肉鸡腹水综合征患鸡右心组织钙沉积和Ca2+-ATPase活性变化

右心肥大衰竭是腹水综合征患鸡发病的重要环节之一,而心肌细胞内Ca^2＋浓度在调节心脏收缩和舒张功能及其生长方面都起着重要作用。本试验应用右心导管法测定AS患鸡右心压力变化情况,采用焦锑酸钾沉淀法、电镜酶细胞化学法研究AS患鸡右心组织Ca^2＋和钙泵（Ca^2＋-ATPase）活性变化及其精确定位。结果显示AS组肉鸡右心室舒张压极显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）,同时,右心室内压最大变化速率也极显著降低（P〈0.01）;对照组肉鸡右心组织偶见少量散在的Ca^2＋沉淀颗粒,低温诱发AS患鸡右心组织发生了明显的钙沉积;对照组肉鸡的右心组织Ca^2＋-ATPase以高电子密度颗粒分布于肌浆网、线粒体膜等处,AS患鸡心脏组织的Ca^2＋-ATPase的电子密度颗粒显著减少或缺失。本研究揭示,在低温条件下AS患鸡具有明显的右心舒张功能障碍,Ca^2＋浓度增高和Ca^2＋-ATPase功能抑制可能在其中起着重要作用。     

Effects of extracellular Ca2+ on phagocytosis and intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in polymorphonuclear leukocytes of postpartum dairy cows

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of extracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](e)) on phagocytosis and intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). The experiments were performed by using blood samples from parturient paretic and clinically normal parturient cows and manipulating the [Ca(2+)](e) in vitro. Phagocytosis by PMNs (with and without stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate and inhibition with cytochalasin B) and resting [Ca(2+)](i) were significantly lower in parturient paretic cows. Repletion of Ca(2+) in the extracellular media for the samples from these animals increased phagocytosis and resting [Ca(2+)](i). In the blood of clinically normal parturient cows, decreasing the [Ca(2+)](e) decreased phagocytosis and resting [Ca(2+)](i) in PMNs, but increasing the [Ca(2+)](e) did not affect phagocytosis. These results suggest that the hypocalcemic condition of parturient paretic cows in vivo causes decreased phagocytosis and resting [Ca(2+)](i) in PMNs, which may partly contribute to greater susceptibility to infection.     

快速测定饲料级磷酸氧钙、磷酸二氢钙中钙、总磷含量

采用改进法测定饲料级磷酸氢钙和磷酸二氢钙中钙及总磷含量,测量结果与国标法比较,经t检验结果差异不显著(P>0.05),方法准确、可靠,可推广应用。     

快速测定饲料级磷酸氢钙、磷酸二氢钙中钙、总磷含量

采用改进法测定饲料级磷酸氢钙和磷酸二氢钙中钙及总磷含量,测量结果与国标法比较,经t检验结果差异不显著(P>0.05),方法准确、可靠,可推广应用。     

乳酸发酵中添加蛋壳粉为钙源的研究

在乳酸发酵中添加蛋壳粉、CaCO3、CaHPO4、Ca3(PO4)2，并以乙二胺四乙酸二钠容量法检测其中Ca^2 含量。结果表明，各种钙源均要在不同程度上提高发酵液中的Ca^2 含量，其中添加CaCO3后发酵液的Ca^2 含量达到最高，蛋壳粉次之，且蛋壳粉对发酵液中Ca^2 的相对增值最显著。同时发酵液中pH及Ca^2 含量在发酵过程中呈现出动态变化，Ca^2 含量还与发酵温度有关。     

H2O2胁迫下豌豆初生根及抗氧化酶系统对外源 Ca2＋的响应

以豌豆品种“陇豌一号”为材料,通过对豌豆种子萌发初期初生根生理特性的研究,探索提高豌豆初生根外源H2 O2胁迫条件下抗性能力的途径。运用生理生化方法,测定 H2 O2胁迫下豌豆初生根在外源 Ca2＋处理后的弯曲率和根系活力,并对豌豆初生根内的丙二醛（MDA）含量、相对膜透性、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性进行测定。结果显示,80 mmol／L 的 H2 O2处理下的豌豆初生根正常生长受到显著抑制,但是经过 Ca2＋处理后,根系生长抑制作用得到缓解,根系活力得以恢复。外施10 mmol／L Ca2＋初生根 MDA 值较 CK1降低了37．32％,并显著地提高了 POD,SOD,CAT 和 APX 的活性,其值分别为51．946 U／（mg·min）,865．174 U／g FW,1．9739 mmol／（L·g·min）和2．569μmol／（L·g·min）。总之,外源施加 Ca2＋能够有效降低 H2 O2造成的氧化胁迫,缓解对初生根细胞膜的伤害,降低质膜透性,增强初生根系抗氧化酶活性,达到抵抗逆境胁迫的目的。     

