鲤鱼细菌性败血症病原菌的研究

从具有典型细菌性败血症症状的病鱼或濒死鱼中分离到2 株优势菌,经分离培养、人工感染试验、毒力因子、16S rRNA基因序列的测定及药敏试验,研究分离菌的生理生化特征、致病性及药物敏感性.根据2 株分离菌的菌落形态、生化特性和16S rRNA基因序列的测定结果(同源性为99%),确定为嗜水气单胞菌.人工感染试验的症状与自然发病相似,且再次感染后又分离到该菌株.2 株菌对阿米卡星、氨曲南、头孢噻肟等15 种药物均敏感,对氨苄西林均耐药,对复方磺胺表现出菌株差异.对其敏感的15 种药物可作为防治鲤鱼细菌性败血症的首选药物.     

杂交鳢(斑鳢♀×乌鳢♂)内脏类结节病病原菌的分离、鉴定与特性分析

从广东佛山、广州两地养殖场患内脏类结节病杂交鳢(Channa maculata♀×C.argus♂)内脏器官分离到2株细菌,纯化培养后获得2个分离株,编号为WL-1和WL-2,对分离菌株进行了细菌鉴定、致病性分析及药敏实验。应用常规生理生化鉴定和ATB系统细菌自动鉴定仪对分离菌株进行细胞形态学、理化特性分析,初步判定所分离菌为舒伯特气单胞菌。采用16S rRNA基因、DNA促旋酶的B亚单位蛋白(gyrB)基因对分离菌株进行DNA分子鉴定,结果显示,两个菌株间的16S rRNA基因序列相同,gyrB基因序列同源性为99.7%;分离菌株与GenBank上登录的舒伯特气单胞菌16S rRNA基因序列和gyrB基因序列同源性均最高,达99%以上;分离菌株在系统进化树上与舒伯特气单胞菌聚为一族,进一步确认分离株为舒伯特气单胞菌。人工感染健康鱼后出现与自然发病相似的内脏类结节病症状,从发病鱼内脏组织再分离的细菌特性与原感染菌相同。综合理化特性分析、基因鉴定和人工感染实验确认舒伯特气单胞菌是杂交鳢内脏类结节病的致病菌。药敏实验发现分离菌株对头孢唑啉、庆大霉素等14种药物敏感;对青霉素G、苯唑西林2种药物耐受。     

罗非鱼无乳链球菌的分离、鉴定及致病性研究

从患暴发性流行病罗非鱼的肝脏中分离获得一株细菌TL60829NA,将TL60829NA对罗非鱼进行人工感染致病性试验,试验感染罗非鱼表现出自然发病症状,确认分离菌株为罗非鱼暴发性流行病的致病菌.分离株菌经形态学观察、Bio Merieux Vitek全自动微生物分析系统GPI测定卡分析和16S rRNA特异性基因序列与NCBI中收录的其它引起罗非鱼病害的链球菌的16S rDNA序列构建的系统发育进化树显示,分离细菌与其它无乳链球菌的16S rDNA序列构成一个进化分支,而海豚链球菌则构成另一分支,确定分离菌株为无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalaciate).分离菌株对氨苄西林、青霉素G、卡那霉素等28种试验药物敏感,对妥布霉素、复方新诺明、环丙沙星等15种试验药物不敏感.由无乳链球菌引起的罗非鱼暴发性流行病的主要病理变化为鳃小片结构崩解,鳃上皮增生、融合;心肌纤维变性、肌间白细胞浸润;肝脏颗粒变性和脂肪变性;肠道粘膜上皮变性、坏死、脱落、固有膜炎性白细胞浸润;肾脏组织大量嗜中性白细胞浸润,肾小管上皮细胞核固缩,小动脉血管壁玻璃样变性;眼睛的脉络膜和眶骨膜组织炎性坏死,晶状体纤维断裂和脱离.     

