不同林分改造模式对土壤酶活性及微生物数量的影响

以广东省佛山市南海区的4种宫胁法改造林地、传统法改造林地和不进行林分改造的对照样地为研究对象,对不同样地的土壤酶活性和土壤微生物数量进行研究,以探讨不同林分改造类型的土壤生物学特性。结果显示:不同林分改造类型的林地土壤酶活性差异显著,其中宫胁法2和传统法林地土壤酶活性显著高于其它改造类型,宫胁法2改造林地土壤脲酶、磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性均居最高水平,宫胁法3和宫胁法4最低;不同的林分改造措施土壤微生物各生理类群的数量差异显著,但均表现为细菌数量最多,放线菌次之,真菌最少;各改造类型中,宫胁法2在土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌数量和微生物总量中均表现最高,宫胁法1在细菌、真菌和微生物总量均表现最低,说明宫胁法2在增加土壤微生物数量上表现最为显著。因此,宫胁法2最有利于改善土壤生物学特性,从而能创造植被恢复过程中良好的微生态环境。     

覆盖对毛竹林土壤养分、酶活性及微生物群落的影响

【目的】为退化毛竹林土壤的修复和质量提升提供参考。【方法】以覆盖1 a、覆盖2 a、覆盖3 a、覆盖后恢复2 a、覆盖后恢复5 a及未覆盖的毛竹林地土壤为研究对象，测定土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶及过氧化氢酶等土壤酶活性指标，测定土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全磷、速效磷、全钾及速效钾等土壤养分含量及土壤pH值，采用高通量测序技术测定土壤微生物群落组成及多样性，探讨土壤细菌、真菌变化特征及其与土壤养分含量、酶活性的相关性。【结果】覆盖3 a的毛竹林土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶活性均低于其他林地类型，覆盖后恢复5 a的0～20 cm土层酶活性均较高。样地土壤细菌类群中酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门、变形菌门、放线菌门为优势菌群，真菌类群中子囊菌门、担子菌门、球囊菌门所占比例较高。覆盖后恢复5 a的40～60 cm土层细菌和真菌的OUT数量较少，Chao1、Simpson及PD-whole tree指数均较小，表明覆盖后林地深层土壤微生物的数量及多样性均受到影响，土壤退化程度较高且恢复缓慢。土壤环境因子对毛竹林土壤细菌门水平的贡献度由高到低排序依次为酸性磷酸酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、脲酶活性、碱解氮含量、有机质含量、全氮含...     

间伐和修枝对杉木人工林土壤微生物量碳和酶活性的影响

土壤微生物量碳和土壤酶活性都是反映土壤养分和土壤生态环境质量的重要指标之一,但间伐、修枝和去除林下植被等经营措施对其影响如何还不太清楚。以湖南省会同县杉木人工林研为究对象,探讨了不同森林经营措施对土壤微生物量碳和酶活性的影响。结果表明,与对照样地相比,间伐、修枝和去除林下植被均显著减小了土壤微生物量碳含量和酶活性,分别为对照样地的79.96%、76.69%和70.70%;土壤微生物量碳和酶活性之间存在极显著的正相关关系。     

