Fuzzy Analysis Method for Evaluating the Qualityof Project General Supervision Engineer

Since the implementation of the new construction system in 1988 in China, this system has gone through three phases: trial phase(1988-1993),development phase(1993-1995),and comprehensive application phase from 1996.Construction supervision as a new management system has profound effects to the whole process of a construction project, in particular, to the three conventional objectives, that is quality, cost and construction time. The new management system has to a large extent brought the traditional problems of extended construction time, uncontrollable cost and unsecured quality to a normal practice. Construction supervision is a management activity with request of high intelligence. The performance of this activity is closely related to the quality of project general supervision engineer. This paper identifies the basic elements that a proper project general supervision must have. By applying the fuzzy analysis principle, this paper presents a quantitative model for evaluating the quality of project general supervision engineer.It provides an applicable approach for project clients when general supervision engineers are to be chosen.     

Representation Forms of Randomicity of Conflict Events in Construction Project and Their Affection

The conflict events that occurred in construction engineering project(CEP) often bring about a lot of adverse affection on project implementation,and show a random character.In order to find out the representing rule of conflict events in CEP,on the basis of investigation,in this paper the representing degree of conflict events in every stage is described with a new concept,i.e.the representing intensity,by combining the quantitative analysis with the qualitative analysis.Then,according to AHP,every stage's judgment matrixes of conflict events are set up,their affection on the whole construction projects from the cumulative results of conflict events in each stage have been analyzed with Latent roots of these matrixes,and the outcome is satisfactory according to the result of consistency test.At last,the distribution of conflict events during the life cycle of CEP has also been described by statistics data of the investigation.The research has obvious theoretic and practical value for forecasting conflict events,mastering the whole project situation,avoiding and reducing conflict events,and improving project management level.     

中国休闲农业发展趋势探析

在全国休闲农业摸底调查、分省调研和实地考察的基础上,全面分析中国休闲农业的发展过程和未来发展趋势,提出了中国休闲农业的发展呈现8个趋势,即创意策划品牌化、要素组合集约化、技术集成模式化、生产建设标准化、资源利用循环化、产品优质生态化、服务人本规范化、产业经营联盟化。     

地方高校食品专业科研实验室管理措施探析

以渤海大学食品科学与工程学院科研实验室管理经验为依据,分别从实验室安全管理制度、安全教育及基础设施保障等方面进行详细阐述,并重点突出研究生在科研实验室管理中的作用,旨在为建设一个安全、和谐、绿色的实验环境提供安全保障,从而更好地为地方高校科研和学科建设服务。     

Health Record Management System in Visual Electroencephalograph

Visual Electroencephalograph (VEEG) is a new type of digital, information electroencephalograph. As an important part of Visual Electroencephalograph, Health Record Management System(HRMS)is integrant to store electroencephalographic data plentifully, show and edit their waveforms, analyze the data on line or off line. By the most popular and steady Relational-Database technology, ADO Application Programming Interface (API) and Visual C++ programming tool, the system has the friendly interactive interface and the functions of adding, updating, deleting, recalling, counting health record information, etc. Integrated with other parts of VEEG, HRMS ameliorates traditional EEG and overcomes some disadvantages of it such as discommodious to record, difficult to read and hard to get useful information. This paper introduces main functions, structure design and components of Health Record Management System.     

华北地区有机及常规草莓生产对环境影响的生命周期评价

有机农业与农产品质量安全和生态环境安全密切相关,其环境影响效应也越来越受到人们的广泛关注,系统全面评价有机农产品生产过程对环境的影响,对促进有机农业健康发展具有重要应用价值。本研究采用生命周期评价方法(Life Cycle Assessment, LCA),分析和比较了山东省淄博市博山区有机草莓和北京市昌平区常规草莓生产过程及其对环境的影响。研究结果表明,在各项环境影响指标中,常规草莓生产带来的全球变暖、环境酸化、富营养化和土壤毒性的潜在环境影响分别是全球人均基准值的 3.45%、 2.11%、 27.09%和 280.16%,而有机草莓生产带来的全球变暖、环境酸化、富营养化和土壤毒性的潜在环境影响分别是全球人均基准值的 1.22%、 0.44%、 15.17%和 202.76%,均低于常规草莓。常规草莓生产中生命周期环境影响较大的是富营养化、水体毒性和土壤毒性,造成常规草莓水体毒性危害严重的原因是种植阶段农药残留迁移至水体所致,而土壤毒性是由于化肥和有机肥所携带的重金属残留所致。有机草莓生产中生命周期环境影响较大的是富营养化和土壤毒性,主要是由于有机草莓农作阶段施肥过程中的磷流失和重金属残留所引起的。总体上看,有机草莓生命周期环境影响综合指数为 0.22,而常规草莓为 0.43,说明常规草莓对环境的负面影响明显高于有机草莓。因此,施用生物源农药与优质有机肥是控制草莓生命周期负面环境影响的关键措施。     

