率分别提高23.23%和13.89%(P<0.05),植酸磷的利用率分别提高21.62%和30.42%(P<0.01),粗纤维的利用率分别提高32.30%和92.68%(P<0.01)。     

生物饲料添加剂对断奶仔猪生长和消化的影响

选用120头15kg左右健康、公母各半的杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为4组,每组三个重复,每重复10头。其中第1组饲喂基础日粮,第2组基础日粮中添加0.2%的益生素,第3组基础日粮中添加0.2%复合酶制剂,第4组添加0.2%的益生素 酶制剂。结果表明添加益生素组、添加酶制剂组和益生素 酶制剂组与基础日粮组相比,日增重分别提高1.85%、3.00%和8.99%;料重比分别降低2.98%、3.83%和4.68%;腹泻率分别下降20.38%、8.81%和30.04%。粗蛋白质表观消化率分别提高5.01%、1.92%和2.90%;粗纤维消化率分别提高了27.88%、18.80%和1.96%。说明生物饲料添加剂可有效提高仔猪生产性能和饲料营养成分利用率,是一种较为安全、高效的饲料添加剂。     

酸化剂对哺乳母猪采食量的影响

本试验旨在比较饲料中添加不同水平酸化剂对哺乳母猪采食量的影响。选择36头品种相同、体况相近、预产期接近的2~4胎长大杂交母猪,随机分成3组,每组12头母猪。从分娩开始到哺乳期结束(21d),对照组饲喂基础日粮、试验组1和试验组2分别在基础日粮中添加酸化剂2、4kg/t。结果显示,饲料中添加4kg/t酸化剂处理组,哺乳母猪采食量比对照组显著提高12.3%(P<0.05)。进一步分析发现,添加4kg/t酸化剂组与对照组相比显著降低饲料系酸力水平,降幅为9.8%(P<0.05),但这两个组母猪对饲料中氮消化率差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

Effect of iodine, copper and zinc supplements to rations with a high quota of rapeseed extract meal on the growth and thyroid function of fattening swine. 2. The effect of the iodine supplement on nutrient digestibility and on protein and energy retention

Three groups of six pigs each (live weight at the beginning of the experiment 20 kg) were given a cereal ration with 8% rape seed meal. Group I did not receive a J supplement and was fed ad libitum. The rations of groups II and III were supplemented with 1 mg J/kg feed. The feed intake of group II was limited to the amount consumed by group I (pair fed); group III received the feed ad libitum. The daily weight gains of the 3 groups were 327, 377 and 613 g, feed expenditure 3.79, 3.68 and 3.47 kg/kg gain. In an N balance experiment carried out with 3 animals each from groups I and II, 41.4% of the N taken in group I and 43.8% in group II were retained (p greater than 0.05). Liver, intestinal fat and leaf were heavier in group I (p less than 0.01), the protein content of the empty body, the bones and bristles significantly lower than in group II. Protein retention in group II was 14% higher than in group I. In case of iodine deficiency protein retention is lower, energy retention, however, is largely unchanged.     

1～14日龄北京鸭苏氨酸需要量的研究

试验采用2×5双因子完全随机试验设计,研究苏氨酸水平对1～14日龄北京鸭生产性能的影响,进而探讨1～14日龄北京鸭苏氨酸需要量。选取480只体重相近的1日龄健康的W系雄性北京鸭,随机分为10个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复8只北京鸭。试验日粮共设2个蛋白水平,分别为14%和20%;5个苏氨酸水平,分别为0.50%、0.58%、0.66%、0.74%、0.82%,各试验日粮的代谢能和其它必需氨基酸添加量一致。试验期为14d。研究结果表明:日粮蛋白质水平与苏氨酸水平产生明显的互作效应,且蛋白质水平与苏氨酸水平对1～14日龄北京鸭采食量、日增重、料重比影响均显著(P0.01)。在高蛋白质水平下,以采食量和日增重为评价指标,分别建立其与苏氨酸需要量的回归方程,得出均呈二次曲线变化,且1～14日龄北京鸭最佳苏氨酸需要量分别为0.688%、0.737%。在低蛋白质水平下,日增重和日采食量均随着苏氨酸水平的升高而升高,未出现下降或平台期,因此,低蛋白质水平下的苏氨酸需要量高于高蛋白质水平下的苏氨酸需要量,苏氨酸需要量与蛋白质有关。     

Changes in growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and nutrient digestibility of cherry valley ducks in response to aflatoxin B1 levels

The objective of this study was to investigate toxic effects of aflatoxin B1(AFB₁) on growth performance, organs, hepatic enzyme activities, apparent digestibility of nutrients and digestive enzyme activities in ducks. Ninety 1-day-old Cherry Valley commercial ducks were designed to three treatment groups with three replicates of ten birds each. Group I (control) was fed conventional feed free of AFB₁, group II or III was fed the diets containing 20 μg/kg or 40 μg/kg AFB₁-contaminated rice respectively. The feeding trial lasted 6 weeks. The results were that decreased body weight gain and feed intake, increased feed to gain ratio and selected organ weights (liver, kidney and pancreas) were observed in AFB₁-treated groups. The activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly increased in AFB₁-contamined groups. The apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP) was significantly lower while activities of digestive enzyme from duodenum contents including protease, chymotrypsin, trypsin and amylase were increased in AFB₁-treated group. These results indicated that AFB₁ of feed could decrease growth performance and apparent digestibility of nutrients, change digestive enzyme activities of duodenum contents in duck.     

