液相色谱串联质谱法测定饲料中的苏丹红

由于苏丹红添加于饲料中使用．使禽蛋蛋黄呈现红色．消费者在食用这种红心蛋后会有致癌风险：本文以液相色谱－串联质谱法检测饲料中的苏丹红含量。经检测：苏丹红Ⅰ、苏丹红Ⅱ、苏丹红Ⅲ、苏丹红Ⅳ标准工作曲线相关系数≥0．9999：苏丹红在饲料中的回收率在55％～94％之间．回收率批内变异系数与批间变异系数均≤10％。证明此方法具有很好的可重复性。     

农业部发出通知要求进一步加强饲料安全监管工作

通知要求，各省畜牧饲料行政主管部门要组织对辖区内的商品蛋禽饲料和蛋禽养殖场槽料进行苏丹红专项检查。严厉查处在饲料和养殖生产过程中添加违禁药物和苏丹红等化学物质的不法行为。     

饲料着色与鸡体着色

<正> 在家禽配合饲料中,经常使用的着色剂有两大类,即用于改变饲料外观颜色的饲料着色剂和用于在鸡体(皮肤、小腿、喙、脂肪)及蛋黄中沉积的鸡体着色剂。一、饲料着色剂饲料着色剂通常是经重氮反应和偶氮反应的人工合成色素。市场上最常用的饲料着色剂是柠檬黄(tartraline),此外还有苋菜红(amaranth)、胭脂红(poncean)和日落黄(sunsetyellow)等。对饲料外观进行着色的目的主要在两个方面:第一,适应鸡对饲料外观颜色的选择。Lashloy(1916)研究表明,鸡的视网膜能感受395～715毫微米的光波,即能看到红、黄、蓝、绿、紫色。Kennedy(1980)报道,鸡喜欢其刚出壳后所喂的那种饲料的颜色。郑成(1993)报     

液相色谱法测定饲料中苏丹红残留量的不确定度研究

介绍一种饲料中苏丹红残留量测定的不确定度分析方法。对影响饲料中苏丹红残留量测定不确定度的因素进行分析,包括标准品浓度、体积、样品质量、回收率的重复性等因素,计算得出试验中4种苏丹红(I～IV)测定结果的扩展不确定度分别为0.026、0.060、0.047和0.052mg/kg。     

与养殖生产有关的食品安全事件

一、"苏丹红红心鸭蛋"事件 发生时间 2006年11月 事件过程 2006年11月12日中央电视台播报了北京市个别市场和经销企业售卖来自河北石家庄等地用添加苏丹红的饲料喂鸭所生产的"红心鸭蛋",并在该批鸭蛋中检测出苏丹红.     

农业部发出通知要求:进一步加强饲料安全监管工作

11月17日,农业部发出通知,要求各省畜牧饲料行政主管部门和饲料质检机构迅速采取行动,进一步加强饲料安全监管工作。通知要求,各省畜牧饲料行政主管部门要组织对辖区内的商品蛋禽饲料和蛋禽养殖场槽料进行苏丹红专项检查。严厉查处在饲料和养殖生产过程中添加违禁药物和苏丹红等化学物质的不法行为。切实加强饲料安全监管工作的组织领导。落实饲料安全属地管理的责任,层层建立责任制,继续做好饲料安全例行监测和瘦肉精等违禁药品专项整治工作。广泛宣传苏丹红、瘦肉精等违禁物质的危害,深入宣传饲料安全监管方面的法规、政策和措施,使广大饲…     

应用液相色谱技术检测饲料中苏丹红的方法研究

由于苏丹红添加在禽用饲料中,会使禽类所产的蛋黄颜色发红,所以一些不法饲料生产企业和产蛋禽类养殖企业违规添加使用。苏丹红是一种化学染色剂,它的化学成分中含有一种叫萘的化合物,该物质具有偶氮结构,由于这种化学结构的性质决定了它具有致癌性,对人体的肝肾器官具有明显的毒性作用。经过试验证明应用高效液相色谱法检测饲料中的苏丹红,操作简单,检测时间短,单一样品检测上机时间约需40min左右,重复性好,离散系数在0.18%～2.73%,回收率好,灵敏度高,最低检出限为0.1mg/kg。苏丹红Ⅰ检测回收率：75.85%～93.68%,离散系数：0.35%～1.88%;苏丹红Ⅱ检测回收率：76.33%～94.68%,离散系数：0.32%～1.96%;苏丹红Ⅲ检测回收率：75.68%～95.06%,离散系数：0.25%～2.73%;苏丹红Ⅳ检测回收率：77.36%～96.66%,离散系数：0.18%～1.53%。     

