应用TaqMan real-time PCR研究BSV在带毒香蕉组培苗中传递

由香蕉线条病毒(Banana streak virus,BSV)引起的香蕉线条病,严重影响了香蕉产量及种质资源交流。本研究根据BSV ORF Ⅲ基因保守序列设计引物和探针,建立了BSV的实时荧光定量PCR检测方法。该法检测BSV时,与黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)和香蕉束顶病毒(Banana bunchy top virus,BBTV)无交叉反应;不论是检测质粒DNA还是香蕉病株总DNA,其灵敏度都比普通PCR高,检测质粒DNA的灵敏度比普通PCR高100倍,检测香蕉病株总DNA的灵敏度比普通PCR高10倍,且具有良好的重复性。利用建立的实时荧光定量PCR方法检测我国主栽的不同香蕉品种‘大蕉’、‘粉蕉’和‘粤优抗一号’香蕉组培苗中BSV的浓度,发现不同品种BSV传递规律不同。‘大蕉’第3代、第9代组培分化芽中BSV含量较原代显著减少;‘粉蕉’中BSV含量随继代数增加表现为先增加后减少;‘粤优抗一号’中BSV含量随继代数增加呈增加趋势。BSV在‘粉蕉’、‘大蕉’和‘粤优抗一号’第10代到第12代组培苗中以顶部第1片或(及)第2片叶中含量最高。直接结合PCR分析初步表明不同品种在原代和组培至第12代,其植株中的BSV均为游离状态。本文通过对带毒香蕉组培苗中BSV的含量监测,明确了BSV在不同品种带毒香蕉组培苗中的传递和分布规律,为研究BSV与寄主互作及BSV检测提供了理论依据。     

香蕉条斑病毒LAMP快速检测方法的建立

 环介导等温扩增（loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP）是一种特异、灵敏、快速的新型基因检测技术。本研究以香蕉条斑病毒（Banana streak virus,BSV）ORF3保守区域为基础针对6个特定区域设计并筛选了4条LAMP扩增引物,通过对LAMP反应中MgSO₄、dNTPs、Betaine等主要试剂浓度进行优化,建立了香蕉BSV的LAMP检测方法,63℃反应90 min后通过在反应产物中添加SYBR Green Ⅰ染料后颜色的变化,肉眼即可判断检测结果。LAMP具有极高的检测特异性和灵敏性,其检测下限约为3.2 ng·μL^-1,是PCR检测灵敏度的25倍,能快速、准确地对疑似样品进行检测,本研究对华南地区部分疑似样品的检测结果显示LAMP阳性检出率比PCR检出率高。本文建立的BSV LAMP检测方法是对BSV检测方法的拓展和延伸,为香蕉病毒的快速检测提供技术保障。     

香蕉3种主要病毒的多重PCR检测

根据香蕉束顶病毒(Banana bunchy top virus,BBTV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)和香蕉线条病毒(Banana streak virus,BSV)3种病毒核酸保守序列设计相应特异性引物,通过体系优化,建立了可以同时检测香蕉束顶病毒、黄瓜花叶病毒、香蕉线条病毒的多重PCR体系。     

不同基因型香蕉分化芽BSV和BBTV带毒率的PCR检测

香蕉Musa spp.是我国南方重要的经济作物之一,在广东省的种植面积和经济产值居全国第二.由香蕉线条病毒(Banana streak virus,BSV)引起的香蕉线条病、由香蕉束顶病毒(Banana bunchy top vi.rus,BBTV)引起的香蕉束顶病和由黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)引起的香蕉花叶病在香蕉种植区普遍发生.     

香蕉分化芽BBTV DAS-ELISA检测方法的建立和应用

为了解海南海口香蕉分化芽携带香蕉束顶病毒(Banana bunchy top virus, BBTV)的情况, 本研究建立了双抗夹心酶联免疫反应(DAS-ELISA)检测法, 对来自海南地区组培厂的香蕉分化芽进行检测。检测结果表明, 6个品种1 852个香蕉分化芽平均带毒率为2.1%, 其中‘皇帝蕉’为1.98%, ‘粤科1号’为2.07%, ‘广粉蕉’为1.98%, ‘大蕉’为6.25%, ‘218’为1.89%, ‘巴西蕉’为2.25%。为了进一步验证ELISA结果的可靠性, 随机选取12个阳性样品提取总DNA进行PCR鉴定。鉴定结果显示, 12个样品中11个检测出有BBTV, 表明DAS-ELISA方法的准确率较高, 与分子检测结果基本一致, 可以胜任日常香蕉组培苗BBTV的检测。     

香蕉上两种病毒在香蕉分化芽中的PCR检测

香蕉线条病毒Banana streak virus（BSV）引起的香蕉线条病，与黄瓜花叶病毒Cucumber mosaic virus（CMV）引起的香蕉花叶心腐病初期症状相似，香蕉Musa spp．感染这两种病毒后，产量和品质都受影响，防治香蕉病毒病的有效方法之一是种植无毒试管苗。通过检测香蕉分化芽中CMV，减少了香蕉花叶心腐病在广东的发生。[第一段]     

