科技创新 与人为本

昆明西山区美德生物制品科研所 ,主要从事对云南生物资源、天然药物、天然药食两用植物、纯天然蜂产品、蜂疗食疗系列产品、天然螺旋藻、天然蚂蚁、天然营养素、天然药茶、天然药蜜的科学研究与开发、生产、推广的科研单位 ,并依托科研机构、高等院校雄厚的技术力量、先进的仪器设备 ,以科技创新 ,研究开发出了几十个纯天然药食两用的蜂疗系列产品。美容护肤系列产品 ,特殊营养素系列产品 ,中国传统药蜜系列产品 ,多数产品进入国家高新技术产业开发区———金鼎科技园区科研生产 ,在昆明国际贸易中心设有展厅 ,产品为国家卫生部、云南省人民…     

桑树类黄酮化合物研究现状及进展

桑树是重要的生态经济树种,药食兼用.类黄酮作为桑树中广泛分布的一类植物多酚类次生代谢产物,具有抗菌消炎、降血糖血脂、降血压、抗氧化和抗肿瘤等多种生物活性及药理作用.天然活性代谢产物的研究是近年来桑树功能基因组学研究的热点,也是实现桑树资源开发和综合利用的重要支柱.本文就桑树类黄酮化合物的结构特征、提取工艺、含量分布、药理作用及合成代谢的分子机制等方面的研究现状及进展进行综述,为桑树优质资源筛选、遗传改良和活性代谢产物的综合利用及开发提供依据.     

黄芪作为饲料添加剂在动物养殖上的应用

<正>近年来,由于人们对化学合成药毒副作用的认识的提高,国内外医药界开始重视开发天然植物药剂。开发毒副作用小、疗效显著、兼药物性和营养性于一体的中草药添加剂的需求越来越迫切,黄芪作为扶本固正类中草药饲料添加剂已开始被用于畜牧业生产。黄芪多糖具有提高营养     

中草药植物内生菌产生抗生素的研究

<正>随着越来越多的动物致病菌对抗生素的耐药性增强,开发出新型的畜禽用抗生素迫在眉睫。因此选择开发的抗菌物质的来源是关键。近年来有关研究表明,中草药植物是筛选天然药物及抗菌物质的主要的原料。目前,已经从植物中分离到很多以前未被人们     

兽用口服中药免疫增强剂组方的筛选试验

近年来，化药免疫增强剂的研究取得了较大的进展．对畜牧业的健康发展起到了一定的作用。但是．这些化药免疫增强剂都不同程度的存在着降低畜禽生产性能、引发多种疾病、残留或污染畜产品及农业环境．危害人类健康等缺点。因此，具有天然、无毒副作用的中草药（植物）免疫增强剂的研究日益受到全世界的极大关注。本研究利用我国丰富的天然中草药资源。依据现代中医中药理论，结合现代科学技术．通过筛选组方和提取浓缩中草药有效成分．研制出具有增强免疫功能和抗病毒作用的畜禽口服中草药制剂．     

烯丙孕素口服液调控母猪同期发情的研究进展

烯丙孕素口服液在国外已被广泛用于母猪同期发情,给药期间可抑制母猪发情,停止给药后重新释放天然激素,母猪会重返发情,以达到同步发情。详细阐述了烯丙孕素口服液的作用机制、药代动力学、临床应用、残留以及毒性,以期为其研究与开发提供一定的参考。烯丙孕素口服液在治疗性成熟母猪同期发情上有较好的应用前景。     

琼脂胶移行法在抗蠕虫中药筛选中的应用

家畜的内寄生虫给全世界的畜牧业生产带来了巨大的损失。威胁着畜牧业的健康发展。与此同时 ,人们也不断地去寻找、开发新的驱虫药来控制家畜寄生虫病。近 2 0年来人们研究出了一系列的抗线虫药 ,随之也探索出了一系列抗线虫药的筛选方法。起初 ,人们在大家畜 (如 :牛、羊、马等 )上进行抗蠕虫药的筛选 ,但该方法需要家畜作为实验动物 ,费时、费力 ,而且实验费用昂贵 ( Gaur等 ,1 970 ) ,于是人们开始寻求其它实验方法。 1 96 8年 ,Boisvenue和Hendrix试图用捻转血矛线虫 ( H aemonchus contor-tus)感染小型实验动物进行抗蠕虫药的筛选 ,…     