苏丹红Ⅰ对蚕豆苗光合特性的影响

正在食品中添加苏丹红的主要目的就是增色,如天然辣椒素经过光照后会褪色,而添加苏丹红后辣椒会长期保持鲜红,不易褪色[1]。苏丹红加入饲料饲养蛋鸭可以产出"红心"鸭蛋,冒充真正的"红心蛋"。苏丹红Ⅰ是一种人工合成的脂溶性偶氮化合物,广泛应用于油、蜡、汽油的增色剂及鞋、地板等的增光中。国际癌症研究机构(IARC)已将苏丹红Ⅰ归类为三级致癌物[2]。目前关于苏丹红生理性损伤的研究主要集中在动物身上。王爱华等[3]研究发现,用苏丹红     

超高效液相色谱法测定饲料中苏丹红Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ的含量

采用超高效液相色谱仪(UPLC)测定饲料中苏丹红Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ的含量。用乙腈提取饲料中的苏丹红染料,取部分提取液浓缩后直接用Waters超高效液相色谱仪进行检测。测定参数:AC-QUITYUPLCTMBEHC18柱(2.1mm×100mmi.d.,1.7μm);流动相:乙腈:水=90:10;流速0.25ml/min;苏丹红Ⅰ检测波长为478nm,苏丹红Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ检测波长为520nm。苏丹红Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ浓度在0.01～10μg/ml范围内与峰面积呈线性相关,r=0.9999;平均回收率85.7%～94.4%;定量限(S/N=10)0.01mg/kg;在本试验条件下苏丹红染料4种成分均无基质干扰。     

高效液相色谱法测定饲料中苏丹红的含量

苏丹红添加在禽用饲料中会使蛋黄颜色发红,所以一些不法饲料生产企业和禽类养殖企业违规添加使用.苏丹红是一种化学染色剂,其化学成分中含有一种叫萘的化合物,该物质具有偶氮结构,由于这种化学结构的性质决定了它具有致癌性,对人体的肝肾和器官具有明显的毒性作用.消费者在食用红心蛋后,会在体内缓慢的蓄集,久而久之会引起病变,甚至会增加患癌症的风险.试验证明,应用高效液相色谱法检测饲料中的苏丹红,具有操作简单、检测时间短(单一样品检测上机时间约40 min)、重复性好、离散系数0.18%～2.73%、回收率好、灵敏度高,最低检出限为0.1 mg/kg等特点.苏丹红Ⅰ检测回收率75.85%～93.68%,离散系数0.35%～1.88%;苏丹红Ⅱ检测回收率76.33%～94.68%,离散系数0.32%～1.96%;苏丹红Ⅲ检测回收率75.68%～95.06%,离散系数0.25%～2.73%;苏丹红Ⅳ检测回收率77.36%～96.66%,离散系数0.18%～1.53%.     

Research Progress on Diagnosis and Treatment of Canine and Feline Dermatophytosis

Canine and feline dermatomycosis is the common skin disease in small animal,which not only affects the appearance of the canine and feline, but also leads to itching or pain, and even increases the risk of dog and cat owners suffering from dermatomycosis. Dermatomycosis is harmful to health of animals and human beings. The dermatomycosis is difficult to identify, has long treatment cycle and high recurrence, and affected by regional or/and environmental factors, lead to its prevalent and brought great difficulties to the clinical diagnosis and treatment. Canine and feline dermatomycosis could be diagnosed according to illness history survey, clinical symptoms, isolation and identification of pathogens and histopathological examination. In order to curing canine and feline dermatomycosis effectively, systemic therapy combined with topical administration, scientific and rational use of antibiotics, and improvement of animal feeding management should be carried.     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

反刍家畜瘤胃及肠道微生物研究进展

反刍家畜瘤胃及肠道微生物处于一个复杂的微生态系统,其多样性及营养代谢与该系统中的各项因素存在紧密联系。了解反刍家畜瘤胃及肠道微生物多样性变化和营养代谢机制,是通过人为干预手段改善动物福利、提高动物生产效率、提升动物产品质量、减少温室气体排放的基础。关于反刍动物瘤胃及肠道微生物多样性及营养代谢与单个环境因子的关系得到了广泛的研究并取得了一些进展,对指导生产实践和保护环境起到了一定作用。综述了近年来国内外反刍家畜瘤胃及肠道微生物多样性,以及微生物与宿主动物、日粮结构、环境因子相互作用及机制方面的研究进展,以期为探索瘤胃及肠道微生物在反刍动物营养代谢中的作用及其机制提供参考。     