不同浓度Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe2+、Zn2+对紫花苜蓿生长的影响

以紫花苜蓿金皇后为材料,采用温室盆栽的方法对其在不同浓度Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe2+、Zn2+下的生长及结瘤情况进行探讨,结果表明:不同浓度不同离子对紫花苜蓿地上生物量及结瘤情况影响各有不同,其中Ca2+浓度为90mg/L时植株结瘤数目最丰,促进植株结瘤的作用最为明显;Mg2+浓度80mg/L时植株根冠比最大,为41.56％;Fe2+对植株结瘤数与蛋白质含量的影响作用最不明显,浓度为15mg/L时植株地上生物量干重为0.41g/株,增产作用优于Ca2+和Mg2+;Zn2+浓度为2.0mg/L时地上生物量干重(0.56g/株)和粗蛋白质含量(18.78％)均最高,对植株产量增加与蛋白质含量累积作用最为显著.     

FSH通过cAMP、Ca~(2+)调节仔猪睾丸支持细胞的增殖

本研究旨在阐明FSH调节睾丸支持细胞增殖的机制。试验以2～3周龄的仔猪睾丸支持细胞为实验材料,采用体外培养模型,通过细胞数量检测、ELISA和Western blot等方法研究FSH对睾丸支持细胞的调节作用。试验结果如下:(1)在0～50ng·mL-1内,随着FSH浓度的增加,睾丸支持细胞数量呈增加的趋势(P0.05);当浓度为50ng·mL-1时,FSH促增殖作用最明显;细胞内cAMP的浓度也随着FSH的浓度而增加(P0.05);(2)FSH作用后5min内就激活了ERK1/2级联反应,在48h内,ERK1/2的激活有一定的周期性;加入ERK1/2的抑制剂PD98059和U0126明显的降低了FSH诱导的睾丸支持细胞的增殖和PCNA的表达(P0.05);(3)加入FSH和Forskolin增强了细胞的增殖和ERK1/2的激活(P0.05);而加入Rp-cAMP则明显降低了FSH诱导的细胞增殖和ERK1/2的激活(P0.05);L-Ca2+通道抑制剂Verapamil抑制了细胞的增殖和ERK1/2的激活;Rp-cAMP与Verapamil共同作用强于单独作用,表现出一定的协同效应(P0.05)。结果表明,FSH通过cAMP、Ca2+激活ERK1/2,并通过ERK1/2调节PCNA的表达进而调节支持细胞的增殖。     

Quantification of Ca2(+)-dependent protease activities by hydrophobic and ion-exchange chromatography

Hydrophobic and ion-exchange chromatography were compared for yield of Ca2(+)-dependent proteases and their inhibitor in studies designed to quantify Ca2(+)-dependent proteases activity for comparative purposes. Ion-exchange (DEAE-Sephacel) proved superior to hydrophobic chromatography (Phenyl-Sepharose). Under the proper conditions, DEAE-Sephacel effectively separated low-calcium-requiring form of Ca2(+)-dependent protease (CDP-I) and CDP inhibitor. Characterization of the assay system for components of the Ca2(+)-dependent proteolytic system separated by ion-exchange chromatography indicated that proteolytic degradation of casein by Ca2(+)-dependent proteases was linear with time for up to 60 min at 25 degrees C and that it was linear up to .4 to .45 units of activity. Therefore, we recommend that, after identification of fractions containing Ca2(+)-dependent protease (CDP-I or CDP-II), these fractions be pooled, and reassayed at a volume that yields values of less than .45 units of activity. Unlike CDP-I and CDP-II, CDP inhibitor lost its activity rapidly with frozen storage (frozen in liquid nitrogen, then stored at -70 degrees C); therefore, inhibitor should be assayed in fresh (unfrozen) samples only.     

宰后肌肉僵直过程中游离钙离子的作用及影响因素

游离钙离子在肌肉僵直化过程中起着至关重要的作用.文章将在宰后肌肉僵直过程中游离钙离子的作用和变化及与其他生理生化指标变化的关系进行了研究,并对影响游离钙离子变化的因素进行了阐述.为深入研究肌肉的生物电学特性及肉品企业科学生产提供基础理论和科学依据.     

