娟姗牛与荷斯坦青年母牛超排效果比较

本试验对56头娟姗牛与179头荷斯坦青年母牛进行超排处理,分别获得可用胚胎227枚和1242枚;可用胚率分别为57.80%和70.65%,娟姗牛和荷斯坦牛超排黄体数无明显差异(P>0.05),但采胚数明显低于荷斯坦牛,娟姗牛的超排结果明显低于荷斯坦牛的结果(P<0.05),移植受体牛270头,怀孕157头。移植妊娠率分别达到52.54%和50.20%,同期娟姗牛胚胎与荷斯坦牛胚胎移植结果比较,无显著差异(P>0.05)。娟姗牛超排使用FSH剂量为9mg更为经济。青年荷斯坦牛和娟姗牛可用于胚胎生产,但青年娟姗牛的可用胚胎数低于荷斯坦牛。     

和牛母牛超数排卵及胚胎移植试验研究效果初报

[目的]研究和牛母牛超数排卵及胚胎移植效果。[方法]利用纯种和牛母牛作为供体,荷斯坦母牛及西杂母牛作为受体,通过供体牛的超数排卵、人工授精、采胚、胚胎冷冻及受体牛的同期发情和鲜胚移植,快速获得纯种和牛及和牛胚胎。[结果]对4头青年纯种和牛母牛进行超排,重复冲卵13头次,共采卵数122枚,其中75枚可用胚胎,可用胚率为61.5%,平均5.76枚/头次。对75头荷斯坦牛及西杂母牛同期发情,结果获得89.2%的同期发情率。67头受体牛移植了鲜胚,2个月后妊娠检查有35头怀孕,移植妊娠率为52.23%。[结论]可以利用超数排卵及胚胎移植增加和牛母牛利用效率。     

奶牛超数排卵及胚胎移植的试验研究

本试验采用FSH＋PG的方法对22头供体荷斯坦牛分两批进行了超数排卵处理,140头受体南阳黄牛和供体牛采用2次PG法分批进行了同期发情处理。结果如下：（1）共有20头供体牛、104头受体牛在第二次注射PG后96h内发情,同期发情率分别为90.90%和74.29%;（2）20头供体牛回收胚胎176枚,可用胚胎140枚/头,平均回收胚胎8.8枚/头,平均可用胚胎7.0枚/头,可用胚胎比率79.55%;（3）104头南阳黄牛受体均移植单胚,51头妊娠,妊娠率为49.04%。     

红安格斯牛超数排卵和胚胎移植受体同期发情处理

选择100头红安格斯母牛使用2种超数排卵处理方案,有效超排供体母牛77头。对受体牛采用3种方案进行同期发情处理。结果表明:育成母牛和经产母牛平均回收胚胎数分别为8.45、9.23枚(P>0.05),平均回收可用胚胎数分别为6.33、7.02枚(P>0.05);2种超排方案均取得较好的效果,超排方案1和方案2分别回收胚胎数为10.10、7.63枚,回收可用胚胎数为6.62、6.51枚。受体同期发情处理一次PG法、二次PG法及CIDR+PG法,同期发情率分别为71.19%、74.44%和77.63%(P>0.05),发情受体利用率分别为66.67%、64.93%及69.49%(P>0.05),胚胎移植妊娠率分别为50.00%、55.17%和56.10%(P>0.05),与自然发情受体利用率及胚胎移植妊娠率无显著性差异。     

娟姗牛与荷斯坦牛超排效果比较

本试验对56头青年娟姗牛和179头荷斯坦青年牛进行超排处理,平均获得可用胚胎数4.05±4.20枚/头次和7.06±3.72枚/头次;可用胚率分别为57.80%和70.65%,娟姗牛和荷斯坦牛超排黄体数无明显差异(P>0.05),但采胚数娟姗牛明显低于荷斯坦牛。共移植受体牛310头,怀孕157头(50.65%)。娟姗牛胚胎与荷斯坦牛胚胎的移植妊娠率分别为52.54%(31/59)和50.20%(126/251),无明显差异(P>0.05)。结果表明,青年荷斯坦牛和青年娟姗牛可用于胚胎生产,但娟姗牛的可用胚胎数低于荷斯坦牛。     