蜜蜂及产品微生物资源研究与开发

微生物是一类物种丰富的生物资源和基因资源,在农业资源研究开发中,通过蜜蜂及产品微生物资源库的构建,与现代筛选技术和生物技术结合,可以有效地筛选出新类型的蜂药,构建抗性高的蜜蜂新种以及发酵工程菌株的优化。利用蜂胶临床应用对癌症防治的成果,进一步分离提纯,从中筛选出更具活性的药物成分,开发新类型药品。     

中草药饲料添加剂的生物特性和作用

天然中草药饲料添加剂既含有营养物质,又具有安神镇静、健胃促消化、理气活血、养精补益、驱虫保健和防病治病等药理作用。同时,由于其具有天然性,毒副作用小,有化学药物和抗生素无法比拟的优点。据报道,我国有5000多种药源可以开发利用,且成本低廉,作用广泛。在饲料工业中大力开发应用天然中草药饲料添加剂,具有极其重要的意义。     

药动/药效同步模型在兽用抗菌药物研究的应用概况

药动/药效同步模型是将药动学和药效学结合,用于研究药理效应随时间变化规律的一种模型。药动/药效同步模型在药理学和毒理学研究、临床应用及新药评价等领域得到越来越广泛的应用。随着抗菌药物的发展,耐药性问题日益成为全球关注的焦点。将药动/药效同步模型引入兽药研究中,不仅能够优化给药方案,避免细菌耐药性的产生,也能够为新药的开发提供研究基础。论文对兽用抗菌药物的分类、药动/药效同步模型的研究方法及其在国内外兽药研究中的应用现状进行综述,以期为药动/药效同步模型的兽医临床应用提供参考。     

Combined action of plant estrogens, F-2 toxin and natural estrogens

The investigation concerns the interaction of plant estrogens, F-2 toxin, and natural estrogen (estradiol-benzoate) as causative factors of eostrogenic changes. Plant estrogens and F-2 toxin were applicated at three and estradiol-benzoate at two dosage levels. The estrogenic effect was studied by bioassay on immature rats taking uterine weight, uterine liquid and vaginal opening as criteria. When uterine weight is taken as a criterion, plant estrogens and F-2 toxin, no matter if they are administered alone or together, regularly increase the effect of estradiol-benzoate, but when uterine fluid is taken as a criterion they always decrease the effect of estradiol-benzoate. According to the present results it seems obvious, that the mode of action of estrogenic substances occurring in plants considerably differ from that of natural estrogens. Thus the mechanisms which cause disturbances may be different from those of natural estrogens.     

A sensitive immunoassay for porcine interferon-α

Two murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against different epitopes on recombinant porcine interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) were selected and used to construct a two-site ELISA. This ELISA, when performed in a one-step version, detected about 0.5 units ml-1 of IFN-alpha and showed similar sensitivity but better precision than a cytopathic effect inhibition bioassay. Estimates of IFN-alpha in tissue culture medium by the two assays correlated well. In contrast, one or several factors in porcine serum reduced the sensitivity of the ELISA. Measurements of IFN-alpha in porcine serum was, however, possible in a two-step version of the ELISA, with a sensitivity of about 1 unit IFN-alpha ml-1. Results of ELISA and bioassay agreed, except that the ELISA possibly produced false positive results in two out of a total of 91 sera negative in the bioassay. In addition, one of 23 sera positive in the bioassay was negative in the ELISA.     

Validation of a cell culture bioassay for detection of petroleum exposure in mink (Mustela vison) as a model for detection in sea otters (Enhydra lutris)

OBJECTIVE: To validate a luciferase bioassay, which is based on a recombinant mouse hepatoma cell line, for the detection of exposure to petroleum in mustelid species. ANIMALS: 122 American mink (Mustela vison) and 15 sea otters (Enhydra lutris). PROCEDURES: Mink were exposed to Bunker C fuel oil or Alaska North Slope crude oil externally as a single exposure or internally via low dose concentrations in their ration for 6 months. Serum samples were analyzed for cytochrome P450 1A1 induction by quantification of luciferase activity in the bioassay. Mink liver specimens were also evaluated for cytochrome P450 1A1 induction by quantification of ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase activity. Serum collected from exposed and unexposed sea otters was also analyzed using the luciferase bioassay. RESULTS: Serum samples from mink externally exposed to petroleum had significantly increased luciferase activities at 1 week after exposure. Serum samples taken at later time points or from mink exposed to either product in the ration did not cause significant luciferase induction. Samples from otters exposed to petroleum had significantly higher luciferase induction as compared with samples from otters not exposed to petroleum at 2 and 8 years after the spill. Cytochrome P450 1A1 activity in liver specimens collected from mink that were internally exposed through diet was significantly increased at the conclusion of our study. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The luciferase bioassay is a sensitive and specific method for determining recent exposure to petroleum in mink. The lack of luciferase activity in serum samples collected from mink greater than 1 week after experimental exposure was likely attributable to lower overall petroleum exposure in our trial, compared with natural exposures.     