The New Trend of Network Management: Web based Network Management

WEB(Web based Network Management) is new trend of Network Management.Features of WBM and related international standards are described.AI environment integrates with WBM is the next trend of network management too.Integrated and intelligent WBM system will be developed in the futare.     

Innovation of Construction Projects Management Based on the Five-dimension Modeling

Nowadays,the computer technology is applied more and more widely in the architecture,engineering and construction industries(AEC).This paper introduces a methodology of construction project management based on the five-dimension modeling which integrates three-dimension building models,resources and schedules by the development of virtual construction technology.The application of this method also influences several aspects of project management such as range,time,cost,resource,communication and information management.Finally,the process of 5D modeling and the management practice are presented through a real life case in Beijing which proves to be a more efficient,productive and economy project.     

高梁、苏丹草及高梁-苏丹草杂交种产量和饲用品质的比较

在大田条件下，比较研究了高梁-苏丹草杂交种（皖草2号、京科草1号）与高梁、苏丹草的生物产量和饲用品质。结果表明，与高梁和苏丹草相比，高梁-苏丹草杂交种的生物产量高，其中，皖草2号的鲜、干物质产量比苏丹草722选分别高83．8％和121．9％，京科草1号的鲜、干物质产量比722选分别高98．6％和139．9％；杂交种的粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量高，无氮浸出物含量低；粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗纤维的产量及总能量均最高，高梁次之，苏丹草最低，杂交种饲用品质的改善主要是粗蛋白和粗脂肪的显著提高；从物质分配和能量形成的角度分析，茎秆和叶鞘是鲜物质产量的主要组成部分，而在干物质产量和能量的形成过程中，茎秆、叶鞘和叶片具有同等重要的作用。     

高粱、苏丹草及高粱-苏丹草杂交种产量和饲用品质的比较

在大田条件下,比较研究了高粱-苏丹草杂交种（皖草2号、京科草1号）与高粱、苏丹草的生物产量和饲用品质。结果表明,与高粱和苏丹草相比,高粱-苏丹草杂交种的生物产量高,其中,皖草2号的鲜、干物质产量比苏丹草722选分别高83.8%和121.9%,京科草1号的鲜、干物质产量比722选分别高98.6%和139.9%;杂交种的粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量高,无氮浸出物含量低;粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗纤维的产量及总能量均最高,高粱次之,苏丹草最低,杂交种饲用品质的改善主要是粗蛋白和粗脂肪的显著提高;从物质分配和能量形成的角度分析,茎秆和叶鞘是鲜物质产量的主要组成部分,而在干物质产量和能量的形成过程中,茎秆、叶鞘和叶片具有同等重要的作用。     

Comprehensive Control Technique of Reliability in Large Construction Project Management

After analyzing the current researches with the three-major-goal management: quality,cost and time,on the construction project and aiming at the existing issues,this article puts forward a new method.This method identifies the reliability of every fundamental module(subsystem) suitably,which based on the current standards to analyze and classify the large construction procedure,and was constituted by the construction procedure.Also was considered the three-major-goal(quality,cost and time) of every module.Then the reliability of the large construction project was calculated,the qualified standards of reliability were evaluated,and the general and particular frame was optimized.Furthermore,it raises a new conception of the comprehensive control technique considering the reliability of the three-major-goal synthetically.This article explores a new way to ensure the three major unified goals: quality,cost and time,of the construction project management,and makes sure that the process of the construction project was in an ideal condition.     