应用国产激素进行奶牛超数排卵及同期发情处理的试验研究

用不同批号的FSH、PGF_(2a)共超排奶牛109头,超排有效率87.16%,采卵成功率90.35%,平均获卵数为7.55±6.62枚,平均获可用胚胎数5.67±5.22枚,不同批号间的平均获卵数,平均可用胚胎数差异均不显著(P>0.05)。供体超排后发情时间为36.30±9.92小时,受体同期发情处理后发情时间为63.24±16.09小时。奶牛移植受胎率为66.66%(6/9),黄牛移植受胎率为42.59%(23/54)。     

荷斯坦牛生产体内性控胚胎的试验研究

本研究采用荷斯坦牛X-性控冻精和超数排卵技术生产奶牛体内性控胚胎。结果显示,使用阴道栓(Cue-Mate)对31头供体奶牛进行同期发情处理,发情率为100%,且发情时间较集中。31头供体奶牛共回收胚胎321枚,头均回收胚胎10.35枚,其中可用胚胎225枚,头均可用胚胎7.26枚。选择36头黄牛受体进行单胚移植,其中21头移植鲜胚,妊娠10头,妊娠率47.62%;15头移植冻胚,妊娠6头,妊娠率40.00%。     

牛胚胎移植技术研究

试验用FSH、PGF20等激素及非手术采卵或移植方法,对湖南省良种牛场安格斯及西门塔尔母牛共计12头进行超排处理,结果超排有效率为83.3%(10/12);头均获可用胚胎数5.2枚(52/75)。分别对常德肉牛场和江永县肉牛场共计98头受体牛进行同期发情处理,同期发情率达77.5%,冻胚移植受体牛18头,共妊娠5头,流产2头,妊娠率为29.2%。     

波尔山羊胚胎移植技术研究

FSH－PG法超排供体波尔山羊14只，于发情第7日手术法子宫采卵。有超排反应14只，超排反应率100％，采卵成功13只，采卵成功率98.86%。获卵总数121枚，只均获卵9.31枚。可用胚119，胚胎可用率98.35%，只均可用胚9.15枚。以氯前列烯醇处理受体白山羊210只，72h内同期发性率97.11%。手术法子宫内鲜胚移植受体母羊116只，两情期移植成功率54.31％。产羔61只，产羔率96.82%。羔羊出生重平均4.26kg.     

奶水牛超数排卵与胚胎移植试验效果分析

采用杂交奶水牛及纯种奶水牛作为供体牛,将日本生产的FSH作为外源激素进行超数排卵,以确定胚胎移植供体牛超排的效果;采用CIDR+PMSG+PG+LHRH-A3法,确定受体牛胚胎移植和同期发情的效果。试验结果表明:5头奶水牛供体牛超排,共采卵7头次,采卵数21枚,其中10枚可用胚胎,平均1.4枚/头次,可用胚率为47.6%。受体牛的同期发情效果和可移植率分别为77.0%和62.0%。     

季节对杜泊羊体内胚胎生产与移植效果的影响

为了研究季节对杜泊羊体内胚胎生产效率及胚胎移植妊娠率的影响,于2016年选取内蒙古赛诺草原羊业有限公司种羊场经产纯种杜泊母羊作为供体,采用同期发情、超数排卵及腹腔镜人工输精等方法对供体羊进行处理后,利用手术冲胚的方法获得纯种杜泊羊胚胎,同时对受体羊进行同期发情处理和胚胎移植。经统计分析,2016年全年该公司共有放栓供体4 241只,超排处理4 180只,配种供体4 131只,冲胚供体3 987只,供体可用率为94.01%;冲出胚胎总数为23 516枚,可用胚胎18 002枚,胚胎可利用率为76.55%,平均每只供体能获得可用胚胎4.52枚。供体在10月、11月、12月冲胚所获得的平均冲胚数和平均可用胚数明显高于4月、5月、6月(P<0.05),其中10月的平均冲胚数和平均可用胚数最高(P<0.01),分别为7.04枚和5.62枚。将获得的部分胚胎用于胚胎移植,移植单胚怀孕受体数为4 446只,妊娠率为53.67%;移植双胚怀孕受体数805只,妊娠率65.02%。此外,受体在1月、3月、6月、12月受胎率较其他月份高(P<0.05)。该研究可为杜泊种羊超数排卵、胚胎移植和肉羊的产业化生产提供一定的数据参考。     