基因工程白细胞介素2的复性条件和检测方法比较

从表达重组IL—2的E.coli中纯化IL—2,可因变性剂作用而使IL—2失去生物活性.本实验研究了IL—2浓度和复性剂浓度对复性的影响.结果表明,在IL—2浓度为0.05mg/mL、CuCl_2浓度为0.05mmol/L时,复性效果较好.本实验还比较了3种检测IL—2活性的方法,应用CTLL细胞检测,特异性高,但维持细胞费时费力;应用小鼠胸腺细胞和活化的小鼠脾细胞检测,简便易行,但敏感性远不如CTLL细胞检测.     

Possible Anxiolytic Effects of Ivermectin in Rats

Ivermectin, a mixture of 22,23-dihydroavermectin B_1a (80%) and B_1b (20%), is produced by Streptomyces avermectilis, an actinomycete. It is a macrocyclic lactone disaccharide, a member of the avermectin family, and is used as an antiparasitic drug. Previous studies performed in our laboratory showed that doramectin, another avermectin drug, interferes with GABAergic-related behaviours, leading to anxiety and seizures. The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of ivermectin (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) on the central nervous system of rats, using behavioural models related to GABAergic neurotransmission. A known anxiolytic drug, diazepam, was used as a positive control. Open field and elevated plus-maze behaviours, as well as conflict behaviour to a conditioned response, were assessed. The effects of ivermectin and diazepam in reversing the anxiety induced by picrotoxin was studied. The protective effects of ivermectin on pentylenetetrazole- and picrotoxin-induced seizures were also investigated. In the open field, 1.0 mg/kg ivermectin decreased locomotion frequency at 15 and 60 min of observation, rearing behaviour showed a biphasic effect at 15 and 30 min and duration of immobility was increased in all sessions after 1.0 mg/kg ivermectin. These data suggest anxiolytic or sedative effects. Ivermectin and diazepam both had a tendency to cause an increase both in the number of entries into the open arms and on the time spent in the open arms of an elevated plus-maze. Picrotoxin on its own reduced the number of entries as well as the time spent in the open arms. Both diazepam and ivermectin reversed these effects of picrotoxin. In conflict behaviour analysis, ivermectin and diazepam gave the classic effect of an anxiolytic drug, reversing the conditioned response to shock. Ivermectin protected rats from the convulsant effects of pentylenetetrazole but not from those of picrotoxin. Thus, ivermectin had the pharmacological profile of an anxiolytic drug with GABAergic properties. The lack of effect on seizures induced by picrotoxin suggests that the action of ivermectin is different from that of the benzodiazepine drugs.     

Sociosexual stimuli and gonadotropin-releasing hormone/luteinizing hormone secretion in sheep and goats

Sociosexual stimuli have a profound effect on the physiology of all species. Sheep and goats provide an ideal model to study the impact of sociosexual stimuli on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis because we can use the robust changes in the pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone as a bioassay of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion. We can also correlate these changes with neural activity using the immediate early gene c-fos and in real time using changes in electrical activity in the mediobasal hypothalamus of female goats. In this review, we will update our current understanding of the proven and potential mechanisms and mode of action of the male effect in sheep and goats and then briefly compare our understanding of sociosexual stimuli in ungulate species with the "traditional" definition of a pheromone.     

The welfare problems associated with using transgenic mice to bioassay for bovine spongiform encephalopathy

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders, epitomized by the the recent bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) epidemic in cattle and the emergence of a novel variant of Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (vCJD) in humans. In prion disease, the agent of infection is believed to be composed of proteinaceous particles, termed prions, which are converted from a normal isoform into a pathogenic isoform during pathogenesis. A bioassay to detect pathogenic prions of BSE in bovine products consumed by humans was unattainable until the development of transgenic mice, due to the significantly lower susceptibility of wild-type mice to BSE. Transgenic mice have now been generated which express the bovine prion protein and are susceptible to BSE. Following an intracerebral injection with brain homogenate of BSE-infected cattle, transgenic mice develop numerous clinical signs of prion disease, including truncal ataxia (inability to coordinate the torso's muscular activity), increased tone of the tail, generalized tremor, and lack of a forelimb extensor response. In this study, the ethical score system devised by Porter (1992) was applied to the BSE bioassay as a tool for identifying welfare issues affecting animals used in the bioassay. We acknowledge that there are limitations to the use of the information arising from the application of the Porter scoring scheme for assessing the justification to proceed with any animal experiment; notwithstanding these problems, however, our application of the Porter model to the BSE bioassay enabled us to identify potential targets for refinement: pain involved, duration of distress and the duration of the experiment. This was despite lenient scoring for the duration of distress and pain experienced by the mice, and optimal scoring for the quality of animal care. The targets identified for refinement are discussed in relation to the method of inoculation, the duration of the bioassay, and the duration of the clinical phase, with the objective of exploring ways of reducing the severity of the bioassay.     