Circadian variation of the Ca2+ -PTH curve during hypercalcaemia in dogs

To test the hypothesis that the parathyroid hormone (PTH) response to hypercalcaemia is influenced by circadian rhythms, the Ca2+ -PTH curve was studied in six dogs after infusion of CaCl2 (0.66 mEq/kg/h) at daytime (09:00 h) and at night-time (21:00 h). Plasma Ca2+ and PTH values measured before or after CaCl2 infusion were not different at day and at night. However, in the recovery from hypercalcaemia, PTH concentrations were significantly lower (P < 0.05) at 21:00 h (23 +/- 7.5 pg/ml at Ca2+ = 1.30 mm) than at 09:00 h (38.8 +/- 6.9 pg/ml at Ca2+ = 1.30 mm). In addition, the Ca2+ -PTH curve showed hysteresis at daytime (for the same Ca2+ concentration, PTH values were higher during recovery than during induction of hypercalcaemia) but not at night-time (PTH values were lower during recovery than during induction of hypercalcaemia). In conclusion, a circadian variation in the PTH secretory pattern during recovery from hypercalcaemia has been identified in dogs.     

钌红对玻璃化冷冻牛卵母细胞线粒体Ca2+的调控研究

玻璃化冷冻会严重损伤哺乳动物卵母细胞的线粒体功能,进而极大地限制了其解冻后的发育能力。为此,本试验设置3个钌红（RR）处理组,即牛卵母细胞用含0.5、1、2 μmol／L RR的玻璃化冷冻液进行冷冻,解冻后放入含0.5、1、2 μmol／L RR的体外成熟液中继续培养0.5 h,同时,新鲜卵母细胞一部分不进行冷冻,一部分用不含RR的冷冻液进行玻璃化冷冻,分别作为新鲜对照组和玻璃化冷冻对照组,然后共检测5组牛卵母细胞线粒体Ca²⁺水平、ATP含量及孤雌激活后胚胎的发育能力,进而研究RR对玻璃化冷冻牛卵母细胞线粒体Ca²⁺水平的调控作用。结果显示：①玻璃化冷冻显著提高了牛卵母细胞中线粒体Ca²⁺水平（P＜0.05）,而2 μmol／L RR处理组线粒体Ca²⁺水平显著低于冷冻对照组（P＜0.05）,但与新鲜组相比无显著差异（P＞0.05）;②玻璃化冷冻显著降低了牛卵母细胞中ATP含量（P＜0.05）,2 μmol／L RR处理组卵母细胞中ATP含量显著高于冷冻对照组及0.5、1 μmol/L RR处理组（P＜0.05）;③玻璃化冷冻对照组卵裂率、囊胚率显著低于新鲜对照组（P＜0.05）,1 μmol／L处理组卵裂率、囊胚率与新鲜对照组相比无显著差异（P＞0.05）。综上所述,RR处理能显著抑制解冻后牛卵母细胞线粒体Ca²⁺流入,保护线粒体功能,提高其发育能力。本试验结果为正向调控玻璃化冷冻卵母细胞线粒体Ca²⁺水平,进而提高其发育能力,促进玻璃化冷冻卵母细胞的广泛应用提供了参考依据。     

内毒素对山羊红细胞膜Ca2+-ATP酶及红细胞内和血清中Ca2+离子浓度的影响

内毒素血症中自由基生成增多。自由基可攻击酶活性部位，使酶蛋白发生结构重构，形成新的聚合物，使原来酶活性丧失或改变。Ca^2＋-ATP酶是红细胞膜上的蛋白之一。Ca^2＋是细胞内第二信使，在细胞外信号传递以及放大过程中起着重要的作用。     

Isolation of chicken taste buds for real‐time Ca2+ imaging

We isolated chicken taste buds and used a real‐time Ca²⁺ imaging technique to investigate the functions of the taste cells. With RT‐PCR, we found that isolated chicken taste bud‐like cell subsets express chicken gustducin messenger RNA. Immunocytochemical techniques revealed that the cell subsets were also immunopositive for chicken gustducin. These results provided strong evidence that the isolated cell subsets contain chicken taste buds. The isolated cell subsets were spindle‐shaped and approximately 61–75 μm wide and 88–98 μm long, and these characteristics are similar to those of sectional chicken taste buds. Using Ca²⁺ imaging, we observed the buds' response to 2 mmol/L quinine hydrochloride (a bitter substance) and their response to a mixture of 25 mmol/L L‐glutamic acid monopotassium salt monohydrate and 1 mmol/L inosine 5′‐monophosphate disodium salt, umami substances. The present study is the first morphological demonstration of isolated chicken taste buds, and our results indicate that the isolated taste buds were intact and functional approaches for examining the taste senses of the chicken using Ca²⁺ imaging can be informative.     

