应用TaqMan real-time PCR研究BSV在带毒香蕉组培苗中传递

由香蕉线条病毒(Banana streak virus,BSV)引起的香蕉线条病,严重影响了香蕉产量及种质资源交流。本研究根据BSV ORF Ⅲ基因保守序列设计引物和探针,建立了BSV的实时荧光定量PCR检测方法。该法检测BSV时,与黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)和香蕉束顶病毒(Banana bunchy top virus,BBTV)无交叉反应;不论是检测质粒DNA还是香蕉病株总DNA,其灵敏度都比普通PCR高,检测质粒DNA的灵敏度比普通PCR高100倍,检测香蕉病株总DNA的灵敏度比普通PCR高10倍,且具有良好的重复性。利用建立的实时荧光定量PCR方法检测我国主栽的不同香蕉品种‘大蕉’、‘粉蕉’和‘粤优抗一号’香蕉组培苗中BSV的浓度,发现不同品种BSV传递规律不同。‘大蕉’第3代、第9代组培分化芽中BSV含量较原代显著减少;‘粉蕉’中BSV含量随继代数增加表现为先增加后减少;‘粤优抗一号’中BSV含量随继代数增加呈增加趋势。BSV在‘粉蕉’、‘大蕉’和‘粤优抗一号’第10代到第12代组培苗中以顶部第1片或(及)第2片叶中含量最高。直接结合PCR分析初步表明不同品种在原代和组培至第12代,其植株中的BSV均为游离状态。本文通过对带毒香蕉组培苗中BSV的含量监测,明确了BSV在不同品种带毒香蕉组培苗中的传递和分布规律,为研究BSV与寄主互作及BSV检测提供了理论依据。     

海南香蕉条斑病毒的检测

香蕉条斑病毒(Banana streak virus,BSV)是香蕉上一种重要的病毒。本文运用血清学检测法和PCR检测法对海南主栽巴西蕉(Musa Cavendish,AAA)、粉蕉(Musa Pisang Awak,ABB)进行了BSV的调查检测。结果表明,参试无症状或症状各异的样品血清学检测结果均为阴性,说明这些被测品中可能不含有游离BSV粒子;上述样品中部分样品的PCR检测结果却为阳性,将PCR扩增的特异条带回收、测序和比对,显示确实扩增到BSV部分基因组序列。结合血清学检测结果,说明海南部分香蕉的基因组已经整合了BSV的基因组序列。     

苹果轮纹病菌LAMP快速检测方法的建立

为建立快捷、灵敏检测苹果轮纹病菌Botryosphaeria dothidea的环介导等温扩增(loop-medi‐ated isothermal amplification,LAMP)检测方法,以其内转录间隔区ITS序列为靶标,设计6条LAMP引物,对其特异性进行检测,优化反应条件并建立苹果轮纹病菌的LAMP检测方法。引物特异性检测结果表明,2株苹果轮纹病菌反应结果呈绿色为阳性,而其它3株对照菌株反应结果呈橙色为阴性,表明了LAMP检测引物的高特异性。优化后的LAMP最佳反应条件:温度65℃、扩增时间60 min、FIP/BIP、F3/B3、LF/LB引物终浓度分别为1.0、0.25、0.5μmol/L。LAMP检测方法对苹果轮纹病菌DNA的检测灵敏度达到了100 ag/μL,是常规PCR检测灵敏度的100倍。田间疑似轮纹病组织检测结果发现LAMP方法对苹果轮纹病菌的检出率高达68%,而传统分离鉴定方法的检出率仅为24%。表明所建立的苹果轮纹病菌LAMP快速检测方法简便快捷、特异性好、灵敏度高,尤其适用于基层植保机构对于苹果轮纹病菌的田间快速检测。     

快速鉴定草莓枯萎病的LAMP检测技术

[目的]建立草莓枯萎病的镰刀菌快速检测方法.[方法]利用环介导等温扩增技术(LAMP)针对镰刀菌保守区域ITS设计一套LAMP扩增引物,利用Bst DNA聚合酶完成LAMP扩增反应,对7种常见病原菌进行检测,分析LAMP引物的特异性;比较LAMP与传统PCR方法的敏感性.[结果]建立的LAMP法能够特异性的检测尖孢镰刀菌和腐皮镰刀菌,并且检测灵敏度为1.0×10-4 ng/μL,是普通PCR检测灵敏度的1000倍.[意义]试验所建立的草莓枯萎病快速LAMP检测方法,具有灵敏度高、快速及简便的优点,可以向基层单位推广使用.     