Application of the Life Cycle Assessment methodology to agricultural production: an example of sugar beet production with different forms of nitrogen fertilisers

The suitability of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology to analyse the environmental impact of agricultural production is investigated. The first part of an LCA is an inventory of all the resources used and emissions released due to the system under investigation. In the following step, i.e. the Life Cycle Impact Assessment the inventory data were analysed and aggregated in order to finally get one index representing the total environmental burden. For the Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) the Eco-indicator 95 method has been chosen, because this is a well-documented and regularly applied impact assessment method. The resulting index is called Eco-indicator value. The higher the Eco-indicator value the stronger is the total environmental impact of an analysed system. A sugar beet field experiment conducted in northeastern Germany was chosen as an example for the analysis. In this experiment three different nitrogen fertilisers (calcium ammonium nitrate=CAN, urea ammonium nitrate solution=UAN, urea) were used at optimum N rates. The obtained Eco-indicator values were clearly different for the N fertilisers used in the sugar beet trial. The highest value was observed for the system where urea was used as N source. The lowest Eco-indicator value has been calculated for the CAN system. The differences are mainly due to different ammonia volatilisation after application of the N fertilisers. For all the systems the environmental effects of acidification and eutrophication contributed most to the total Eco-indicator value. The results show that the LCA methodology is basically suitable to assess the environmental impact associated with agricultural production. A comparative analysis of the system, contribution to global warming, acidification, eutrophication and summer smog is possible. However, some important environmental issues are missing in the Eco-indicator 95 method (e.g. the use of resources and land).     

Application of the Pattern of Construction Management Contract in Large-scale Project in Shanghai

This article states systematically the fundamental conception of the mode of construction management general contract, the contract structure and the organization structure through the analysis of the construction characteristics of Shanghai large-scale projects, considering the situation of China and the characteristics of this line. It also summarizes the characteristics of the mode of construction management general contract through the example of the Pudong International Airport Construction. The mode of construction management general contract not only meets the needs of construction technique in bettering the design of construction project building, but also releases the pressure in middle and later management of construction project building and overcomes the deficiency of the long-term building period, hard-to-control investigation brought by the problem of design, purchase, construction divided from and restricted by each other existed in the traditional contract mode. It also helps the contractor to provide socialized, specialized, commoditized service for the contractor. Helps to overall arrangement, economized investment, management level improve ment can be given. So it has the superiority in super large-scale projects construction compared with the traditional construction management.     

Study on the New Mechanism in Projects Management of Guangzhou University City

The Phase I Construction of Guangzhou University City Project has not only witnessed a miracle in construction speed and quality, but in the systematic management of large engineering projects. Of the management systems, there are three ones that have played an important role in the Phase I Project. One is the Small Employer Management System with Large Supervision System, which is characterized by Supervising coordinator; the second one is the large quantity construction materials supply management in which Party A bids and Party B supplies. The third one is the incentive system by means of comprehensive evaluation carried out by a third Party.     

GIS技术在城市历史遗产保护管理中的应用研究进展

传统的历史遗产保护方法在信息处理和管理等方面具有较大的局限性。以世界遗产保护和管理机制发展为目标,通过国内外成功的案例解析遗产资源调查和信息整合GIS数据库的构建过程。分别阐述了GIS在文化遗产保护、区域文化与自然遗产保护、风景园林遗产保护等方面的实践应用情况。指出国内遗产保护领域应当多借助新的思维方式和研究方法,将GIS与其它数字化技术综合运用到遗产保护管理研究,今后尤其需要加强遗产价值和遗产文献资料保存、GIS系统检测等方面的研究。研究结果表明,信息处理、编写遗产文件、绘制专题地图是动态GIS数据库建设过程中的核心环节,可以有效挖掘历史城市突出的遗产价值,并有助于管理部门制定不同城市遗产文献保护和管理战略,从而为中国未来遗产保护和可持续发展提供可借鉴的创新思路。     

闽西北农田渠道防渗不同衬砌结构的比较分析及现场浇筑混凝土立模工艺的创新

本文通过对闽西北烟－稻轮作区2005-2007年度农田渠道建设中采用的浆砌石、预制混凝土渠槽、现场浇筑混凝土等三种防渗衬砌结构的渠道造价进行分析,结合防渗效果、工程效益、运行情况和使用年限等方面的比较,选择出造价经济、建设质量容易控制、防渗水效果好、工程效益高、运行情况好、使用年限长的现场浇筑混凝土结构作为渠道衬砌的主要方式。由于在现场浇筑混凝土的施工中采用了双面立模、钢架固定的立模新工艺,从而达到整体浇筑、一次成型的施工目的。实践证明此方法增强了渠道的密实度和强度,渠面麻点少、糙率减小,提高了防淤抗冲性、抗磨性,渠道线条更加流畅,美观度好,从而增加了过水能力,方便了管护运行,延长了渠道的使用年限。     

Control and Analysis on Environmental Object of Construction Project

With social development, the environment has become one of the major topics in human life. Although the construction project may improve economy and environment, it also may exert negative impact on environment. Cost, schedule and quality are three important objectives of construction project and on the objective of environment have not been focused. The author of this paper reiterated the importance of environmental control for the construction project and key areas to be focused on during the whole process of construction project.     