Homeostasis of intracellular Ca2+ in equine chondrocytes: response to hypotonic shock

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Ca2+ homeostasis in articular chondrocytes affects synthesis and degradation of the cartilage matrix, as well as other cellular functions, thereby contributing to joint integrity. Although it will be affected by mechanical loading, the sensitivity of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in equine articular chondrocytes to many stimuli remains unknown. HYPOTHESIS: An improved understanding of Ca2+ homeostasis in equine articular chondrocytes, and how it is altered during joint loading and pathology, will be important in understanding how joints respond to mechanical loads. METHODS: [Ca2+]i was determined using the fluorophore fura-2. We examined the effects of hypotonic shock, a perturbation experienced in vivo during mechanical loading cycles. We used inhibitors of Ca2+ transporters to ascertain the important factors in Ca2+ homeostasis. RESULTS: Under isotonic conditions, [Ca2+]i was 148 +/- 23 nmol/l, increasing by 216 +/- 66 nmol/l in response to reduction in extracellular osmolality of 50%. Resting [Ca2+]i, and the increase following hypotonic shock, were decreased by Ca2+ removal; they were both elevated when extracellular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]o) was raised or following Na+ removal. The hypotonicity-induced rise in [Ca2+]i was inhibited by exposure of cells to gadolinium (Gd3+; 10 micromol/l), an inhibitor of mechanosensitive channels. [Ca2+]i was also elevated following treatment of cells with thapsigargin (10 micromol/l), an inhibitor of the Ca2+ pump of intracellular stores. CONCLUSIONS: A model is presented which interprets these findings in relation to Ca2+ homeostasis in equine articular chondrocytes, including the presence of mechanosensitive channels allowing Ca2+ entry, a Na+/Ca2+ exchanger for removal of intracellular Ca2+ and intracellular stores sensitive to thapsigargin. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: A more complete understanding of Ca2+ homeostasis in equine chondrocytes may allow development of future therapeutic regimes to ameliorate joint disease.     

不同浓度Ca2+Mg2+在培植牛黄形成过程中的作用

1 材料与方法 1．1 实验动物 仪器、胆汁获得与处理等均同前文（见本刊2006年7期）。 1．2 Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋对体外牛黄及胆汁主要成分的影响向2000ml胆汁中加入20ml E．coil营养肉汤培养液，在开始滴流运动试验前先将以上混合液在磁力搅拌器的作用下搅拌2h，以使它们充分混匀，然后在反应温度为55℃、转速为60r／min；滴速40滴／min将2000ml胆汁依次滴流到放在恒温水浴锅中的5个容积都为350ml的抽滤瓶中，经20h后，测定胆汁物理性状及Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋的动态变化。     

Ca2+对CdTe量子点复合丝素蛋白凝胶的影响

本实验利用LiBr法溶解丝素并制备其蛋白凝胶,基于CdTe量子点(quantum dots,QDs)本身固有的优良光学性能,通过荧光分光光度计分别测定不加Ca2+时和加入不同浓度的Ca2+时,CdTe量子点与丝素蛋白凝胶复合过程中荧光强度的变化,该实验结果证明CdTe量子点与丝素蛋白凝胶的复合需要Ca2+的介导,并且在一定范围内二者结合强度与Ca2+的加入量呈正相关性.     

Digoxin- and monensin-induced changes of intracellular Ca2+ concentration in isolated guinea-pig ventricular myocyte

This study was undertaken to determine the possible mechanisms of actions of monensin and digoxin by using isolated guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. Since Ca2+ is the major signal for triggering contraction of cardiac muscle, the objective of this study was to determine whether monensin and digoxin affect the [Ca2+]i of cardiac myocytes and if so is this effect due to an increase in [Na+]i. Three different concentrations of digoxin (0.3, 1 and 3 micromol/l) and three different concentrations of monensin (0.3, 1 and 3 micromol/l) were used. Each treatment was monitored for two hours by using computerized fluoroscopy. Both digoxin and monensin increased the [Ca2+]i and accelerated the onset time of [Ca2+]i increase in a dose-dependent manner. Normal myocytes (loaded with fura-2 for 30 min before the treatment) were also compared with 'weakened' myocytes (loaded with fura-2 for 3 h before the treatment to create a 'weakened' condition). It was found that although 0.3 micromol/l monensin and digoxin did not change the [Ca2+]i in normal myocytes, they increased the [Ca2 +]i in 'weakened' myocytes. Finally, a Na+-free medium was used to demonstrate the effect of [Na+]o on both monensin- and digoxin-induced increases in [Ca2+]i. It was found that digoxin did not increase the [Ca2+]i in the Na+-free medium. Although monensin increased the [Ca2+]i in the Na+-free solution, this increase was not as large as in the Na+-containing medium. The results of the study led to the conclusion that the positive inotropic effect of digoxin depends on [Na+]o. However, monensin increases [Ca2+]i in Na+-dependent and -independent ways. An addition conclusion was that 'weakened' myocytes are more sensitive to the monensin and digoxin treatment than normal myocytes.