Micronutrient Content of Certain Tropical Conventional and Unconventional Feed Resources of Southern India

The ash, silica and certain important micronutrients were estimated in conventional and unconventional feed and fodder resources available in Southern India. Commonly used dry roughages, such as paddy straw, ragi straw, maize kadbi/stalk, jowar kadbi/stalk, bajra stalk and wheat straw, were high in ash (9.9% +/- 0.77%) and silica (6.4% +/- 0.65%) and low in most of the other micronutrients, except iron, with paddy straw containing most silica (>9%). Cultivated non-leguminous (maize, jowar) and improved green crops (hybrid napier, guinea, green panic, NB-21, CO-1) were also high in ash (10.5% +/- 0.60% and 12.5% +/- 0.51%) but were moderate sources of P, Mg and Cu and good sources of Zn (98 +/- 13.8 ppm and 55 +/- 6.7 ppm). Leguminous green fodders (stylosanthus, lucerne, cow pea, soyabean) were excellent sources of Ca (1.9% +/- 0.16%), Mg (0.40% +/- 0.05%), Cu (30 +/- 5.2 ppm), Zn (121 +/- 14.7 ppm) and Fe (1234 +/- 166 ppm) and moderate sources of P. Mixed local grasses and weeds were high in silica (6.9% +/- 1.00%) but were good sources of Cu, Zn and Fe. Cereal grains (maize, wheat, rice, ragi) were low in ash (2.9% +/- 0.33%) and were relatively poor sources of Ca (0.22% +/- 0.03%), Mg (0.19% +/- 0.03%) and Cu (13 +/- 3.1 ppm). Pulses were low to medium sources of most minerals and good sources of Fe (1230 +/- 293 ppm). Oil seed cake/extractions (groundnut cake, cotton seed cake, soyabean meal, sunflower cake, safflower cake) and cereal by-products (rice polish, rice bran, wheat bran) were excellent sources of P (1.1% +/- 0.47% and 2.3% +/- 0.19%) and good sources of Zn (65 +/- 3.9 ppm and 66 +/- 10.7 ppm) and Fe (938 +/- 130 ppm and 662 +/- 126 ppm). Among the unconventional feeds screened, orange peel, sunflower heads, meat meal, rubber seed cake, spirulina algae and sea weeds contained plentiful Ca, Zn and Fe: tree leaves/top feeds (mulberry, erythrina, glyricidia, banana, subabul, groundnut haulms) were excellent sources of Ca (1.5% +/- 0.13%), Zn (120 +/- 22.9 ppm) and Fe (1033 +/- 133 ppm) but relatively poor sources of P. Soyabean husk, cocoa seed husk, rubber seed cake and meat meal were moderate to good sources of P (1.0% and 0.33%). The high Zn and Fe values of most feeds/fodders were probably due to soil contamination. This account of the micronutrient content of feed/fodder resources should help in strategic supplementation intended to alleviate local deficiencies.     

中国家畜家禽寄生虫与寄生虫病概况

为了提供我国家畜家禽寄生虫和寄生虫病总的概况，综合分析了相关资料，归纳出了我国畜禽寄生虫种类构成、分布范围、重要人畜共患寄生虫虫种、我国南北两方寄生虫种类的异同、多宿主寄生虫虫种和家畜家禽寄生虫病概况等几个方面的内容，并作了评述讨论。     