狼毒对新麦草、无芒雀麦化感作用的研究

为了弄清狼毒(Stellera chamaejasmeL).对两种优质牧草——新麦草(Psathyrostachys juncea(Fisch).Nevsk)i和无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis Leyss)的化感作用强弱,在恢复狼毒侵占严重的草地时,对草种进行合理的选择,采用室内生物测定方法,研究了狼毒根、茎叶粉碎物在土壤里腐解过程中对新麦草和无芒雀麦幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,狼毒对新麦草的化感综合效应(SE)随狼毒根、茎叶量的增加而增大,最大值分别为34.8%和17.0%。狼毒根对无芒雀麦的SE也随狼毒根量的增加而增大,最大值为9.5%。狼毒茎叶对无芒雀麦幼苗的生长表现出促进作用,当茎叶量为5克/盆时,促进作用最大,SE为-16.1%。说明对同一受试植物而言,狼毒根对其抑制作用强于茎叶,狼毒对他种植物的化感抑制作用主要是通过根起作用。新麦草受狼毒化感抑制作用的影响大于无芒雀麦,在人工建植植被恢复狼毒侵占严重的草地时,无芒雀麦可作为选择草种。     

Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies detecting chicken interleukin-2 and the development of an antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Eleven monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) which are specific for chicken interleukin-2 (chIL-2) were produced and characterized by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blotting and neutralizing assays. These mAbs were used to develop a mAb-based antigen capture ELISA specific for chicken IL-2 detection. Anti-IL-2 mAbs bound specifically to E. coli-derived rchIL-2 in ELISA and identified a 16 kDa IL-2 polypeptide band in Western blot. Several mAbs were shown to neutralize the biological activities of both rchIL-2 and native chicken IL-2 as measured by concanavalin A (ConA)-induced lymphocyte proliferation assay, IL-2 bioassay, and natural killer cell assay. Among the neutralizing mAbs, the mAb chIL-2/11 was most potent in neutralizing IL-2 activity. To develop a sensitive ELISA for the detection of chicken IL-2, an antigen capture ELISA was developed using the mAb chIL-2/16 as the antigen capture antibody and rabbit anti-IL-2 peptide antibody as the detection antibody. Using the mAb-based antigen capture ELISA, significant correlation between the level of IL-2 detected in bioassays and in ELISA was observed. These results showed that the mAb-based antigen capture ELISA is less time-consuming and more reliable compared to a conventional IL-2 bioassay for chicken IL-2. These neutralizing mAbs will facilitate basic immunobiological studies of the role of IL-2 in normal and disease states in chickens.     

桑叶抗焦虑作用研究

目的：利用焦虑动物模型研究桑叶抗焦虑作用及其物质基础。方法：将小鼠随机分为空白对照组（蒸馏水0.375 mL）、地西泮对照组（0.0023 g/kg）、桑叶组（4.5 g/kg）、真空处理桑叶组（4.5 g/kg）,每组10只,雌雄各半,灌胃给药,1次/d,连续灌胃4 d后,依次采用自主活动仪、明暗箱、高架十字迷宫考察药物对小鼠的行为影响;高效液相色谱法（HPLC）检测行为学实验后小鼠脑神经递质含量。结果：与空白对照组比较,真空处理桑叶组可显著增加小鼠在明箱停留时间（P〈0.05）,并显著提高小鼠开臂滞留时间百分比（OT%）（P〈0.05）。小鼠脑内神经递质检测显示,真空处理桑叶组、桑叶组均可显著降低小鼠脑组织5-羟色胺（5-HT）浓度（P〈0.05）,去甲肾上腺素（NE）、多巴胺（DA）浓度也有降低,但无统计学差异。结论：桑叶具有抗焦虑作用,且其物质基础可能为γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）。