1～3周龄黑羽公番鸭代谢能和粗蛋白质需要量的研究

本试验旨在确定1～3周龄黑羽公番鸭代谢能和粗蛋白质的需要量.采用3×3双因子试验设计,设3个代谢能水平( 11.72、12.14、12.55 MJ/kg)和3个粗蛋白质水平(17％、19％、21％),配制9种试验饲粮.选取1日龄黑羽公番鸭378羽,随机分为9个处理,每处理设6个重复,每重复7只鸭,每组试鸭随机饲喂1种试...     

Effect of apparent ileal digestible lysine to energy ratio on performance of finishing pigs at different dietary metabolizable energy levels

A study with a total of 96 crossbred barrows and gilts fed ad libitum in a body weight range of 56-110 kg was carried out in order to investigate whether the optimum ratio of apparent ileal digestible lysine : energy (ME) depends on the energy density of the diet. Dietary treatments were ratios of 0.34, 0.42, 0.50 and 0.58 g digestible lysine/MJ ME either at an energy density of 13 or 14 MJ ME. Body weight gain as well as feed and ME conversion rate were improved when lysine : ME ratio increased from 0.34 to 0.50, whereby all parameters showed a significant ratio x sex interaction. Feed intake and feed conversion rate were higher at a dietary energy density of 13 MJ ME than at an energy density of 14 MJ ME but energy density did not influence daily growth rate, ME intake and ME conversion rate. Fat area above eye muscle and meat : fat ratio were lower and eye muscle area and lean percentage were higher at a ratio of 0.42 compared with a ratio of 0.34. Daily feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion rate and parameters of fatness were higher in barrows than in gilts. Conversely, gilts had higher eye muscle area and lean percentage. Optimum ratio for body weight gain, feed and ME conversion rate calculated by exponential regression analysis were 0.42-0.43 in barrows. In gilts, feed and ME conversion rate were optimized at a ratio of 0.53 and 0.54. Because growth showed a linear response to increasing digestible lysine : ME ratios, optimum ratio for daily gain in gilts is considered to be at least 0.58.     

0~6周龄古典型岑溪三黄鸡对能量、蛋白质和含硫氨基酸营养需要量的研究

试验选用1日龄雌性古典型岑溪三黄鸡1080只,平均分成9个处理,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复为40只,用9种不同的处理日粮,进行为期6周的饲养试验。试验结果表明,能量对古典型岑溪三黄鸡的采食量、增重和料重比影响差异显著（P<0.05）,蛋白质和含硫氨基酸对古典型岑溪三黄鸡的增重、采食量和料重比影响差异不显著（P>0.05）。以增重为衡量指标,能量、蛋白质和总含硫氨基酸水平分别以12.13 MJ/kg、20%和0.97%对古典型岑溪三黄鸡最佳。      

Influence of dietary calcium on lead poisoning in mallard ducks (Anas platyrynchos)

Forty-five mallard ducks were allotted into 3 dietary groups. Group I was fed pelleted calcium-supplemented corn; group II was fed a pelleted commercial duck ration; and group III was fed cracked corn. Ten ducks of each group were given four No. 4 lead shot via an esophageal tube, and 5 ducks of each dietary group were kept as pair-fed controls. Anorexia and weight loss were most severe in the treated group III ducks. Group III had a maximum reduction in food consumption of 87% followed by a slight improvement in appetite; they lost 35% of their initial body weight. Group I treated ducks had a reduction in food consumption of 64% that eventually returned to the quantities consumed at the start of the experiment; group I ducks lost 18% of their initial body weight. Group II treated ducks maintained healthy appetites during the experiment and had a weight gain of 2% of their initial body weight. The number of ducks that became moribund and were euthanatized differed significantly among the treated groups with 100% of group III, 50% of group I, and 0% of group II treated ducks becoming moribund. All 3 groups of treated ducks had increased protoporphyrin IX concentrations compared with controls. Groups I and III lead-treated ducks had significant (P less than 0.05) reductions in erythrocyte counts, PCV, hemoglobin concentrations, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations as compared with controls. Group II had reduced hemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration compared with controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