胚胎分割技术在肉牛繁育中的研究与应用

本试验采用弗莱维赫肉牛和日本和牛作为供体,本地黄牛为受体,进行同期发情和超数排卵,共得到可用胚胎234枚,分为4个处理:新鲜全胚113枚、新鲜双半胚55枚、冷冻全胚56枚和冷冻双半胚10枚,进行移植。结果表明,新鲜双半胚的妊娠率为65.45%,略高于新鲜全胚移植的妊娠率(63.72%),差异不显著(P＞0.05)。冷冻双半胚产犊率为20.00%,低于冷冻全胚移植的妊娠率(39.29%),差异不显著(P＞0.05),而冷冻组的妊娠率均显著低于新鲜组(P＜0.05)。新鲜双半胚的产犊率为95.56%,双犊率为35.55%,犊牛存活率为72.09%。新鲜全胚组的产犊率为63.16%,显著低于新鲜双半胚组(P＜0.05),但犊牛存活率却显著高于新鲜半胚组(90.00%和72.09%)(P＜0.05)。此外,全胚与双半胚移植后产生的犊牛初生重之间并无显著差异(P＞0.05)。     

利用杂交牛进行胚胎移植及其效益分析

2004年12月到2005年3月,在广西贺州西牛牧业公司牛场选择10头次西门塔尔牛做超数排卵处理,超排成功率90%(9/10),共获得胚胎(包括未受精卵)102枚,可用胚胎64枚;可用胚胎平均7.1枚/头。利用从山东购进的杂交牛240头作受体进行西门塔尔牛和荷斯坦牛的胚胎移植,结果西门塔尔牛鲜胚移植受胎率平均55%,冻胚移植受胎率平均45.8%;荷斯坦牛冷冻胚胎移植受胎率为41.5%。目前已经产犊134头,其中母犊68头,公犊66头。对其经济效益进行分析,效益较佳。     

Japanese Society for Animal Reproduction: award for outstanding research 2002. The development and prevalence of the transfer technique for frozen-thawed embryos of Japanese black beef cattle in Tochigi Prefecture

The conditions of embryo transfer by the stepwise method, in which frozen-thawed embryos are transferred on day 7 (day 0=onset of estrus), were investigated with the aim of increasing pregnancy rates in frozen-thawed embryo transfer. The use of a vaginal speculum to prevent bacterial infection when passing an embryo transfer gun through the vagina yielded a pregnancy rate equal to or higher than that with application of a sheath cover to the transfer gun. Administration of a sedative, xylazine, to recipient cattle for preventing movement at the time of embryo transfer improved the pregnancy rate. The influence of the time from thawing of frozen embryos to transfer and of the transportation of the recipient by truck upon pregnancy rate was investigated. Embryo transfer within 60 minutes after aspiration into a straw or transportation of the bovine recipient, 1.5 hours each way before and after transfer, had no influence on pregnancy rate. Relations of the embryonic developmental stage and morphological quality after thawing of frozen embryos to pregnancy rate were investigated in recipients of nulliparous Holstein heifers. The pregnancy rate increased as the embryonic developmental stage advanced from compacted morula, early blastocyst, and blastocyst in that order. The pregnancy rate obtained with blastocyst stage embryos was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that with compacted morula stage embryos, and there was no significant difference in pregnancy rates between excellent morphological quality and good morphological quality for compacted morula stage embryos. When correlation of luteal function and pregnancy rate was investigated in bovine recipients, pregnancy rate showed a tendency to increase with increasing blood progesterone (P) concentration on the day before (on day 6 after estrus) and the day of embryo transfer. The pregnancy rate in bovine recipients, which showed a blood P concentration of > or =2.5 ng/ml on the day before embryo transfer, was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that in those with a blood P concentration of <2.5 ng/ml. Pregnancy rate showed a tendency to increase with decreasing blood estradiol-17beta (E2) concentration on the day of embryo transfer. Activation of luteal function by administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in cycling cattle was investigated for its effect on increasing pregnancy rate in bovine recipients. A follicle coexisting with cyclic CL ovulated and induced CL formed after injection of hCG 1,500 IU 5 days after ovulation. The blood P concentration was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the administration group than in the control group, and the blood E2 concentration rapidly decreased, showing a lower concentration than in the control group. These results suggest the possibility that the pregnancy rate could be improved by administration of hCG. Pregnancy rate following intramuscular injection hCG 1,500 IU was comparatively investigated in parous Japanese Black beef cattle receiving frozen-thawed embryos 7 days after estrus. Pregnancy rate was 67.5% in the group in which hCG was administered on day 6 after estrus, and was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that in the control group (45.0%) and the group in which hCG was administered on day 1 after estrus (42.5%), revealing that hCG administration facilitated pregnancy. Transfer of frozen-thawed embryos in the blastocyst stage within 60 minutes after the aspiration into a straw, with a vaginal speculum after administration of xylazine is suggested as a way of improving pregnancy rate in bovine recipients with favorable luteal function and in those with luteal function activated by administration of hCG on the day before embryo transfer.     

