护肾胶囊对犬急性肾功能衰竭生化指标的影响

本文就输液疗法加护肾胶囊辅助疗法与常规输液疗法对犬急性肾功能衰竭治疗效果进行了比较。以临床接诊急性肾衰犬20例病例为研究对象,其中10例为对照组使用常规输液疗法治疗,另外10例为试验组使用常规输液疗法配合护肾胶囊口服治疗。结果表明,护肾胶囊配合疗法在治疗的第6、8、10、12日血清尿素氮浓度极显著低于对照组,可以有效缩短急性肾衰的治愈时间,提高治愈效果。     

呋塞米冲击疗法在犬急性肾功能衰竭中的应用

<正>急性肾功能衰竭是一类由肾脏缺血、中毒引起的综合征群,临床表现为短时间内肾功能突然下降甚至丧失,伴随血液中血肌酐、尿素氮以及其他氮质废物显著升高,体内水、酸碱平衡紊乱,尿量减少等明显特征,是犬类致死的主要因素之一,以肾小管变形或坏死最为常见。本院采用呋塞米冲击疗法治疗犬急性肾功能衰竭取得了令人满意的效果,具体报告如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料选取急性肾功能衰竭犬共62只为     

一例猫肾脏衰竭的诊断及治疗体会

肾功能衰竭的发生,将会导致机体内水、电解质异常和酸碱平衡紊乱,进而出现全身性临床症状,表现出食欲不振、恶心、呕吐和神经症状等。肾衰在病程和病理上分为急性肾衰和慢性肾衰,慢性肾衰初期不易发现,往往在肾脏功能下降到30%,才可以观察到;急性肾衰的特征为肾脏功能突然停止运转,大部分症状为尿液减少或急性尿毒症。治疗原则本着抑制呕吐、调节机体的水及电解质平衡、利尿以排除体内有毒的代谢产物。输液疗法和保守药物治疗是肾衰竭治疗最常见和最有效的方法。     

利尿药

主要作用于肾脏,能增加尿量,消除水肿的药物。主要用于各种类型的水肿、急性肾功能衰竭及促进毒物的排出。呋塞米(呋喃苯胺酸、速尿):用于充血性心力衰竭、肺充血、水肿、腹水、胸膜积水、尿毒症、高血钾症及其他任何非炎性病理积液;加速毒物的排出;注意补钾或与保钾利尿药合用     

HPLC-DAD法测定兽药恩诺沙星注射液中非法添加呋塞米

建立了兽药恩诺沙星注射液中非法添加呋塞米的HPLC-DAD检查方法。以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂,以水-四氢呋喃-冰醋酸(70∶30∶1)为流动相;柱温30℃;流速1.0 mL/min;进样量20μL;二极管阵列检测器检测,采集波长范围为190～400 nm,提取波长为272 nm。通过液相色谱保留时间、紫外吸收光谱和峰纯度分析对非法添加物进行确认。结果表明,呋塞米与其他组分在色谱条件下分离情况良好。呋塞米在2.0～100.0μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,R²=0.9999。回归方程为：Y=1.0629X+0.0685,R²=1.0000。按高、中、低三个浓度水平添加呋塞米,每个浓度水平各平行配制3份阳性添加样品溶液进行测定,每个平行进样2次,测得平均回收率为100.8%,RSD=1.0%。方法的检测限为1.0μg/mL。方法准确,可靠,可以用于检查兽药恩诺沙星注射液中非法添加呋塞米。     

10例猫输尿管阻塞皮下输尿管绕道装置系统置入术的治疗及分析

为了探讨采用皮下输尿管绕道装置系统置入术治疗猫输尿管阻塞的临床应用、疗效和注意事项,试验采用经皮下输尿管绕道装置系统置入术方法治疗由输尿管结石、肿瘤等引起的输尿管阻塞患猫10例。对患猫手术时间,术后血清肌酐含量进行统计分析,同时对预后进行跟踪分析。结果表明:单侧手术时间为40～90 min,平均为65 min;双侧手术时间为110～130 min,平均为120 min。术后血清肌酐含量为(257±111)μmol/L,极显著低于术前(P0.01)。7例患猫术后引流顺畅,肾盂积水减轻,血清肌酐下降明显;1例患猫转为慢性肾衰;2例患猫在围手术期死亡。说明采用皮下输尿管绕道装置系统植入手术治疗猫输尿管阻塞具有操作简单、疗效显著、预后良好、恢复时间短等优点,使用皮下输尿管绕道装置系统能够很好地解决由输尿管阻塞导致的急性肾衰。     