华北刺槐林与自然恢复植被土壤微生物量碳、氮含量四季动态

【目的】土壤微生物量碳、氮是植被所需碳、氮的重要“源”或“库”,是公认的综合评价土壤质量或肥力的重要指标,也是土壤生态系统变化的预警及敏感指标,研究其动态变化,可为退耕还林及后期管理决策提供科学依据,并为深入研究林地碳氮循环及温室气体排放提供参考。【方法】以农田( FL)为对照,研究华北土石山区10年生刺槐林、43年生刺槐林、自然恢复植被( NRV)土壤微生物量碳、氮的四季动态变化,并对各样地微生物量碳、氮对土壤营养库的贡献率进行对比研究。【结果】各样地微生物量碳、氮随土层加深而逐渐下降,其季节动态变化差异显著;农田、自然恢复植被、10和43年生刺槐林地0～20 cm 土层微生物量碳、氮含量四季均值分别为251.94,290.68,150.66,197.34 mg·kg －1和30.95,46.46,36.55,45.27 mg·kg －1。其中：自然恢复植被的微生物量碳、氮含量四季均值最高,其微生物量碳含量分别是农田、10和43年生刺槐林的1.15,1.93和1.47倍,微生物量氮含量分别是它们的1.50,1.27和1.03倍;土壤微生物量碳、氮含量随刺槐树龄增大而升高,43年生刺槐林0～20 cm 土层的微生物量碳、氮含量是10年生刺槐林的1.31和1.24倍。各植被样地不同层次土壤微生物量碳氮比季节差异明显,农田、自然恢复植被、10年和43年生刺槐林 0～20 cm 土层碳氮比四季均值分别为8.64,6.26,4.12 和4.36;10,43年生刺槐林碳氮比分别是农田的0.48和0.50倍,是自然恢复植被的0.66和0.70倍。在 0～20 cm 土层中,农田、自然恢复植被、10和43年生刺槐林地微生物量碳对土壤有机碳平均贡献率分别为1.88%,2.00%,1.54%和1.24%,土壤微生物量氮对土壤全氮的平均贡献率分别为1.21%,5.44%,3.55%和2.26%。【结论】各样地土壤微生物量碳、氮之间显著相关,它们与土壤全氮、有机质和速效钾含量均显著相关;除此之外,土壤微生物量碳还与土壤硝态氮含量显著相关。随着树龄的增加刺槐林土壤微生物量尤其是微生物量氮含量显著提高,因而土壤的生物肥力也显著提高;由土壤微生物量碳、氮含量及其对土壤营养库的贡献率可知,自然恢复植被更利于土壤微生物结构、功能的恢复和生物活性的改善。     

生物结皮层土壤微生物含量的变化

在库布齐沙漠研究了不同类型生物结皮层土壤微生物含量的变化.结果表明藻类或苔藓类生物结皮层微生物含量均显著高于流动沙土,同时生物结皮层微生物含量也高于下层土壤的微生物含量,说明沙漠地区生物结皮不仅是土壤养分活动的中心,也是土壤微生物富集的中心.并且,沙丘不同部位、人工或天然植被类型的不同等对藻类或藻类-苔藓类生物结皮层或2～10 cm土层三大微生物含量具有不同程度的影响.     

不同抚育措施对油茶林土壤养分 微生物及酶活性的影响

对常宁地区不同抚育措施油茶林的土壤养分、微生物及酶活性进行了测定和分析。结果表明:各林分间土壤养分、微生物数量和酶活性存在较大差异。同一林分土壤养分、微生物数量和酶活性随取样深度的增加逐渐降低。锄抚林地在土壤养分、微生物总数和酶活性方面明显高于未抚育和刀抚林分。相关分析表明,这3种林分的土壤养分(有机质、全氮、碱解氮和速效磷)与微生物数量及酶活性之间存在相关关系;细菌数量和脲酶活性与土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮和速效磷等主要养分指标呈显著或极显著正相关;过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性与土壤养分指标间相关性不强。     

云冷杉红松混交林不同演替阶段土壤微生物生物量碳与土壤蔗糖酶活性分析

通过对云冷杉红松混交林不同演替阶段(形成阶段、发展阶段、稳定阶段和顶级群落)不同土壤层次土壤微生物量碳(MBC)含量和土壤蔗糖酶活性及各个阶段土壤总有机碳、全氮、速效钾和有效磷的研究,采用对比分析方法分析了土壤微生物量碳和土壤蔗糖酶活性与土壤总有机碳、全氮、速效钾和有效磷之间的相关关系,结果显示,土壤微生物量碳和土壤蔗糖酶活性与土壤总有机碳、全氮、速效钾和有效磷之间均呈显著正相关。     