香蕉3种主要病毒的多重PCR检测

根据香蕉束顶病毒(Banana bunchy top virus,BBTV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)和香蕉线条病毒(Banana streak virus,BSV)3种病毒核酸保守序列设计相应特异性引物,通过体系优化,建立了可以同时检测香蕉束顶病毒、黄瓜花叶病毒、香蕉线条病毒的多重PCR体系。     

玉蜀黍黑粉菌环介导等温扩增检测体系的建立及应用

 本文根据玉蜀黍黑粉菌(Ustilago maydis )的UmPep1、UmPit2和UmSee1基因各设计4套环介导等温扩增(LAMP)引物,从中筛选出1套引物对LAMP反应体系进行3因素(Bst DNA聚合酶浓度、Mg²⁺浓度、内外引物浓度比)3水平的优化试验。并对优化的U. maydis LAMP反应体系进行特异性、灵敏度及田间检测可行性试验。特异性试验表明,该方法能特异性检测U. maydis,而与其他病原菌的DNA没有交叉反应;灵敏度试验表明,该反应体系的最低检出限为44 fg·μL^-1 pEasy-Pep质粒DNA,制作的标准曲线可对U. maydis进行定量分析。该方法也适用于在U. maydis侵染前或侵染早期对田间样品进行检测,对现场采集的172份田间样品进行检测,其中140个样品显示为阳性。本研究所建立的LAMP体系具有特异性好、灵敏度高、重复性好的特点,并能在45 min内完成对田间样品的检测,是快速、定量检测U. maydis的有效手段。     

基于环介导等温扩增技术检测由强雄腐霉引起的玉米茎腐病

为建立强雄腐霉Pythium arrhenomanes的快速分子检测技术,基于环介导等温扩增技术(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)以β-tubulin基因为靶标序列,设计强雄腐霉的特异性引物,建立了一种准确快速的LAMP检测方法,并对该检测方法的特异性、灵敏度和实际应用效果进行评估。25μL LAMP最终反应体系为:10×ThermoPol Buffer 2.5μL、10 mmol/L dNTPs 3.5μL、6 mmol/L MgSO_4 2μL、5 mol/L甜菜碱4μL、40μmol/L FIP-1/BIP-1各1μL、5μmol/L F3-1和B3-1各1μL、40μmol/L LB-1 1μL、Bst DNA polymerase 1μL、2.5 mmol/L HNB 1.9μL、模板DNA 2μL、灭菌水3.1μL。LAMP体系在等温64℃条件下反应60 min,HNB显色反应显示天蓝色即为阳性反应;扩增产物经2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳验证为梯形条带,也可判定为阳性反应。特异性检测结果显示,LAMP体系能特异性地检测出强雄腐霉,而其它卵菌近缘种和常见植物病原真菌均未检测出。灵敏度检测结果显示,LAMP体系的最低检测灵敏度为10 pg/μL,是普通PCR反应灵敏度的1 000倍。在实际应用中,LAMP体系能够快速检测出人工接种和实际发病玉米组织中的病原菌。表明本研究建立的快速、准确、可视化的LAMP检测方法能在60 min内检测出强雄腐霉。     

快速检测马铃薯干腐病病原接骨木镰孢的环介导等温扩增技术

 本研究基于环介导等温扩增技术(loop-mediated isothermal amplification, LAMP),建立了一种快速、准确和灵敏的接骨木镰孢的检测技术。通过比对接骨木镰孢与其近源种之间的候选靶标序列,选取TEF1-α(translation elongation factor 1-α,翻译延伸因子)基因作为靶标,设计并筛选出一套对该病原菌具有种特异性的LAMP引物,建立了检测接骨木镰孢的 LAMP 体系。该体系在反应前加入染料羟基萘酚蓝(hydroxynaphthol blue,HNB),经62℃恒温反应70 min之后,可根据肉眼观察到的反应物的颜色判定结果。特异性分析结果表明,仅接骨木镰孢的DNA经检测后呈天蓝色的阳性反应,而其他供试菌株的DNA均呈紫色的阴性反应。该方法对DNA的最低检测限为100 pg·μL^-1。在采自内蒙古和黑龙江的28份马铃薯干腐病疑似病害样本中,检测到14份阳性样品。该方法的建立为接骨木镰孢的检测及其所致病害的诊断提供了快捷准确的技术。     