干细胞生长因子治疗两例犬急性胰腺炎的病例报告

为了观察干细胞生长因子结合传统疗法应用治疗犬急性胰腺炎的临床疗效。我们用两例犬急性胰腺炎病例应用传统疗法结合干细胞生长因子进行治疗,观察其发病期、转归期的时间与治愈情况。传统疗法在治疗犬急性胰腺炎的同时,干细胞生长因子能加速胰腺的自身修复,能很好地达到治疗胰腺炎的效果。     

用清宫液治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎的体会

当前,子宫内膜炎是严重影响奶牛繁殖和乳品生产的主要疾病。以往用抗生素、化学药品和中药常规治疗,效果均不理想。从1989年以来,笔者采用中国农业科学院中兽医研究所研制的清官液,治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎53例,治愈48例,治愈率为90.5％,治愈牛全部受胎。现就笔者用清官液治疗子宫内膜炎的体会简述如下。(一)有良好的消炎去带作用使用土霉素,青、链霉素等抗生素和宫净灌等药后,子宫的炎症在短期内很难消除,炎性产物不断排出,使配种工作受到很大的阻碍;但用清官液100毫升,既可达到消炎,又能促进炎性分泌物的排出,尤其对卡他性子宫     

纳米硒对犬肾衰中肾组织离子转运体表达及凋亡的影响

旨在探究纳米硒作为治疗药物对腺嘌呤诱导急性肾衰犬肾组织离子转运体表达及凋亡的影响。20只体重约4 kg年龄1岁左右的贵宾犬在做基本健康检查并适应性喂养两周后,随机分为空白对照组(Control,饲喂基础日粮30 d)、急性肾衰造模组[Model,15 d基础日粮+15 d腺嘌呤75 mg·(kg·d)^-1]、常规输液治疗组[Infusion,15 d腺嘌呤75 mg·(kg·d)^-1+15 d静注葡萄糖氯化钠60 mL·(kg·d)^-1、呋塞米2~4 mg·kg^-1]、纳米硒治疗组[Nano-Se,15 d腺嘌呤,75 mg·(kg·d)^-1+15 d纳米硒0.5 mg·(kg·d)^-1]、纳米硒预防组[Prevention,15 d纳米硒0.5 mg·(kg·d)^-1+15 d腺嘌呤75 mg·(kg·d)^-1],每组4只犬。通过血液生化分析,尿常规分析,肾组织石蜡切片免疫组化,Western blot,RT-qPCR检测相关蛋白基因表达水平。结果表明：纳米硒治疗与预防有效降低肾衰特征指标CRE、BUN,恢复肾衰异常尿常规指标尿比重、尿pH,改善肾衰犬机体钙磷代谢;纳米硒治疗对比急性肾衰造模组可有效增加肾组织CaSR、WNKs mRNA与蛋白表达量(P<0.05),降低NKCC2 mRNA与蛋白表达量(P<0.05),从而减弱了急性肾衰中过度代偿的重吸收功能;纳米硒治疗较肾衰造模组肾组织促凋亡Bax、Caspase3/9 mRNA与蛋白表达量显著下调(P<0.05),降低急性肾衰中肾的凋亡效应。     

药蜂疗法治疗慢性肾衰250例疗效观察

对２５０例肾衰用药蜂疗法的中医结合进行治疗，治愈显效１６２例，好转７９例，总有效率为９４．６％，同１１０例单用中医药治疗对照，有效率提高了５４．６５，死亡率降低１９．７％。王浆蜜与药蜂螯刺的配合是中医补，活，通，消的有机结合，是慢性肾衰的治本之法。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Scrapie in goats in Cyprus

Ovine scrapie was first recorded in Cyprus in 1985. Subsequently four dairy goats kept in two mixed flocks with affected sheep developed characteristic clinical signs similar to those seen in sheep. Fifteen goats from the two flocks were examined histologically and neurological lesions consistent with a diagnosis of scrapie were found in the four animals and in three others which had subsequently developed early neurological signs. These lesions were similar to those of naturally-affected sheep although neuronal degeneration and vacuolation were more severe in some cases.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.