锦鲤中琼氏不动杆菌的分离与鉴定

对从病死锦鲤(Cyprinus carpio L.)肝组织中分离的2株菌(编号:HC050630D-1、HC050630D-2)进行了形态特征、理化特性、药物敏感性及对健康鲤鱼的致病作用等方面的检验;测定不HC050630D-1株菌的16S rRNA基因序列,构建了系统发育树.结果表明,2株被检菌为琼氏不动杆菌(Acinetobacter junii),对健康鲤鱼未呈现明显致病作用;所测菌株的16S rRNA基因序列长度1450 bp,在GenBank中登录号为EF669479,该菌株16s rRNA基因序列与GenBank数据库中不动杆菌属细菌的16S rRNA基因序列同源性为99%;药敏试验结果显示对供试的头孢拉啶等21种药物坚现高度敏感或敏感,对头孢他啶等7种呈低度敏感,对青霉素G等9种耐药.     

一株梭鲈源无乳链球菌的分离、鉴定及分子分型分析

为查明梭鲈(Lucioperca lucioperca)凸眼病病原,从患病梭鲈病灶眼、肝、脾和肾分离纯化病原菌,进行了生理生化特性测定及16S rRNA基因序列分析,并开展人工感染试验,测定其血清型及MLST分型,并利用纸片扩散法进行药敏特性分析。结果显示:分离菌株(命名为SL1701株)为本次引发梭鲈病害的致病菌,Ib-ST261型。回归感染实验证实,分离得到的细菌SL1701对健康梭鲈具有非常强的致病性,4.5×105CFU/m L时可使80%受感染梭鲈死亡,并可复制出自然发病鱼的症状。菌株SL1701革兰氏染色为阳性链球菌,γ溶血,生理生化特性与普通无乳链球菌基本一致,16S rRNA基因序列与无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)同源性最高,综合判定分离菌株为无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)。药敏试验结果显示:分离菌株SL1701对氟苯尼考、氟罗沙星等17种抗生素高度敏感,对青霉素、磷霉素等8种抗生素耐药。结果表明,分离菌株SL1701为Ib-ST261型无乳链球菌,养殖时可选用氟苯尼考及氟罗沙星等药物进行防控。     

罗非鱼无乳链球菌的分子鉴定

对罗非鱼致病菌株TL60829NA及其人工感染后分离菌株TL60829NA1、TL60829NA2应用原核生物16S rRNA基因通用引物进行分子分类学鉴定.对这些菌株进行16srRNA基因的克隆、序列分析,核酸序列同源性分析表明,TL60829NA及其人工感染后分离菌株TL60829NA1、TL60829NA2为同一种细菌.其中,TL60829NA2与GenBank登陆号为DQ303183的无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalaciate)菌株ATCC13813序列同源性最高(99.8%).同时,通过与常引起罗非鱼链球菌病的S.agalaciate、S.iniae代表菌株16srRNA基因构建的发育进化树表明,该菌株及其人工感染后分离菌株与S.agalaciate代表菌株构成一个进化分枝,而4株S.iniae代表菌株的16srRNA基因则构成另一个分枝.本研究证实了从发病罗非鱼肝脏组织中分离到的致病性链球菌为无乳链球菌.     

西伯利亚鲟海豚链球菌的分离鉴定及毒力基因检测

2013年8-9月,四川雅安汉源湖养殖的西伯利亚鲟发生一种以体表溃疡、内脏出血和心外膜囊肿为特征的传染病.为明确其病因,本研究从自然发病鱼的肝、脾和肾进行了病原菌的分离、人工感染、分离菌的表型特征和分子生物学特征的检测.结果从患病鱼体内分离到一株G+链状球菌(Ab130920),人工感染实验证实了其病原性,生理生化特性与海豚链球菌(ATCC29178)基本一致;16S rDNA序列(GenBank登录号:KJ162337)与GenBank中S.iniae 16S rDNA序列同源性最高,在以16S rDNA序列及其GenBank中同源性较高的相关序列构建的系统发育树上,分离菌与海豚链球菌聚为一支;同时,在基于S.iniae lctO基因的特异性PCR检测中,从分离株基因组DNA扩增出预期大小的870 bp条带,进而鉴定分离菌Ab130920为S.iniae.在对cpsD、simA、sagA、pdi和scpI等5种S.iniae毒力基因的多重PCR检测中,分离菌均扩增出相应大小的特异性片段,表明其为一毒力较强的菌株,与人工感染实验的高致病性结果相佐证;药物敏感性检测发现其对阿莫西林、强力霉素、氟苯尼考等抗菌药物敏感,但对新生霉素、利福平、氧氟沙星耐药.     