进境玉米中玉米内州萎蔫病菌的PCR检测

 为了快速准确检测进境玉米样品中的玉米内州萎蔫病菌Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis(Cmn), 根据GenBank中Cmn的16S-23S序列设计引物CM1/CM4和引物PSM1/CM3。引物PSM1/CM3仅能从供试的4株Cmn菌株中扩增获得208 bp的预期产物, 而其他36株对照菌株均不能扩增出预期条带。灵敏度测试结果表明引物CM1/CM4和PSM1/CM3组合的巢式PCR方法的检测灵敏度高于常规PCR, 检测灵敏度可达40 fg DNA或6.8 CFU目标细菌。常规PCR和巢式PCR方法对进境美国玉米样品的阳性检出率分别为8%和24%, 试验结果表明所建立的PCR方法可用于玉米样品中Cmn的快速检测。     

向日葵黑茎病菌TaqMan-MGB探针实时荧光快速检测方法

 向日葵黑茎病菌是我国进境检疫性有害生物名录中的一种检疫性真菌。根据向日葵黑茎病菌及其近似种的ITS序列差异,设计并合成特异性引物和探针,建立了向日葵黑茎病菌的实时荧光PCR检测方法。特异性试验结果表明,该检测方法能特异性检测向日葵黑茎病菌;灵敏度试验结果表明,最低检测限量为20 μL反应体系中总DNA含量0.1 pg;实时荧光PCR优化反应条件为引物终浓度0.6 μmol·L^-1,探针终浓度0.3 μmol·L^-1。实际样品检测结果表明,该方法可用于疑似携带向日葵黑茎病菌样品的检测与初筛。此方法快速、灵敏,整个反应过程约1 h,检测过程完全闭管,无需PCR后续处理,为早期快速检测向日葵黑茎病菌提供了重要参考。     

香蕉线条病毒ORFⅡ基因的原核表达及抗体制备

 ORFⅡ gene of Banana streak virus GuangDong isolate (BSV-GD) was amplified from a BSV-GD recombinant plasmid by PCR, and the gene was expressed by being cloned into prokaryote expression vector pET-28b (+). The fusion protein was about 16.5 kDa in size and was soluble with SDS-PAGE analysis. The purified protein was obtained by using the histidine labeling kit of N-terminus of protein. The antiserum was obtained by immunizing healthy rabbits with the purified protein. Western blot and ELISA analysis showed that the special antiserum of BSV possessed high titer, which was tested as 1:51 200. The study was a base for further research on BSV including ORFⅡ gene function and virus detection.     

Status of Banana Streak Disease in Africa: Problems and Future Research Needs

Streak disease of banana and plantain caused by banana streak virus (BSV) was first reported in the Ivory Coast in 1974 and occurs in at least 16 countries in Africa. Based on genomic characteristics, BSV has been shown to be a member of genus Badnavirus. Efficient and reliable diagnostic methods for BSV have recently become widely available. This paper summarizes the current knowledge on its causal agent, geographical distribution, symptomatology, transmission, host range, available diagnostic techniques and management options for the disease in Africa. Further research needs are identified in light of the widespread occurrence of BSV in most plantain/banana germplasms and the difficulties in obtaining BSV-free plantlets through tissue culture.     