德系乳肉兼用型西门塔尔牛胚胎移植效果研究

[目的]建立德系乳肉兼用型西门塔尔牛群体,探索文山牛快速扩繁和生产性能提升技术。[方法]在马关县从600头文山黄牛、西本杂、安本杂和短本杂牛母牛中选择270头,用CIDR+PG法进行同期发情处理,选择黄体合格的受体,采用非手术法移植德系乳肉兼用型西门塔尔牛胚胎,在移植后60~90 d通过直肠检查法进行妊娠诊断,确定妊娠率,跟踪调查产犊情况,并测定胚胎移植所产犊牛的初生体重和主要体尺指标。[结果]受体牛同期发情处理270头,胚胎移植87头,妊娠28头,移植妊娠率32.18%;妊娠母牛中产犊17头,产犊率60.71%,产犊19头,成活16头,产犊成活率84.21%。公母犊牛平均的初生重33.00 kg,体高69.50 cm,体斜长62.19 cm,胸围72.69 cm,管围13.50 cm。[结论]首次在文山州开展了牛胚胎移植获得成功,杂交牛受体的移植妊娠率极显著或显著高于文山牛受体,秋季移植的妊娠率极显著高于春季和冬季的。提示以杂交牛为受体在秋季进行胚胎移植可有效提高移植成功率。     

皮埃蒙特牛胚胎移植试验报告

选择健康、繁殖和营养状况良好的眼埃蒙特供体母牛和同样条件的南阳受体黄牛,通过同期发情、超数排卵、胚胎移植待技术处理,观测皮埃蒙特牛在发展南阳肉牛方面的实际应用效果。试验结果：冷冻胚胎移植黄牛妊娠泫为３２．５％;超排处理皮埃蒙特肉牛３头获胚２０枚,可用胚１０枚,全部用于鲜胚移植,妊娠率为６０％,同期发情处理受体黄牛４１头,发情率为８０．４９％,７２小时发情率为８７．８８％。     

高寒牧区陶赛特绵羊鲜胚移植试验

选取兰州信合牧业34只陶赛特绵羊为供体,采用递减法注射FSH进行超排,采用人工授精配种,30只长途运输到青海省海北州西海镇手术法回收胚胎,鉴定后移植。155只藏系绵羊作为受体,采用两次PG注射进行同期发情,119只受体在西海镇移植,32只长途运输到甘肃兰州信合牧业进行移植。结果表明:34只供体获得胚胎共168枚,、每只供体平均获得4.94枚,合格率89.88%,151只受体表现发情,发情率为97.42%。其中,在西海镇移植的119只产羔73只,产羔率为61.34%,在兰州移植的32只产羔21只,产羔率为65.6%。     

La récolte et le transfert d'embryons chez la chèvre Angora

The objective of this study was to analyze the efficiency of embryo collection and transfer in Angora goats during the breeding season. Synchronization was obtained by placing an intravaginal sponge for either a short period of time (11 days + PGF_2α) or a long period (17 to 21 days). Thirty-three goats were superovulated, embryo collection was not attempted on seven goats (four did not respond to the superovulation treatment, three did not show estrus), and four gave oocytes only. The embryos of one goat are still frozen. The remaining 21 goats produced 285 embryos of which 187 (66%) were transferred (fresh or thawed) to 66 recipients; 36 (55%) recipients remained pregnant and gave birth to 63 kids (34% of the transferred embryos). The superovulation and transfer techniques used in this study provided a large number of transferable embryos. However, the percentage of embryos that reach term could be improved by more strict selection of the recipients and of the embryos to be transferred, and by improving the embryo freezing technique.     

Commercial surgical embryo transfer in cattle

Extract

Sir, — Surgical embryo recovery and transfer techniques have been used commercially in cattle, by the authors, for 5 years. This letter describes the results achieved in the 1977–78 season at Wairaki Station in Southland. The work was done in two 6-week periods during November-December 1977 and March-April 1978. The results demonstrate succesful superovulation and embryo collection with repeat donor treatments and operations. The embryo collection rates and pregnancy rates are superior to those achieved by non-surgical methods.