长期排水造林对云贵高原亚热带泥炭藓沼泽土壤理化性质的影响

探究排水造林对亚热带泥炭藓沼泽土壤理化性质的影响，为科学保护与恢复该类型湿地提供理论基础。选择贵州娘娘山湿地天然泥炭藓沼泽为对照样地，选择经立地条件相似的泥炭藓沼泽排水造林20年形成的柳杉林为处理样地，比较二者表层(0～10cm)土壤理化性质的差异。主要结果：1)泥炭藓沼泽土壤总碳含量、总氮含量、pH、碳与磷质量比(C∶P)、氮与磷质量比(N∶P)、速效钾含量、硝态氮含量、铵态氮含量、土壤质量含水量显著高于柳杉林土壤相应的指标值(P<0.05);泥炭藓沼泽土壤容重显著低于柳杉林土壤容重；2)主成分分析显示，长期营造柳杉林后土壤理化性质总体已发生明显分异；3)土壤总碳含量与总氮含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),且二者与C∶P,N∶P,速效钾含量、硝态氮含量、质量含水量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与土壤容重呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),C∶P,N∶P,铵态氮含量、硝态氮含量、速效钾含量两两之间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)或显著正相关(P<0.05);土壤质量含水量与容重呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。总之，泥炭藓沼泽长期营造柳杉林后，表层...     

清澜港红树林湿地土壤酶活性与理化性质的关系

[目的]从土壤酶活性的角度分析清澜港红树林不同群落类型湿地土壤质量状况,为海南省红树林湿地土壤碳汇监测与生态修复提供数据支撑.[方法]对5种红树植物群落类型的土壤酶活性、土壤微生物生物量碳氮含量和理化性质进行分析.[结果](1)不同群落类型表层土壤微生物量碳氮含量和微生物熵碳皆是榄李群落最低,且显著低于个别群落;土壤微...     

采煤沉陷区不同类型植被恢复对土壤结皮的影响

土壤结皮包括物理结皮和生物结皮两种类型.一般情况下,物理结皮指的是外力作用使土壤孔隙堵塞而成型的一层土表硬壳;生物结皮是指低等生物与土壤颗粒作用发育形成的复合生物土壤层.在荒漠化地区,地表出现生物结皮是固定沙丘形成的重要标志.已有研究表明：土壤结皮能够固定流沙,促进土壤发育和沙区植被恢复,对改良土壤有非常重要的意义.国内外许多专家学者针对生物结皮展开了大量研究,内容主要涉及结皮的微生物特征、结皮理化性质定量分析、生物结皮的水文生态功能、生物结皮对土壤侵蚀的影响等.     

Canonical correlation analysis of soil nutrients, microorganisms and enzyme activities in vegetation restoration areas of degraded and eroded soils in northwestern Hunan Province, China

With the aid of canonical correlation analysis, the relations among soil nutrients, soil microorganisms, and soil enzyme activities were studied in vegetation restoration areas of degraded and eroded soils in the Nverzhai watershed in northwestern Hunan. The main results were as follows: the key factors in soil nutrients, microorganisms, and enzyme activities were N and P elements, number of bacteria, carbon and nitrogen in soil microbial biomass and the activities of urease, polyphenol oxidase, phosphatase, and invertase. The activities of urease and polyphenol oxidase are related to the inversion of N and P elements that had important impact on the accumulation of carbon and nitrogen in soil microbial biomass. Moreover, the activities of urease, polyphenol oxidase, and phosphatase could promote carbon accumulation in microbial biomass; however, invertase activities inhibited the accumulation of microbial biomass nitrogen. On the other hand, urease activities were beneficial to the N element content in soils but unfavorable for P elements. There is a negative relation between polyphenol oxidase activity and N element content. For every canonical variable group, the tendencies of soil nutrients, microorganisms, and enzyme activities to accumulate in different soil layers in different vegetation restoration communities could offer some scientific basis for the diagnosis of the health of the soil and the site type division in the process of vegetation restoration.     