牙鲆格氏乳球菌感染症及其病原

对一次养殖牙鲆（Paralichthys olivaceus L. Temminck et Schlegel）发生的病害进行了临床特征和病理变化等方面的检验.以5尾病（死）牙鲆做病变组织中的细菌检查及细菌分离,对分离做纯培养的10株菌（T030817-1至T030817-10）进行形态特征、理化特性等较系统的表观分类学指征鉴定;同时择代表菌株（T030817-1）进行16S rRNA基因分子鉴定,测定16S rRNA基因序列、分析相关细菌相应序列的同源性、构建了系统发生树.结果表明,10株分离菌均为乳球菌属（Lactococcus Schleifer et al 1986）的格氏乳球菌（L.garvieae）.择代表菌株（T030817-1）做对健康牙鲆的人工感染试验,表明所分离鉴定的格氏乳球菌在被检牙鲆病例中具有相应原发病原学意义及较强的致病作用.药敏试验结果显示,在供试37种抗菌药物中,对青霉素G等14种药物高度敏感,对链霉素等5种药物敏感,对苯唑青霉素等18种药物耐药.[中国水产科学,2006,13（3）：403-409]     

豹纹鳃棘鲈类结节症病原的分离鉴定

为查明养殖豹纹鳃棘鲈类结节症的病因,自患病豹纹鳃棘鲈内脏中分离到1株优势菌株061101,人工感染试验证实,该菌具有强毒力,能够引起被感染鱼内脏出现白色结节并死亡,为引起此次豹纹鳃棘鲈类结节症的病原菌。采用形态学、生化特性测定对菌株061101进行鉴定,同时采用细菌16S rRNA通用引物进行PCR扩增得到该菌的16S rRNA基因序列,测序后比对,构建系统发育树。试验结果表明,菌株061101与发光杆菌属中的美人鱼发光杆菌杀鱼亚种基本特征相符;基于16S rRNA基因序列构建的系统发育树将菌株061101与美人鱼发光杆菌杀鱼亚种聚为一支,置信度达100%。据此确定,此次豹纹鳃棘鲈类结节症的病原为美人鱼发光杆菌杀鱼亚种。药敏结果显示,该菌株仅对链霉素(300μg/片)、庆大霉素(120μg/片)敏感,对多黏菌素B、阿洛西林等中度敏感,对氟苯尼考、恩诺沙星、强力霉素等均耐药。     

牛蛙背部肿胀病的病原菌分离与鉴定及药敏实验

在广东广州番禺某牛蛙养殖场发现较为特殊的疾病且传染率和死亡率较高,为查明其致病原,从患病牛蛙(Rana catesbeiana)中抽取其背部的积液和对其他病变部位如肝、脾等进行细菌的分离纯化后得到两株优势菌,然后将两株优势菌进行16S rRNA基因测序、进化树构建、革兰氏染色细菌和生理生化实验进行鉴定和分析,结果显示一株菌株GPY923为嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila),另一株菌株GPY924为海豚链球菌(Streptococcus iniae),进行人工感染后表明其具有较强的致病性。药敏试验结果显示嗜水气单胞菌对丁胺卡那、红霉素、头孢他啶、头孢呋辛、青霉素和氟苯尼考敏感,对多种药物耐药;海豚链球菌对林可霉素和头孢呋辛耐药,对头孢他啶中度敏感,其余药物均敏感。     

Anguilla huangi Teng, Lin, and Tzeng, 2009, is a junior synonym of Anguilla luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama, and Tsukamoto, 2009