Productivity of organic and conventional arable cropping systems in long-term experiments in Denmark

A field experiment comparing different arable crop rotations was conducted in Denmark during 1997–2008 on three sites varying in climatic conditions and soil types, i.e. coarse sand (Jyndevand), loamy sand (Foulum), and sandy loam (Flakkebjerg). The crop rotations followed organic farm management, and from 2005 also conventional management was included for comparison. Three experimental factors were included in the experiment in a factorial design: 1) crop rotation (organic crop rotations varying in use of whole-year green manure (O1 and O2 with a whole-year green manure, and O4 without), and a conventional system without green manure (C4)), 2) catch crop (with and without), and 3) manure (with and without). The experiment consisted of three consecutive cycles using four-course rotations with all crops present every year, i.e. 1997–2000 (1st cycle), 2001–2004 (2nd cycle), and 2005–2008 (3rd cycle). In the 3rd cycle at all locations C4 was compared with two organic rotations, i.e. O2 and O4. The O2 rotation in the third cycle included spring barley, grass-clover, potato, and winter wheat, whereas C4 and O4 included spring barley, faba bean, potato, and winter wheat. For the O2 rotation with green manure there was a tendency for increased DM yield over time at all sites, whereas little response was seen in N yield. In the O4 rotation DM and N yields tended to increase at Foulum over time, but there was little change at Flakkebjerg. The DM yield gap between organic and conventional systems in the 3rd cycle varied between sites with 34–66% at Jyndevad, 21–44% at Foulum, and 32–52% at Flakkebjerg. The inclusion of grass-clover resulted in lower cumulated yield over the rotation than the treatment without grass-clover. The use of manure reduced the DM yield gap between conventional and organic systems on an average by 15 and 21%-points in systems with and without grass-clover, respectively, and the use of catch crops reduced the yield gap by 3 and 5%-points in the respective systems. Across all crops the agronomic efficiency of N in manure (yield benefit for each kg of mineral N applied) was greater in O4 compared with O2 for all crops.     

Continued response through seven cycles of recurrent selection for grain yield in oat (Avena sativa L.)

Long-term selection experiments provide germplasm to study the effects of selection in a closed population. Recurrent selection to enhance grain yield in oat has been ongoing at the University of Minnesota since 1968. The objectives of this study were: (i) estimate the GCA and SCA effects for three agronomic traits in the seventh cycle of selection, (ii) assess the effect of the current methods of selection on parental contribution and unselected traits, and (iii) determine the direct and indirect responses to seven cycles of recurrent selection for grain yield. Progeny of the Cycle 6 parents and parents for Cycles 0 through 7 were grown in two separate tests. Grain yield, heading date and plant height were evaluated in each test. Grain yield was increased by 21.7% after seven cycles of selection. Evaluation of Cycle 6 progeny showed that GCA effects were significant for all three traits studied, and SCA effects were significant only for grain yield. Four Cycle 6 parents did not have any progeny selected as Cycle 7 parents. Results from this study indicate that long term recurrent selection has continued to increase grain yield. Alternative selection strategies may be necessary to maintain the genetic variability in this population, particularly when improvement of secondary traits is required. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

基于凯氏定氮法与杜马斯燃烧法测定土壤全氮的比较研究

氮循环是生物地球化学研究中最重要的课题之一,全氮含量的测定是农业、生物和环境等多领域研究的常规测试项目。凯氏定氮法和杜马斯燃烧法作为常规方法用于土壤全氮含量的测定。实验对10个土壤标准样品进行测定,分别采用凯氏定氮法和杜马斯燃烧法测定其全氮含量,对两种方法的准确性、精密度和相关性进行分析。结果表明：杜马斯燃烧法和凯氏定氮法具有很好的相关性,杜马斯燃烧法精密度高于凯氏定氮法,但在样品氮含量较低时,凯氏定氮法的测定结果更准确。