从海南省杂草胜红蓟和假马鞭上检测到粉虱传双生病毒

 利用三抗体夹心ELISA(TAS-ELISA)及PCR检测的方法对采自海南的胜红蓟(Ageratum conyzoides)和假马鞭(Stachytarphetajamaicensis)的5个病样进行了检测,表明均为粉虱传双生病毒。PCR扩增产物克隆后进行序列测定,结果表明存在2类双生病毒,其中样品Hn2存在2类病毒的复合侵染。这是在海南首次报道存在有粉虱传双生病毒。     

中国甘薯病毒种类的血清学和分子检测

 2009～2010年,从我国18个省（市）采集了176份表现病毒病症状的甘薯样品。利用血清学、PCR和核苷酸序列测定的方法,对上述样品中的病毒种类进行了鉴定。血清学检测结果表明,供试样品中甘薯羽状斑驳病毒（SPFMV）的阳性率最高,达56.3%,其次为甘薯G病毒（SPVG）和甘薯类花椰菜花叶病毒(SPCaLV),阳性率分别为34.1%和33.5%。PCR和核苷酸序列测定结果表明,我国甘薯上至少存在SPFMV、SPVG、甘薯潜隐病毒（SPLV）、甘薯褪绿斑病毒（SPCFV）、甘薯褪绿矮化病毒（SPCSV）、黄瓜花叶病毒（CMV）、甘薯脉花叶病毒（SPVMV）和甘薯卷叶病毒（SPLCV）8种病毒。此外,供试样品中没有检测出甘薯轻斑驳病毒（SPMMV）,是否存在甘薯轻斑点病毒(SPMSV)、SPCaLV和C 6病毒尚不能确定。     

香蕉中内源条斑病毒的基因型及其激活

为明确香蕉中不同基因型内源条斑病毒（endogenous Banana streak virus,eBSV）的激活及其机制,根据eBSOLV-GD（endogenous Banana streak OL virus Guangdong）的结构设计引物,采用内源条斑病毒基因型分析方法及RT-PCR检测法对其基因型、表达和激活进行了研究。结果表明,只含A基因组的香蕉不含eBSOLV-GD;含B基因组的香蕉均含eBSOLV-GD。在所检测的含B基因组的香蕉中eBSOLV-GD可分为6种基因型,部分为感染型的eBSOLV-GD。粉蕉和大蕉中eBSOLV-GD的片段Ⅱ和Ⅲ能表达,eBSOLV-GD经组织培养后可激活产生BSOLV-GD,引起香蕉发病,发病率为8.6%~18.0%,表明发病率的高低与香蕉的基因型有关,与eBSV基因型无关。     

植物寄生线虫体内病毒检测方法研究进展

线虫作为植物病毒重要的传播媒介之一,引起病毒病的传播和蔓延。本文综述了近年来线虫介体体内植物病毒的检测方法,有电子显微镜检测法、血清学检测法、PCR检测法等,以期为我国开展该方面工作提供参考。     

Occurrence, prevalence and molecular diversity of banana streak viruses in Cuba

Banana streak viruses (BSV) belong to the genus Badnavirus of the family Caulimoviridae. They cause banana streak disease on banana and plantains worldwide. The recent detection of BSV in Cuba has prompted a nationwide research effort focused on the occurrence, prevalence and diversity of BSV species on dessert type banana on the island. Indexing by multiplex immunocapture-PCR (M-IC-PCR) performed on samples collected throughout the country showed that the overall prevalence of Banana streak OL virus, Banana streak GF virus and Banana streak IM virus is low in Musa acuminata genotypes in Cuba. However, the prevalence of BSV species Mysore (BSMYV) was surprisingly high in samples of cv Yangambi km5 collected from distinct and distant locations. The presence in Cuba of an as yet unreported BSV species was also investigated, showing that Banana steak VN virus is also present in Musa acuminata genotypes.     

Genetic Diversity Among Banana streak virus Isolates from Australia

ABSTRACT Banana streak virus (BSV) is an important pathogen of bananas and plantains (Musa spp.) throughout the world. We have cloned and sequenced part of the genomes of four isolates of BSV from Australia, designated BSV-RD, BSV-Cav, BSV-Mys, and BSV-GF. These isolates originated from banana cvs. Red Dacca, Williams, Mysore, and Goldfinger, respectively. All clones contained a sequence covering part of open reading frame III and the intergenic region of the badnavirus genome. The sequences were compared with those of other badnaviruses, including BSV-Onne, a previously characterized isolate from Nigeria. The BSV-RD sequence was virtually identical to that of BSV-Onne, differing by only two nucleotides over 1,292 bp. However, BSV-Cav, -Mys, and -GF were divergent in nucleotide sequence. Phylogenetic analyses using conserved sequences in the ribonuclease H domain revealed that all BSV isolates were more closely related to each other than to any other badnavirus. BSV-Cav was most closely related to BSV-Onne, and there was 95.1% identity between the two amino acid sequences. Other relationships between the BSV isolates were less similar, with sequence identities ranging from 66.4 to 78.2%, which is a magnitude comparable to the distance between some of the recognized badnavirus species. Immunocapture-polymerase chain reaction assays have been developed, allowing specific detection and differentiation of the four isolates of BSV.     