Anguilla luzonensis and A. huangi were each described in 2009 using eels obtained from northern Luzon Island. We examined the taxonomic status of these two groups of eels using morphological and molecular genetic characters. There were no significant differences in two vertebrae counts between eels of A. luzonensis and A. huangi. Mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome b genes sequences were obtained and compared among 28 specimens of A. luzonensis, the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi, and one specimen of the other 15 anguillid species. The specimens of A. luzonensis exhibited almost identical sequences, including the holotype, with only a few site differences, and the genetic difference between the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi was within the range of differences of specimens of A. luzonensis. The other anguillid species were genetically very different from A. luzonensis and A. huangi, although A. interioris is a closely related species. It is clear that A. luzonensis and A. huangi are the same species, and according to the principle of priority in zoological nomenclature, A. luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama, and Tsukamoto, 2009 is the valid species name, and A. huangi Teng, Lin, and Tzeng, 2009 is a junior synonym of A. luzonensis.     

Atlantic Fisheries Technological Conference,Moncton, NB,August 21, 1995

No abstract available for this article.     

Effects of Mosquitofish,Gambusia affinis,on Channel Catfish,Ictalurus puncatatus,Production Ponds

Mosquitofish, Gambusia sp., have been spread throughout the world to biologically control mosquitoes. However, the fish has gained a reputation as an invasive species and has been implicated in displacing native aquatic species. Gambusia affinis are native to the southeastern United States and commonly occur in commercial channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, production ponds. We investigated effects of mosquitofish presence on zooplankton populations, water quality, disease occurrence, and fish production in experimental ponds. There were no differences between ponds with or without mosquitofish in numbers of calanoid copepods, cyclopoid copepods, total copepods, Bosmina sp., Ceriodaphnia sp., Moina sp., Daphnia sp., or total cladocerans. There were also no differences in copepod and cladoceran sizes. Copepod nauplii were more numerous during the summer months in ponds with mosquitofish. There were no differences in water quality variables (soluble reactive phosphorus, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, pH) or phytoplankton density between ponds stocked with and without mosquitofish. Catfish production and disease occurrence were also similar between ponds with and without mosquitofish. Although mosquitofish may cause problems when stocked outside their native range, there does not appear to be any adverse effects of mosquitofish presence in catfish production ponds.     

Age,growth, maturity and the overfishing of the iconic sciaenid,Argyrosomus japonicus,in south-eastern,Australia

Mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) occur in estuarine and coastal waters surrounding Australia, Africa, India, Pakistan, China, Korea and Japan, where they are important in fisheries. This study identified that mulloway in south-eastern Australia had similar growth rates, but matured at smaller lengths and younger ages, to those in South Africa and Western Australia. Growth of both sexes was similar to about 5 years, after which females grew faster and attained a greater maximum length than males. Female mulloway matured at 4–5 years of age with a L₅₀ of 68 cm, whereas males matured at 2–3 years of age with a L₅₀ of 51 cm. The commercial fishery in New South Wales was characterised by declining catches and a reduction in the proportion of mulloway of mature lengths in landings. During 2002–2005 commercial landings were dominated (83%) by fish within 15 cm of the current minimum legal total length of 45 cm and aged 2 and 3 years (>80%), even though mulloway can attain lengths of 200 cm and live >30 years. Estimates of the rates of instantaneous total mortality ranged between 0.34 and 0.45, whilst the rate of instantaneous natural mortality (M) was estimated to be approximately 0.12. Yield-per-recruit analyses indicated that mulloway in New South Wales are being growth overfished and substantial increases in yield could be achieved by increasing the length at first harvest. Values of the spawning potential ratio were below 0.2 under a range of mortality estimates, suggesting that mulloway are at risk of recruitment overfishing. These results suggest that the spawning stock of mulloway in south-eastern Australia has been depleted and that remedial management action is required to protect this iconic species.     

Compositional differences,antioxidant activity,angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition,and sensory characteristics of kamaboko fermented in wheat,rice, brown rice,and soybean koji

Fisheries Science - Fermentation of kamaboko in koji with wheat (KW), rice (KR), brown rice (KB), or soybean (KS) was performed by simulation of tofuyo processing. Moisture and protein content...     