猪排泄物中恩诺沙星和环丙沙星含量的HPLC检测方法

为了对猪排泄物中恩诺沙星(enrofloxacin,ENR)和环丙沙星(ciprofloxacin,CIP)进行定量检测,试验建立了测定猪粪尿中ENR和CIP含量的高效液相－荧光检测方法。将猪粪经乙腈－氨水超声提取后,加入三氯乙酸酸化,然后分别将经磷酸酸化后的猪尿和提取后的猪粪溶液经固相萃取小柱富集净化,取净化液进行HPLC分析。HPLC流动相为乙腈(A):柠檬酸/乙酸铵缓冲液(B),梯度洗脱:0~25 min,A 10%~40%;25~30 min,A 40%至10%,荧光检测器的激发波长278 nm,发射波长465 nm。结果表明,ENR和CIP 在尿中的最低检测限(LOD)<0.01 mg/L,在粪中的LOD<0.021 mg/kg,在尿中的最低检测限(LOQ)<0.03 mg/L,在粪中LOQ<0.056 mg/kg,猪尿中的ENR和CIP在0.01~1.0 mg/mL范围内线性关系良好,R²分别为0.9994和0.9992;猪粪中的ENR和CIP在0.02~2.0 mg/mL范围内线性关系良好,R²分别为0.9986和0.9981。ENR在猪粪和猪尿中的回收率分别为79.4%和88.5%,CIP在猪粪和猪尿中的回收率分别为75.8%和89.9%。该方法样品处理简单,检测结果准确可靠,且灵敏度较高,是值得推广的检测方法。     

Research Progress on Pharmacological Action of Cephalonium and Its Application in Prevention and Treatment of Mastitis in Dairy Cow

Cephalonium is a second generation cephalosporin.It is effective to prevent and treat mastitis during dry period.It has a broad antibacterial spectrum,strong bactericidal activity,less allergic reactions and low toxicity,and so on,especially showing a good antibacterial activity to Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococus.In this paper,the physical and chemical properties,pharmacokinetic,pharmacology and toxicology,residue and withdrawal periods,application in the prevention and treatment of mastitis in dairy cows,and the prospect of the development of cephalonium were investigated and reviewed.     

头孢洛宁的药理作用及其在奶牛乳房炎防治中应用的研究进展

头孢洛宁是第2代头孢菌素类抗生素,是防治干乳期奶牛乳腺炎的有效药物,具有抗菌谱广、杀菌力强、过敏反应少、毒性低等优点,尤其对金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌展现出良好的抗菌活性。文章综述了头孢洛宁的研究现状、理化性质、药理和毒理、药代动力学、残留及弃奶期及其在奶牛乳房炎防治中的应用,并对其应用前景作了展望。     

白藜芦醇对畜禽常见肝损伤保护机制及应用的研究进展

近年来随着畜禽养殖的集约化与规模化的不断发展,畜禽容易遭受来自饲料发霉、抗生素滥用及肝炎病毒等因素产生的肝损伤。白藜芦醇是一种广泛存在于多种植物中的天然植物提取物,属于多酚类物质,在食品科学和医学领域中可以改善肝脏疾病造成的肝损伤。同时,白藜芦醇可以有效保护畜禽肝脏,缓解炎症刺激、氧化应激以及细胞凋亡等生理或病理状态时产生的肝损伤。另外,白藜芦醇可以通过调节畜禽脂代谢,改善生长育肥阶段容易出现的非酒精性脂肪肝所导致的肝损伤。作者综合了白藜芦醇对畜禽肝损伤保护作用的研究进展,简述了白藜芦醇的理化性质和相关生物学功能,如抗炎、抗氧化、抗细胞凋亡,同时介绍了畜禽常见肝损伤的主要类型和病理途径,并分析了白藜芦醇对畜禽常见肝损伤保护机制和相关信号通路,以期为白藜芦醇通过改善畜禽常见肝损伤、提高畜产品品质提供依据,为探究白藜芦醇成为一种新型优质的饲料添加剂的可能性提供理论支撑。     

Review of the Carriage of Zoonotic Bacteria by Arthropods,with Special Reference to Salmonella in Mites,Flies and Litter Beetles

This systematic review considers the relationship between arthropods commonly found in and around livestock premises and zoonotic bacteria. The principal focus is upon insects and arachnids on poultry units, where houses, litter and manure provide good conditions for the growth, multiplication and protection of flies, beetles and mites, and where zoonotic pathogens such as Salmonella and Campylobacter are prevalent. Other members of the Enterobacteriaceae and the taxa Clostridium, Helicobacter, Erysipelas and Chlamydiaceae are also discussed. Salmonella is widely distributed in the flies of affected livestock units and is detectable to a lesser degree in beetles and mites. Persistent carriage appears to be common and there is some field and experimental evidence to support arthropod‐mediated transmission between poultry flocks, particularly carry‐over from one flock to the next. Campylobacter may readily be isolated from arthropods in contact with affected poultry flocks, although carriage is short‐lived. There appears to be a role for flies, at least, in the breaching of biosecurity around Campylobacter‐negative flocks. The carriage of other zoonotic bacteria by arthropods has been documented, but the duration and significance of such associations remain uncertain in the context of livestock production.