日粮代谢能水平对“京红1号”蛋种鸡育成期生长性能及后续生产性能的影响

试验旨在研究日粮不同代谢能水平对"京红1号"蛋种鸡育成期生长性能及后续生产性能的影响。试验选用9周龄"京红1号"蛋种鸡1 260只,随机分为4个处理,每处理5个重复,每重复63只鸡,4个处理组日粮代谢能水平分别为11.30、11.50、11.70、11.90 MJ/kg,粗蛋白水平均为15.5%,试验期为4周。饲养试验结束后育成鸡转入产蛋舍,4个处理组饲喂同一种日粮(代谢能水平为11.51 MJ/kg、粗蛋白水平为16.4%),从见蛋开始跟踪记录鸡只的生产性能(10 d)。结果表明:随着日粮代谢能水平的增加,蛋鸡平均体重、日增重和胫长均显著增加(P0.05);耗料增重比和血浆尿素氮水平显著降低(P0.05);11.90 MJ/kg处理组平均体重、日增重和胫长最高,耗料增重比和血浆尿素氮水平最低;11.70 MJ/kg处理组的生长性能次之,后续的生产性能表现最好,其见蛋日龄最早,初始产蛋率最高。综合育成期生长性能和后续生产性能结果,"京红1号"蛋种鸡育成期(9~13周龄)代谢能水平在11.70 MJ/kg较为适宜。     

复合酶对临武鸭几种饼粕饲料原料养分利用率和代谢能的影响

本试验旨在研究复合酶(蛋白酶、纤维素酶和木聚糖酶)对临武鸭几种饼粕饲料原料(大豆粕、大豆渣、棉籽粕、2种菜籽粕、花生仁粕、2种芝麻粕)养分利用率和代谢能的影响。试验选用48只体重2.0 kg左右的健康成年临武鸭公鸭,随机分为6组,每组8个重复,每个重复1只鸭。采用绝食强饲-全收粪法进行3个批次代谢试验,每种原料均设对照组和添加复合酶组(试验原料中添加250 mg/kg的复合酶),对每只试验鸭强饲60 g试验原料,内源组强饲60 g无氮饲粮。测定添加复合酶条件下,临武鸭对8个饼粕饲料原料的表观代谢能(AME)、真代谢能(TME)及干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)和粗纤维(CF)表观利用率和真可利用率。结果表明:临武鸭对8个饼粕类原料的DM、CP、EE和CF表观利用率分别为38.85%~62.86%、50.73%~65.39%、50.16%~74.50%和32.32%~46.46%,AM E和TM E分别为6.82~12.72 M J/kg,8.79~14.69 M J/kg,添加复合酶使临武鸭对几种饼粕饲料原料的DM、CP、EE和CF的有效营养改进值(ENIV)分别为6.25~21.70 g/kg、2.60~16.73 g/kg、0.13~8.66 g/kg和0.66~2.74 g/kg,TM E提高了0.19~1.15 M J/kg。由此可知,添加复合酶能够一定程度地提高临武鸭对饼粕饲料原料的养分利用率和代谢能。     

肥育猪饲粮中添加苜蓿草粉对其生产性能、消化率及血清指标的影响

本研究目的在于评价在玉米－豆粕型基础饲粮中添加苜蓿草粉对肥育猪的利用价值。选取体重约５０ｋｇ的杜×长×大三元杂交猪４０头,采用单因子完全随机设计,分为５个组,每组４个重复,分别在饲粮中添加不同比例的苜蓿草粉,依次为：０（对照组）,１０％（试验Ｉ组）,１５％（试验ＩＩ组）,２０％（试验ＩＩＩ组）,２０％＋０．１％纤维素酶（试验ＩＶ 组）,各组主要营养指标相同。测定肥育猪饲喂含不同水平苜蓿草粉饲粮后主要生产性能、消化率及血清中主要生化指标的变化。结果表明,１）试验ＩＩ、ＩＩＩ、ＩＶ 组平均日增重、采食量较对照组明显提高,而试验ＩＩ、ＩＶ 组的料肉比明显降低,因此,添加１５％的苜蓿草粉或２０％的苜蓿草粉＋０．１％ 纤维素酶有利于提高肥育猪的体重及饲料转化率。２）试验Ｉ、ＩＩ组和对照组相比,其干物质、粗蛋白质、粗灰分、中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率均不同程度提高;虽然试验ＩＩＩ、ＩＶ 组上述４项指标的表观消化率和对照组相近或稍高,但试验ＩＶ 组各主要指标优于试验ＩＩＩ组,说明添加１０％和１５％的苜蓿草粉有利于提高营养物质的表观消化率,苜蓿草粉添加至２０％时加纤维素酶对各项指标消化率有改进。３）肥育猪饲粮中添加苜蓿草粉,降低了其血液甘油三酯、胆固醇及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量,升高了高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量。试验证明,在肥育猪饲粮中添加１５％紫花苜蓿草粉对肥育猪生产性能、营养物质消化率及血清生化指标的改善有利,苜蓿草粉降低血液胆固醇的功能可能是其中皂苷的作用。