Sperm Motilities in Waigieu Seaperch,Psammoperca waigiensis: Effects of Various Dilutions,pH, Temperature,Osmolality, and Cations

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of varying dilutions, pH, temperature, osmolality, and cations on sperm motility parameters in waigieu seaperch, Psammoperca waigiensis. The maximum velocity of average in path (VAP), percentage of motile cells (MOT), and duration of sperm motility (DSM) were observed when semen was diluted in artificial seawater (ASW) at a ratio of 1:100 (144.9 ± 0.6 µm/sec, 95.6 ± 0.4%, and 230.3 ± 2.3 sec, respectively), at 30 C (142.0 ± 0.6 µm/sec, 93.6 ± 0.4%, and 238.3 ± 0.9 sec, respectively), and pH 8 (144.8 ± 0.6 µm/sec, 93.3 ± 0.4%, and 234.0 ± 1.5 sec, respectively). Maximum VAP, MOT, and DSM were obtained in each solution containing 0.6 M NaCl (143.8 ± 1.0 µm/sec, 91.3 ± 2.0%, and 230.6 ± 4.2 sec, respectively), 0.6 M KCl (135.1 ± 3.1 µm/sec, 91.1 ± 3.1%, and 230.3 ± 3.7sec, respectively), 0.2M CaCl₂ (105.3 ± 4.7μm/sec, 47.9 ± 2.7%, and 120.7 ± 1.3 sec, respectively), 0.2 M MgCl₂ (107.3 ± 3.0 m/s, 42.1 ± 3.3%, and 120.3 ± 4.8 sec, respectively), and osmolality of 400 mOsm/kg (145.1 ± 2.5 µm/sec, 93.0 ± 2.1%, and 346.5 ± 4.4s, respectively). We used these mediums as artificial insemination media for fertilizing matured eggs. The results showed that the fertilization and hatching rates in 0.6 M NaCl (75.3 ± 0.6% and 57.0 ± 2.4%, respectively), ASW (70.8 ± 1.2% and 51.2 ± 1.8%, respectively), or 400 mOsm/kg (72.9 ± 1.8% and 55.3 ± 1.6%, respectively) were higher than that in seawater (63.9 ± 1.2% and 39.2 ± 3.9%, respectively). In conclusion, using 0.6 M NaCl, ASW, or 400 mOsm/kg as an artificial insemination medium is effective for fertilizing of waigieu seaperch.     

Surface disinfection of Pacific threadfin, Polydactylus sexfilis, and amberjack, Seriola rivoliana, eggs

The effects of exposing the eggs of Pacific threadfin and amberjack eggs (AEs) to different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide for 5 min on hatch rate and survival were assessed in a series of experiments using a petri dish model rearing system. Despite significant inter‐batch variation in hatch rate, it was shown that eggs of both species could be safely exposed to up to 11 340 mg L⁻¹ H₂O₂ for 5 min. Exposure to 34 230 mg L⁻¹ H₂O₂ for 5 min was shown to be lethal to AEs at a late stage of development. In two further experiments, it was demonstrated that Pacific threadfin eggs were resistant to all tested concentrations of a range of polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine (PVP‐I) concentrations and contact times (up to 1000 mg L⁻¹ PVP‐I for 10 min). The level of bacteria adhering to the eggs of both species was highly variable. Where eggs were heavily colonized (>10⁴ cfu egg⁻¹), hydrogen peroxide concentrations of at least 11 340 mg L⁻¹, or PVP‐I concentrations higher than 500 mg L⁻¹ for 10 min, were required for effective sterilization. In less colonized batches, rinsing in sterile seawater or exposure to lower (550 mg L⁻¹) concentrations of H₂O₂ was sufficient to result in high apparent levels of surface sterility (<1 cfu egg⁻¹).     

Operating parameters affecting biofloc technology: carbon source,carbon/nitrogen ratio,feeding regime,stocking density,salinity, aeration,and microbial community manipulation

Aquaculture International - The world population continues to increase day by day. Therefore, aquaculture needs to grow in order to response the need for protein foods and to cope with the problem...