The effects of vegetation restoration strategies and seasons on soil enzyme activities in the Karst landscapes of Yunnan,southwest China

Soil enzymes play a vital role in biogeochemical cycling and ecosystem functions. In this study, we examined the response of six soil enzymes to changes in physicochemical properties resulting from changes in season and vegetation and geological conditions. Catalase,urease, acid phosphatase, invertase, amylase, and cellulase not only promote carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling, but also participate in the decomposition of harmful substances. Thirty-six soil samples were collected from karst and non-karst areas in two different seasons and from three different types of vegetation in Yunnanprovince, southwest China. Both vegetation types and season had significant effects on soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities. In the same plot, soil water content, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus increased in the rainy season, indicating enhanced microbial metabolic activity.With the exception of urease activity, the remaining five enzymes showed higher activity in the rainy season.Changes in activities between the two seasons were significant in all samples. In the same season, activity levels of soil enzymes were higher in karst areas than in non-karst areas, and higher in natural forest than in artificial forests.The transformative abilities of soil elements are higher in karst areas than in non-karst areas, and higher in natural forests than in artificial forests. Correlation analysis showed that the activities of the six enzymes correlated significantly; however, soil physical and chemical indices,such as organic matter, p H, and moisture, which are essential for enzyme activity, differed by season. Redundancy analysis also revealed that the main factors influencing enzyme activity differed between the two seasons.The results from this study provide a theoretical basis for further research on the restoration of natural ecological systems in karst landscapes.     

覆盖鼠茅草条件下油茶林土壤理化性质与土壤酶活性

对鼠茅草覆盖条件下的油茶林地土壤理化性质及土壤酶活性等指标进行测定与分析.结果表明,覆盖鼠茅草的油茶林地土壤电导率、pH值、土壤含水率与无覆草林地(对照)间均存在显著差异,且其土壤全碳(TC)、全氮(TN)和钠元素含量及碳氮比均高于对照,土壤脲酶活性和酸性磷酸酶活性也均显著高于无覆草的油茶林地,说明覆盖鼠茅草不仅能提高...     

森林土壤化学性质与土壤酶活性典型相关分析

通过对岷江上游连香树、马尾松、桦树、云杉4类森林土壤土壤酶活性和土壤化学性质的研究,运用典范相关分析,证实过氧化氢酶与土壤有机碳的转化关系密切,土壤脲酶与土壤全N关系密切.     

森林土壤化学性质与土壤酶活性典型相关分析

通过对岷江上游四种(连香树、马尾松、桦树、云杉)森林土壤酶活性和土壤化学性质的研究,运用典范相关分析了土壤酶活性和土壤化学性质这两组典型变量之间的关系,结果表明:过氧化氢酶与土壤有机碳的转化关系密切,土壤脲酶与土壤全N关系密切,为维护地力提高森林生产力提供有关土壤生物化学活性方面的科学依据。     

广西杉木连栽幼林根际与非根际土壤特性研究

采用配对样地法对广西连栽杉木幼林不同栽植代数(一代林G1、二代林G2)的根际土和非根际土进行了土壤特性的分析研究,为连栽杉木人工林经营与可持续发展提供理论依据。结果表明:土壤pH值、有机质、全N、全P、水解性N、有效P、速效K、交换性Ca~(2+)、有效Fe、有效Mn含量均表现为G2G1,根际土(R)非根际土(S),而土壤全K含量则反之。杉木连栽对林地土壤养分状况、酶活性和微生物具有一定影响。土壤酶活性表现为G2G1,根际土(R)非根际土(S)。无论是在根际土还是非根际土,土壤微生物优势种均为细菌,微生物总数、细菌、放线菌、真菌数量表现为G1G2;栽植代数增加,细菌所占微生物总数比例下降,而放线菌所占比例则有明显增加趋势。     