环介导等温扩增技术快速检测麦根腐平脐蠕孢

 为建立麦根腐平脐蠕孢简单快速的分子检测方法,基于环介导等温扩增(Loop-mediated isothermal amplification, LAMP)技术,以核糖体DNA的ITS为靶标序列,设计和筛选出一组麦根腐平脐蠕孢的特异性引物,成功开发可快速准确检测麦根腐平脐蠕孢的LAMP方法。甜菜碱作用测试显示LAMP体系中是否添加甜菜碱对扩增结果无明显影响;特异性测试显示该LAMP方法能够从14种植物病原菌中特异地检测出麦根腐平脐蠕孢;灵敏度测试显示该LAMP方法的检测极限为10^-3 ng·μL^-1,是常规PCR检测方法灵敏度的100倍;通用性测试显示该LAMP方法能够准确检测洛阳、安阳、开封和邯郸等不同地理来源的麦根腐平脐蠕孢菌株;发病组织检测显示该LAMP方法能够准确地从人工接种的小麦发病组织中检测出麦根腐平脐蠕孢,检出时间为侵染12 h及以上。这些研究结果表明所建立的麦根腐平脐蠕孢LAMP检测方法特异性好、灵敏度高、适用性强,可用于小麦根腐病的早期快速诊断。     

香蕉褐缘灰斑病菌检测技术研究进展

香蕉褐缘灰斑病严重影响香蕉产量和品质,是香蕉生产上的重要生物灾害之一.香蕉褐缘灰斑病的早期诊断、检疫及防治的重要基础与前提是建立快速、灵敏的检测技术,从而准确及时鉴定出病原菌种类.本文介绍了香蕉褐缘灰斑病菌的种类和分类,概述了国内外香蕉褐缘灰斑病菌检测方法的研究进展,总结和归纳了传统、血清学、DNA指纹图谱、常规PCR...     

Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification procedure as a sensitive and rapid method for detection of 'candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' in potatoes and Psyllids

This study reports the development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification procedure (LAMP) for polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection of 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum', the bacterial causal agent of potato zebra chip (ZC) disease. The 16S rDNA gene of 'Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum' was used to design a set of six primers for LAMP PCR detection of the bacterial pathogen in potato plants and the psyllid vector. The advantage of the LAMP method is that it does not require a thermocycler for amplification or agarose gel electrophoresis for resolution. Positive LAMP results can be visualized directly as a precipitate. The LAMP strategy reported here reliably detected 'Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum' and the closely related species 'Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus', the causative agent of huanglongbing disease of citrus, in plant DNA extracts. Although not as sensitive as quantitative real-time PCR, LAMP detection was equivalent to conventional PCR in tests of ZC-infected potato plants from the field. Thus, the LAMP method shows strong promise as a reliable, rapid, and cost-effective method of detecting 'Ca. Liberibacter' pathogens in psyllids and field-grown potato plants and tubers.     

Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid and sensitive detection of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4

Fusarium wilt (Panama disease), caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 (Foc race 4), is one of the most destructive diseases affecting banana (Musa). Early and accurate detection of Foc race 4 is essential to protect the banana industry. We developed a novel and highly specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the detection of Foc race 4 based on a SCAR marker sequence. The detection limit for this assay was 10 fg per 25 μl reaction in pure culture and DNA amplification was completed within 60 min. The assays detected 69 different isolates of Foc race 4 from geographically distinct counties in China, and no cross-reaction was observed with other fungal pathogens. When 26 infected and eight healthy looking but infested banana samples naturally from different fields were examined, the detection rate of LAMP was 100 %. The LAMP assay developed in this study was simple, fast, sensitive, and specific, and can be used in the field to detect Foc race 4 in infected banana plant tissue in resource-poor settings.     

番石榴焦腐病菌LAMP检测方法的建立及应用

 以钙黄绿素（calcein）为指示剂,建立了番石榴焦腐病菌（Botryosphaeria rhodina）的环介导等温扩增（Loop mediated isothermal amplification, LAMP）可视化快速检测方法。在该方法中,以番石榴焦腐病菌特异的核糖体转录间隔区（Internal transcribed spacer, ITS）序列为目的DNA片段,设计4条引物（2条内引物、2条外引物）,优化LAMP反应条件和反应体系,并进行特异性和灵敏度验证。研究确定最佳反应温度为64℃,反应时间1 h;特异性检测结果显示,15株不同地理来源的番石榴焦腐病菌和10份番石榴焦腐病病果组织LAMP产物均为阳性（绿色）,而26株其它病原菌及10份健康番石榴果实组织LAMP产物均为阴性（橘黄色）;灵敏度验证结果显示,该方法的检测灵敏度在DNA水平上可达到10 pg。实验结果表明,快速、准确、灵敏的LAMP检测方法适合基层部门及田间检测番石榴焦腐病菌使用。