Status of Banana Streak Disease in Africa: Problems and Future Research Needs

Streak disease of banana and plantain caused by banana streak virus (BSV) was first reported in the Ivory Coast in 1974 and occurs in at least 16 countries in Africa. Based on genomic characteristics, BSV has been shown to be a member of genus Badnavirus. Efficient and reliable diagnostic methods for BSV have recently become widely available. This paper summarizes the current knowledge on its causal agent, geographical distribution, symptomatology, transmission, host range, available diagnostic techniques and management options for the disease in Africa. Further research needs are identified in light of the widespread occurrence of BSV in most plantain/banana germplasms and the difficulties in obtaining BSV-free plantlets through tissue culture.     

香蕉束顶病毒海口分离物基因组的克隆及序列分析

 以海口香蕉束顶病株的幼嫩假茎和叶片总DNA为模板,通过反向PCR法克隆了香蕉束顶病毒(Banana bunchy top virus,BBTV)海口分离物(命名为BBTV-HaiKou)的6个DNA组分的全长序列。结果表明,DNA1~6序列全长分别为1106、1040、1058、1040、1013和1082nt。各组分非编码区各包含一个茎环共同区和一个主要共同区,同源性分别为91.55%和88.45%。各组分编码区均编码一个开放可读框(ORF),其中DNA1 ORF内部还有一个小的ORF。序列分析表明,BBTV-HaiKou分离物与其它分离物间的DNA1最为保守,DNA2变异最大。DNA1组分核苷酸序列与亚洲组、南太平洋组各分离物及ABTV (Abacá bunchy top virus)分离物同源性分别为93.1%~99.1%,89.6%~90.7%和76.2%~77.4%,相应的编码蛋白氨基酸序列同源性在BBTV和ABTV中分别为93.4%~100%和85.7%。根据Karan等的分类方法,确定BBTV-HaiKou分离物属于亚洲组成员。     

A molecular diagnostic for tropical race 4 of the banana fusarium wilt pathogen

This study analysed genomic variation of the translation elongation factor 1α (TEF‐1α) and the intergenic spacer region (IGS) of the nuclear ribosomal operon of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) isolates, from different banana production areas, representing strains within the known races, comprising 20 vegetative compatibility groups (VCG). Based on two single nucleotide polymorphisms present in the IGS region, a PCR‐based diagnostic tool was developed to specifically detect isolates from VCG 01213, also called tropical race 4 (TR4), which is currently a major concern in global banana production. Validation involved TR4 isolates, as well as Foc isolates from 19 other VCGs, other fungal plant pathogens and DNA samples from infected tissues of the Cavendish banana cultivar Grand Naine (AAA). Subsequently, a multiplex PCR was developed for fungal or plant samples that also discriminated Musa acuminata and M. balbisiana genotypes. It was concluded that this diagnostic procedure is currently the best option for the rapid and reliable detection and monitoring of TR4 to support eradication and quarantine strategies.     

香蕉束顶病毒株系生物学特性的研究

 在广东香蕉束顶病株症状基本相同的情况下,在8个产区分别随机采集11~15个标样共111个分离物,接种在香蕉苗上,其后又从8个产区的分离物中各选取1个代表分离物用于进行各项研究。寄主范围试验结果,这8个代表分离物可分为能侵染粉蕉的NSP株系(以广州天河分离物为代表的7个分离物)和不能侵染粉蕉的NS株系(高州代表分离物)。用Eco RI对8个毒源地的111个分离物DNA组分1进行酶切分析,结果表明:所有高州分离物共15个和信宜分离物14个中的9个都可以被酶切,应属NS株系;而其余6个毒源地的所有分离物及信宜分离物中的另外5个都不能被酶切,应属NSP株系。在病害潜育期方面,2个株系在大蕉上的差异达到显著水平;在香蕉4个品种上,2株系也存在较明显的差异,但其中有些差异未达到显著水平。在病毒增殖、运转速度及病毒达到高浓度所需的时间上,2个株系也存在显著的差异。     

香蕉褐缘灰斑病菌检测技术研究进展

香蕉褐缘灰斑病严重影响香蕉产量和品质,是香蕉生产上的重要生物灾害之一.香蕉褐缘灰斑病的早期诊断、检疫及防治的重要基础与前提是建立快速、灵敏的检测技术,从而准确及时鉴定出病原菌种类.本文介绍了香蕉褐缘灰斑病菌的种类和分类,概述了国内外香蕉褐缘灰斑病菌检测方法的研究进展,总结和归纳了传统、血清学、DNA指纹图谱、常规PCR...