林地覆盖对雷竹土壤微生物及酶活性的影响

以崇阳雷竹林分为研究对象,通过设置标准地,调查研究了林地覆盖对雷竹土壤微生物及土壤酶活性的影响,结果表明:土壤微生物数量具有明显的季节性变化特征,各类微生物数量变化的趋势一致,冬季数量最低,夏季最高。季节性林地覆盖对土壤固氮菌数量的影响不显著,对土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌、固氮菌及氨化菌数量的影响均极显著。林地覆盖对雷竹林地土壤蔗糖酶活性影响极显著,在林地未覆盖条件下土壤蔗糖酶水解作用更强,林地覆盖抑制了蔗糖酶的水解作用。林地覆盖对土壤脲酶活性影响极显著,林地覆盖能显著地提高脲酶活性。林地覆盖对土壤蛋白酶的影响极显著,林地覆盖提升蛋白酶活性,使土壤有效氮含量增大。林地覆盖在一定程度上提高了土壤肥力。     

高低产毛竹林地土壤酶活性比较分析

高产竹林地土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蛋白酶和蔗糖酶的活性都高于低产竹林地;磷酸酶活性两种地类间无明显不同。低产竹林地各类酶活性与土壤有机质、全氮、水解氮及有效磷含量均有显著或极显著相关性;高产竹林地土壤有效磷含量与所有酶活性都无相关性,磷酸酶活性和土壤有机质、全氮、水解氮及有效磷含量相关性也不显著。     

Nitrogen application and intercropping change microbial community diversity and physicochemical characteristics in mulberry and alfalfa rhizosphere soil

Intercropping of mulberry(Morus alba L.)and alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.) is a new forestry-grass compound model in China,which can provide high forage yields with high protein.Nitrogen application is one of the important factors determining the production and quality of this system.To elucidate the advantages of intercropping and nitrogen application,we analyzed the changes of physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil.We used principal components analysis(PCA) and redundancy discriminators analysis to clarify the relationships among treatments and between treatments and environmental factors,respectively.The results showed that nitrogen application significantly increased pH value,available nitrogen content,soil water content(SWC),and urea(URE) activity in rhizosphere soil of monoculture mulberry.In contrast,intercropping and intercropping+N significantly decreased pH and SWC in mulberry treatments.Nitrogen,intercropping and intercropping+N sharply reduced soil organic matter content and SWC in alfalfa treatments.Nitrogen,intercropping,and intercropping+N increased the values of McIntosh diversity(U),Simpson diversity(D),and Shannon-Weaver diversity(H') in mulberry treatments.However,PC A scatter plots showed clustering of monoculture mulberry with nitrogen(MNE) and intercropping mulberry without nitrogen(M0).Intercropping reduced both H' and D but nitrogen application showed no effect on diversity of microbial communities in alfalfa.There were obvious differences in using the six types of carbon sources between mulberry and alfalfa treatments.Nitrogen and intercropping increased the numbers of sole carbon substrate in mulberry treatments where the relative use rate exceeded 4%.While the numbers declined in alfalfa with nitrogen and intercropping.RDA indicated that URE was positive when intercropping mulberry was treated with nitrogen,but was negative in monoculture alfalfa treated with nitrogen.Soil pH and SWC were positive with mulberry treatments but were negative with alfalfa treatments.Intercropping with alfalfa benefited mulberry in the absence of nitrogen application.Intercropping with alfalfa and nitrogen application could improve the microbial community function and diversity in rhizosphere soil of mulberry.The microbial community in rhizosphere soil of mulberry and alfalfa is strategically complementary in terms of using carbon sources.     

杉木根际与非根际土壤酶活性比较

杉木根际与非根际土壤酶活性比较陈ｆ竣（中国林业科学研究院林业研究所北京１０００９１）李传涵（华中农业大学土化系武汉４３００７０）关键词杉木,根际土壤,土壤酶,杉木中毒由于林木生长的影响,使得林木根际土壤ｐＨ值、养分含量、微生物数目、生化活性等性质发生...